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Adel L. Barsoum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oncofetal Antigen immature laminin receptor protein in pregnancy and cancer
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Adel L. Barsoum, Paul SchwarzenbergerAbstract:The 37-kDa immature laminin receptor protein (iLRP) is a speciesconserved, universal immunogenic protein that is expressed in all thus-far examined embryonic and early fetal cells of inbred and outbred rodents. It has also been identified in human concepti. It is altered through normal maturation processes to become a non-immunogenic 67-kDa dimeric mature laminin receptor protein (mLRP) in mid-to late gestation in the mammalian fetus. This Antigen ceases to be expressed as an active autoimmunogen in the full-term fetus and in the normal differentiating tissues and organs of the neonate or adult organism, apparently due to dimerization, but it is re-expressed as an immunogenic monomer in tumor cells. In this review, we highlight the known mechanisms of immune responses with particular emphasis on the possible role of the 37-kDa Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor (OFA/iLRP) in both pregnancy and cancer.
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Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein in pregnancy and cancer.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Adel L. Barsoum, Paul SchwarzenbergerAbstract:The 37-kDa immature laminin receptor protein (iLRP) is a speciesconserved, universal immunogenic protein that is expressed in all thus-far examined embryonic and early fetal cells of inbred and outbred rodents. It has also been identified in human concepti. It is altered through normal maturation processes to become a non-immunogenic 67-kDa dimeric mature laminin receptor protein (mLRP) in mid-to late gestation in the mammalian fetus. This Antigen ceases to be expressed as an active autoimmunogen in the full-term fetus and in the normal differentiating tissues and organs of the neonate or adult organism, apparently due to dimerization, but it is re-expressed as an immunogenic monomer in tumor cells. In this review, we highlight the known mechanisms of immune responses with particular emphasis on the possible role of the 37-kDa Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor (OFA/iLRP) in both pregnancy and cancer.
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production safety and antitumor efficacy of recombinant Oncofetal Antigen immature laminin receptor protein
Biomaterials, 2009Co-Authors: Adel L. Barsoum, Joseph H. Coggin, James W. Rohrer, Bainan Liu, Lewis K. Pannell, Allan J Tucker, Paul SchwarzenbergerAbstract:We describe here for the first time an efficient high yield production method for clinical grade recombinant human Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein (OFA/iLRP). We also demonstrate significant antitumor activity for this protein when administered in liposomal delivery form in a murine model of syngeneic fibrosarcoma. OFA/iLRP is a therapeutically very promising universal tumor Antigen that is expressed in all mammalian solid tumors tested so far. We have cloned the human OFA/iLRP cDNA in a bacterial expression plasmid which incorporates a 6x HIS-tag. Large scale cultures of the plasmid transformed Escherichia coli were performed and the crude HIS-tagged OFA/iLRP was isolated as inclusion bodies and solubilized in guanidine chloride. The protein was then purified by successive passage through three column chromatography steps of immobilized metal affinity, anion exchange, and gel filtration. The resulting protein was 94% pure and practically devoid of endotoxin and host cell protein. The purified OFA/iLRP was tested in mice for safety and efficacy in tumor rejection with satisfactory results. This protein will be used for loading onto autologous dendritic cells in an FDA approved phase I/II human cancer vaccine trial in OFA/iLRP-positive breast cancer patients.
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Production, safety and antitumor efficacy of recombinant Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein.
Biomaterials, 2009Co-Authors: Adel L. Barsoum, Joseph H. Coggin, James W. Rohrer, Bainan Liu, J. Allan Tucker, Lewis K. Pannell, Paul SchwarzenbergerAbstract:We describe here for the first time an efficient high yield production method for clinical grade recombinant human Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein (OFA/iLRP). We also demonstrate significant antitumor activity for this protein when administered in liposomal delivery form in a murine model of syngeneic fibrosarcoma. OFA/iLRP is a therapeutically very promising universal tumor Antigen that is expressed in all mammalian solid tumors tested so far. We have cloned the human OFA/iLRP cDNA in a bacterial expression plasmid which incorporates a 6x HIS-tag. Large scale cultures of the plasmid transformed Escherichia coli were performed and the crude HIS-tagged OFA/iLRP was isolated as inclusion bodies and solubilized in guanidine chloride. The protein was then purified by successive passage through three column chromatography steps of immobilized metal affinity, anion exchange, and gel filtration. The resulting protein was 94% pure and practically devoid of endotoxin and host cell protein. The purified OFA/iLRP was tested in mice for safety and efficacy in tumor rejection with satisfactory results. This protein will be used for loading onto autologous dendritic cells in an FDA approved phase I/II human cancer vaccine trial in OFA/iLRP-positive breast cancer patients.
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in vivo detectable antibodies directed against the Oncofetal Antigen immature laminin receptor can recognize and control myeloma cells clinical implications
Leukemia, 2008Co-Authors: S Siegel, Adel L. Barsoum, Joseph H. Coggin, Birte Friedrichs, Markus Tiemann, Dieter Kabelitz, A K Budde, Matthias ZeisAbstract:In-vivo detectable antibodies directed against the Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor can recognize and control myeloma cells—clinical implications
Håkan Mellstedt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the receptor tyrosine kinase ror1 an Oncofetal Antigen for targeted cancer therapy
Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Mohammad Hojjatfarsangi, Ali Moshfegh, Amir Hossein Daneshmanesh, Abdul Salam Khan, Eva Mikaelsson, Anders Österborg, Håkan MellstedtAbstract:Targeted cancer therapies have emerged as new treatment options for various cancer types. Among targets, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the most promising. ROR1 is a transmembrane RTK of importance during the normal embryogenesis for the central nervous system, heart, lung and skeletal systems, but is not expressed in normal adult tissues. However, ROR1 is overexpressed in several human malignancies and may act as a survival factor for tumor cells. Its unique expression by malignant cells may provide a target for novel therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKI) for the treatment of cancer. Promising preclinical results have been reported in e.g. chronic lymphocytic leukemia, pancreatic carcinoma, lung and breast cancer. ROR1 might also be an interesting Oncofetal Antigen for active immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the ROR1 structure and functions in cancer and highlight emerging therapeutic options of interest for targeting ROR1 in tumor therapy.
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The receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 – An Oncofetal Antigen for targeted cancer therapy
Seminars in cancer biology, 2014Co-Authors: Mohammad Hojjat-farsangi, Ali Moshfegh, Amir Hossein Daneshmanesh, Abdul Salam Khan, Eva Mikaelsson, Anders Österborg, Håkan MellstedtAbstract:Targeted cancer therapies have emerged as new treatment options for various cancer types. Among targets, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the most promising. ROR1 is a transmembrane RTK of importance during the normal embryogenesis for the central nervous system, heart, lung and skeletal systems, but is not expressed in normal adult tissues. However, ROR1 is overexpressed in several human malignancies and may act as a survival factor for tumor cells. Its unique expression by malignant cells may provide a target for novel therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKI) for the treatment of cancer. Promising preclinical results have been reported in e.g. chronic lymphocytic leukemia, pancreatic carcinoma, lung and breast cancer. ROR1 might also be an interesting Oncofetal Antigen for active immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the ROR1 structure and functions in cancer and highlight emerging therapeutic options of interest for targeting ROR1 in tumor therapy.
Joseph H. Coggin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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production safety and antitumor efficacy of recombinant Oncofetal Antigen immature laminin receptor protein
Biomaterials, 2009Co-Authors: Adel L. Barsoum, Joseph H. Coggin, James W. Rohrer, Bainan Liu, Lewis K. Pannell, Allan J Tucker, Paul SchwarzenbergerAbstract:We describe here for the first time an efficient high yield production method for clinical grade recombinant human Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein (OFA/iLRP). We also demonstrate significant antitumor activity for this protein when administered in liposomal delivery form in a murine model of syngeneic fibrosarcoma. OFA/iLRP is a therapeutically very promising universal tumor Antigen that is expressed in all mammalian solid tumors tested so far. We have cloned the human OFA/iLRP cDNA in a bacterial expression plasmid which incorporates a 6x HIS-tag. Large scale cultures of the plasmid transformed Escherichia coli were performed and the crude HIS-tagged OFA/iLRP was isolated as inclusion bodies and solubilized in guanidine chloride. The protein was then purified by successive passage through three column chromatography steps of immobilized metal affinity, anion exchange, and gel filtration. The resulting protein was 94% pure and practically devoid of endotoxin and host cell protein. The purified OFA/iLRP was tested in mice for safety and efficacy in tumor rejection with satisfactory results. This protein will be used for loading onto autologous dendritic cells in an FDA approved phase I/II human cancer vaccine trial in OFA/iLRP-positive breast cancer patients.
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Production, safety and antitumor efficacy of recombinant Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein.
Biomaterials, 2009Co-Authors: Adel L. Barsoum, Joseph H. Coggin, James W. Rohrer, Bainan Liu, J. Allan Tucker, Lewis K. Pannell, Paul SchwarzenbergerAbstract:We describe here for the first time an efficient high yield production method for clinical grade recombinant human Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein (OFA/iLRP). We also demonstrate significant antitumor activity for this protein when administered in liposomal delivery form in a murine model of syngeneic fibrosarcoma. OFA/iLRP is a therapeutically very promising universal tumor Antigen that is expressed in all mammalian solid tumors tested so far. We have cloned the human OFA/iLRP cDNA in a bacterial expression plasmid which incorporates a 6x HIS-tag. Large scale cultures of the plasmid transformed Escherichia coli were performed and the crude HIS-tagged OFA/iLRP was isolated as inclusion bodies and solubilized in guanidine chloride. The protein was then purified by successive passage through three column chromatography steps of immobilized metal affinity, anion exchange, and gel filtration. The resulting protein was 94% pure and practically devoid of endotoxin and host cell protein. The purified OFA/iLRP was tested in mice for safety and efficacy in tumor rejection with satisfactory results. This protein will be used for loading onto autologous dendritic cells in an FDA approved phase I/II human cancer vaccine trial in OFA/iLRP-positive breast cancer patients.
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in vivo detectable antibodies directed against the Oncofetal Antigen immature laminin receptor can recognize and control myeloma cells clinical implications
Leukemia, 2008Co-Authors: S Siegel, Adel L. Barsoum, Joseph H. Coggin, Birte Friedrichs, Markus Tiemann, Dieter Kabelitz, A K Budde, Matthias ZeisAbstract:In-vivo detectable antibodies directed against the Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor can recognize and control myeloma cells—clinical implications
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In-vivo detectable antibodies directed against the Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor can recognize and control myeloma cells--clinical implications.
Leukemia, 2008Co-Authors: Siegel S, Adel L. Barsoum, Joseph H. Coggin, Birte Friedrichs, Markus Tiemann, Dieter Kabelitz, Matthias ZeisAbstract:In-vivo detectable antibodies directed against the Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor can recognize and control myeloma cells—clinical implications
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True Immunogenicity of Oncofetal Antigen/Immature Laminin Receptor Protein
Cancer research, 2004Co-Authors: Joseph H. Coggin, James W. Rohrer, Adel L. BarsoumAbstract:Su et al . [(1)][1] described the detection of RNA present in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that achieved expression of Oncofetal Antigen (OFA) in RCC patient’s monocytes and gave rise to OFA-expressing dendritic cells ex vivo . When these OFA-expressing dendritic cells were infused back into
Yasuharu Nishimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Usefulness of a novel Oncofetal Antigen, glypican-3, for diagnosis and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai kaishi = Japanese journal of clinical immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Yasuharu Nishimura, Tetsuya Nakatsura, Satoru SenjuAbstract:We identified glypican-3 (GPC3), as a novel Oncofetal Antigen, overexpressed specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and melanoma in humans by utilizing genome-wide cDNA microarray analyses of HCC tissues and normal fetal and adult tissues. We also found that GPC3 is a novel tumor marker for HCC and melanoma, and that the pre-immunization of BALB/c mice with dendritic cells pulsed with the H-2K(d)-restricted mouse GPC3 298-306 (EYILSLEEL) peptide prevented the growth of tumor expressing mouse GPC3. Because of similarities in the binding peptide motifs between H-2K(d) and HLA-A24 (A(*)2402), the H-2K(d)-restricted GPC3 298-306 peptide thus seemed to be useful for the immunotherapy of HLA-A24(+) patients with HCC and melanoma. We investigated whether the GPC3 298-306 peptide could induce GPC3 reactive CTLs from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A24 (A(*)2402)(+) HCC patients. In addition, we used HLA-A2.1 (HHD) transgenic mice (Tgm) to identify the HLA-A2 (A(*)0201)-restricted GPC3 epitopes to expand the applications of GPC3 based immunotherapy to the HLA-A2(+) HCC patients. We found that the GPC3 144-152 (FVGEFFTDV) peptide could induce peptide-reactive CTLs in HLA-A2.1 (HHD) Tgm without inducing autoimmunity. In 5 out of 8 HLA-A2(+) GPC3(+) HCC patients, the GPC3 144-152 peptide-reactive CTLs were generated from PBMCs by in vitro stimulation with the peptide and the GPC3 298-306 peptide-reactive CTLs were also generated from PBMCs in 4 of 6 HLA-A24(+) GPC3(+) HCC patients. The inoculation of these CTLs reduced the human HCC tumor mass implanted into NOD/SCID mice. We have recently started a phase I clinical trial of GPC3 peptide vaccine-based immunotherapy of patients with advanced HCC. We have also succeeded in inhibition of growth of tumors expressing mouse GPC3 by immunization of mice with dendritic cells differentiated in vitro from mouse embryonic stem cells and pulsed with the GPC3 peptides. Our study raises the possibility that these GPC3 peptides may therefore be applicable to cancer immunotherapy for a large number of patients with HCC and melanoma.
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embryonic stem cell derived dendritic cells expressing glypican 3 a recently identified Oncofetal Antigen induce protective immunity against highly metastatic mouse melanoma b16 f10
Cancer Research, 2006Co-Authors: Yutaka Motomura, Satoru Senju, Daiki Fukuma, Tetsuya Nakatsura, Hidetake Matsuyoshi, Shinya Hirata, Mikio Monji, Hiroyuki Komori, Hideo Baba, Yasuharu NishimuraAbstract:We have recently established a method to generate dendritic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells. By introducing exogenous genes into embryonic stem cells and subsequently inducing differentiation to dendritic cells (ES-DC), we can now readily generate transfectant ES-DC expressing the transgenes. A previous study revealed that the transfer of genetically modified ES-DC expressing a model Antigen, ovalbumin, protected the recipient mice from a challenge with an ovalbumin-expressing tumor. In the present study, we examined the capacity of ES-DC expressing mouse homologue of human glypican-3, a recently identified Oncofetal Antigen expressed in human melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, to elicit protective immunity against glypican-3-expressing mouse tumors. CTLs specific to multiple glypican-3 epitopes were primed by the in vivo transfer of glypican-3-transfectant ES-DC (ES-DC-GPC3). The transfer of ES-DC-GPC3 protected the recipient mice from subsequent challenge with B16-F10 melanoma, naturally expressing glypican-3, and with glypican-3-transfectant MCA205 sarcoma. The treatment with ES-DC-GPC3 was also highly effective against i.v. injected B16-F10. No harmful side effects, such as autoimmunity, were observed for these treatments. The depletion experiments and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells contributed to the observed antitumor effect. In conclusion, the usefulness of glypican-3 as a target Antigen for antimelanoma immunotherapy was thus shown in the mouse model using the ES-DC system. Human dendritic cells expressing glypican-3 would be a promising means for therapy of melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2414-22)
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Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Dendritic Cells Expressing Glypican-3, a Recently Identified Oncofetal Antigen, Induce Protective Immunity against Highly Metastatic Mouse Melanoma, B16-F10
Cancer research, 2006Co-Authors: Yutaka Motomura, Satoru Senju, Daiki Fukuma, Tetsuya Nakatsura, Hidetake Matsuyoshi, Shinya Hirata, Mikio Monji, Hiroyuki Komori, Hideo Baba, Yasuharu NishimuraAbstract:We have recently established a method to generate dendritic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells. By introducing exogenous genes into embryonic stem cells and subsequently inducing differentiation to dendritic cells (ES-DC), we can now readily generate transfectant ES-DC expressing the transgenes. A previous study revealed that the transfer of genetically modified ES-DC expressing a model Antigen, ovalbumin, protected the recipient mice from a challenge with an ovalbumin-expressing tumor. In the present study, we examined the capacity of ES-DC expressing mouse homologue of human glypican-3, a recently identified Oncofetal Antigen expressed in human melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, to elicit protective immunity against glypican-3-expressing mouse tumors. CTLs specific to multiple glypican-3 epitopes were primed by the in vivo transfer of glypican-3-transfectant ES-DC (ES-DC-GPC3). The transfer of ES-DC-GPC3 protected the recipient mice from subsequent challenge with B16-F10 melanoma, naturally expressing glypican-3, and with glypican-3-transfectant MCA205 sarcoma. The treatment with ES-DC-GPC3 was also highly effective against i.v. injected B16-F10. No harmful side effects, such as autoimmunity, were observed for these treatments. The depletion experiments and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells contributed to the observed antitumor effect. In conclusion, the usefulness of glypican-3 as a target Antigen for antimelanoma immunotherapy was thus shown in the mouse model using the ES-DC system. Human dendritic cells expressing glypican-3 would be a promising means for therapy of melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2414-22)
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embryonic stem cell derived dendritic cells expressing glypican 3 a recently identified Oncofetal Antigen induce protective immunity against highly metastatic mouse melanoma b16 f10
Cancer Research, 2006Co-Authors: Yutaka Motomura, Satoru Senju, Daiki Fukuma, Tetsuya Nakatsura, Hidetake Matsuyoshi, Shinya Hirata, Mikio Monji, Hiroyuki Komori, Hideo Baba, Yasuharu NishimuraAbstract:We have recently established a method to generate dendritic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells. By introducing exogenous genes into embryonic stem cells and subsequently inducing differentiation to dendritic cells (ES-DC), we can now readily generate transfectant ES-DC expressing the transgenes. A previous study revealed that the transfer of genetically modified ES-DC expressing a model Antigen, ovalbumin, protected the recipient mice from a challenge with an ovalbumin-expressing tumor. In the present study, we examined the capacity of ES-DC expressing mouse homologue of human glypican-3, a recently identified Oncofetal Antigen expressed in human melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, to elicit protective immunity against glypican-3-expressing mouse tumors. CTLs specific to multiple glypican-3 epitopes were primed by the in vivo transfer of glypican-3-transfectant ES-DC (ES-DC-GPC3). The transfer of ES-DC-GPC3 protected the recipient mice from subsequent challenge with B16-F10 melanoma, naturally expressing glypican-3, and with glypican-3-transfectant MCA205 sarcoma. The treatment with ES-DC-GPC3 was also highly effective against i.v. injected B16-F10. No harmful side effects, such as autoimmunity, were observed for these treatments. The depletion experiments and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells contributed to the observed antitumor effect. In conclusion, the usefulness of glypican-3 as a target Antigen for antimelanoma immunotherapy was thus shown in the mouse model using the ES-DC system. Human dendritic cells expressing glypican-3 would be a promising means for therapy of melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2414-22)
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usefulness of the novel Oncofetal Antigen glypican 3 for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma
BioDrugs, 2005Co-Authors: Tetsuya Nakatsura, Yasuharu NishimuraAbstract:Glypican-3 (GPC3) mRNA and protein are expressed in >80% of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) but not in normal tissues except for placenta and fetal liver. The Oncofetal Antigen GPC3 is a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored membrane protein and may be secreted. It is a novel tumor marker for human HCC: GPC3 protein was present in sera from 40–50% of HCC patients, but was not detected in sera from patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, or in sera from healthy individuals. α-Fetoprotein (AFP) and PIVKA-II (protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II), are well known major tumor markers for HCC. Generally, AFP shows high positivity for HCC but also high false-positivity in detection assays. Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of α-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) is a recently described marker of HCC. Detection of AFP-L3 shows a much higher specificity than AFP, but a lower sensitivity. On the other hand, detection of PIVKA-II shows a lower false-positivity, but is not always sensitive enough to detect low levels secreted by small HCCs. There was no correlation between the three tumor markers, AFP, PIVKA-II, and GPC3 in terms of their presence in HCC cells. All three tumor markers showed similar positivity in patients with HCC, detecting 80% of patients with the disease.
Amir Hossein Daneshmanesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the receptor tyrosine kinase ror1 an Oncofetal Antigen for targeted cancer therapy
Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Mohammad Hojjatfarsangi, Ali Moshfegh, Amir Hossein Daneshmanesh, Abdul Salam Khan, Eva Mikaelsson, Anders Österborg, Håkan MellstedtAbstract:Targeted cancer therapies have emerged as new treatment options for various cancer types. Among targets, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the most promising. ROR1 is a transmembrane RTK of importance during the normal embryogenesis for the central nervous system, heart, lung and skeletal systems, but is not expressed in normal adult tissues. However, ROR1 is overexpressed in several human malignancies and may act as a survival factor for tumor cells. Its unique expression by malignant cells may provide a target for novel therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKI) for the treatment of cancer. Promising preclinical results have been reported in e.g. chronic lymphocytic leukemia, pancreatic carcinoma, lung and breast cancer. ROR1 might also be an interesting Oncofetal Antigen for active immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the ROR1 structure and functions in cancer and highlight emerging therapeutic options of interest for targeting ROR1 in tumor therapy.
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The receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 – An Oncofetal Antigen for targeted cancer therapy
Seminars in cancer biology, 2014Co-Authors: Mohammad Hojjat-farsangi, Ali Moshfegh, Amir Hossein Daneshmanesh, Abdul Salam Khan, Eva Mikaelsson, Anders Österborg, Håkan MellstedtAbstract:Targeted cancer therapies have emerged as new treatment options for various cancer types. Among targets, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the most promising. ROR1 is a transmembrane RTK of importance during the normal embryogenesis for the central nervous system, heart, lung and skeletal systems, but is not expressed in normal adult tissues. However, ROR1 is overexpressed in several human malignancies and may act as a survival factor for tumor cells. Its unique expression by malignant cells may provide a target for novel therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKI) for the treatment of cancer. Promising preclinical results have been reported in e.g. chronic lymphocytic leukemia, pancreatic carcinoma, lung and breast cancer. ROR1 might also be an interesting Oncofetal Antigen for active immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the ROR1 structure and functions in cancer and highlight emerging therapeutic options of interest for targeting ROR1 in tumor therapy.
