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Ilkka Hiltunen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Steam–oxygen gasification of forest residues and bark followed by hot gas filtration and catalytic reforming of tars: Results of an extended time test
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Esa Kurkela, Minna Kurkela, Ilkka HiltunenAbstract:Abstract Steam–oxygen gasification in a Circulating Fluidized-bed (CFB) reactor was developed for producing transportation fuels from different wood residues. This article presents the results of a two week test campaign, in which crushed forest residues and industrial bark mixture were used as the feedstocks. The aim of the work was to carry out extended time testing of the developed gasification and hot gas cleaning process and to determine the fate of different gas contaminants and trace components of wood. In the test runs, wood fuels were gasified in the CFB reactor at a 0.2–0.25 MPa pressure using a mixture of steam and oxygen as the gasification agent. A mixture of sand and dolomite was used as the bed material in order to maintain stable fluidization and to catalyse in-situ tar decomposition before hot filtration. Raw gas was filtered at ca. 550 °C and the filtered gas was then led into a two-stage catalytic tar reformer. The gasifier performance and the concentrations of different gas contaminants were determined at four different Operating Variable set points during a total of 215 h of operation. The results for carbon conversion efficiency, raw gas composition and the fate of fuel nitrogen, chlorine and trace metals are presented in this paper. The concentrations of gas contaminants were determined after the ceramic filter unit and after the catalytic reformer. The conversion efficiencies for hydrocarbon gases, tars and ammonia in the reformer are also presented. The test run was carried out as a continuous operation without any interruptions or operational problems.
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steam oxygen gasification of forest residues and bark followed by hot gas filtration and catalytic reforming of tars results of an extended time test
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Esa Kurkela, Minna Kurkela, Ilkka HiltunenAbstract:Abstract Steam–oxygen gasification in a Circulating Fluidized-bed (CFB) reactor was developed for producing transportation fuels from different wood residues. This article presents the results of a two week test campaign, in which crushed forest residues and industrial bark mixture were used as the feedstocks. The aim of the work was to carry out extended time testing of the developed gasification and hot gas cleaning process and to determine the fate of different gas contaminants and trace components of wood. In the test runs, wood fuels were gasified in the CFB reactor at a 0.2–0.25 MPa pressure using a mixture of steam and oxygen as the gasification agent. A mixture of sand and dolomite was used as the bed material in order to maintain stable fluidization and to catalyse in-situ tar decomposition before hot filtration. Raw gas was filtered at ca. 550 °C and the filtered gas was then led into a two-stage catalytic tar reformer. The gasifier performance and the concentrations of different gas contaminants were determined at four different Operating Variable set points during a total of 215 h of operation. The results for carbon conversion efficiency, raw gas composition and the fate of fuel nitrogen, chlorine and trace metals are presented in this paper. The concentrations of gas contaminants were determined after the ceramic filter unit and after the catalytic reformer. The conversion efficiencies for hydrocarbon gases, tars and ammonia in the reformer are also presented. The test run was carried out as a continuous operation without any interruptions or operational problems.
Esa Kurkela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Steam–oxygen gasification of forest residues and bark followed by hot gas filtration and catalytic reforming of tars: Results of an extended time test
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Esa Kurkela, Minna Kurkela, Ilkka HiltunenAbstract:Abstract Steam–oxygen gasification in a Circulating Fluidized-bed (CFB) reactor was developed for producing transportation fuels from different wood residues. This article presents the results of a two week test campaign, in which crushed forest residues and industrial bark mixture were used as the feedstocks. The aim of the work was to carry out extended time testing of the developed gasification and hot gas cleaning process and to determine the fate of different gas contaminants and trace components of wood. In the test runs, wood fuels were gasified in the CFB reactor at a 0.2–0.25 MPa pressure using a mixture of steam and oxygen as the gasification agent. A mixture of sand and dolomite was used as the bed material in order to maintain stable fluidization and to catalyse in-situ tar decomposition before hot filtration. Raw gas was filtered at ca. 550 °C and the filtered gas was then led into a two-stage catalytic tar reformer. The gasifier performance and the concentrations of different gas contaminants were determined at four different Operating Variable set points during a total of 215 h of operation. The results for carbon conversion efficiency, raw gas composition and the fate of fuel nitrogen, chlorine and trace metals are presented in this paper. The concentrations of gas contaminants were determined after the ceramic filter unit and after the catalytic reformer. The conversion efficiencies for hydrocarbon gases, tars and ammonia in the reformer are also presented. The test run was carried out as a continuous operation without any interruptions or operational problems.
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steam oxygen gasification of forest residues and bark followed by hot gas filtration and catalytic reforming of tars results of an extended time test
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Esa Kurkela, Minna Kurkela, Ilkka HiltunenAbstract:Abstract Steam–oxygen gasification in a Circulating Fluidized-bed (CFB) reactor was developed for producing transportation fuels from different wood residues. This article presents the results of a two week test campaign, in which crushed forest residues and industrial bark mixture were used as the feedstocks. The aim of the work was to carry out extended time testing of the developed gasification and hot gas cleaning process and to determine the fate of different gas contaminants and trace components of wood. In the test runs, wood fuels were gasified in the CFB reactor at a 0.2–0.25 MPa pressure using a mixture of steam and oxygen as the gasification agent. A mixture of sand and dolomite was used as the bed material in order to maintain stable fluidization and to catalyse in-situ tar decomposition before hot filtration. Raw gas was filtered at ca. 550 °C and the filtered gas was then led into a two-stage catalytic tar reformer. The gasifier performance and the concentrations of different gas contaminants were determined at four different Operating Variable set points during a total of 215 h of operation. The results for carbon conversion efficiency, raw gas composition and the fate of fuel nitrogen, chlorine and trace metals are presented in this paper. The concentrations of gas contaminants were determined after the ceramic filter unit and after the catalytic reformer. The conversion efficiencies for hydrocarbon gases, tars and ammonia in the reformer are also presented. The test run was carried out as a continuous operation without any interruptions or operational problems.
Minna Kurkela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Steam–oxygen gasification of forest residues and bark followed by hot gas filtration and catalytic reforming of tars: Results of an extended time test
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Esa Kurkela, Minna Kurkela, Ilkka HiltunenAbstract:Abstract Steam–oxygen gasification in a Circulating Fluidized-bed (CFB) reactor was developed for producing transportation fuels from different wood residues. This article presents the results of a two week test campaign, in which crushed forest residues and industrial bark mixture were used as the feedstocks. The aim of the work was to carry out extended time testing of the developed gasification and hot gas cleaning process and to determine the fate of different gas contaminants and trace components of wood. In the test runs, wood fuels were gasified in the CFB reactor at a 0.2–0.25 MPa pressure using a mixture of steam and oxygen as the gasification agent. A mixture of sand and dolomite was used as the bed material in order to maintain stable fluidization and to catalyse in-situ tar decomposition before hot filtration. Raw gas was filtered at ca. 550 °C and the filtered gas was then led into a two-stage catalytic tar reformer. The gasifier performance and the concentrations of different gas contaminants were determined at four different Operating Variable set points during a total of 215 h of operation. The results for carbon conversion efficiency, raw gas composition and the fate of fuel nitrogen, chlorine and trace metals are presented in this paper. The concentrations of gas contaminants were determined after the ceramic filter unit and after the catalytic reformer. The conversion efficiencies for hydrocarbon gases, tars and ammonia in the reformer are also presented. The test run was carried out as a continuous operation without any interruptions or operational problems.
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steam oxygen gasification of forest residues and bark followed by hot gas filtration and catalytic reforming of tars results of an extended time test
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Esa Kurkela, Minna Kurkela, Ilkka HiltunenAbstract:Abstract Steam–oxygen gasification in a Circulating Fluidized-bed (CFB) reactor was developed for producing transportation fuels from different wood residues. This article presents the results of a two week test campaign, in which crushed forest residues and industrial bark mixture were used as the feedstocks. The aim of the work was to carry out extended time testing of the developed gasification and hot gas cleaning process and to determine the fate of different gas contaminants and trace components of wood. In the test runs, wood fuels were gasified in the CFB reactor at a 0.2–0.25 MPa pressure using a mixture of steam and oxygen as the gasification agent. A mixture of sand and dolomite was used as the bed material in order to maintain stable fluidization and to catalyse in-situ tar decomposition before hot filtration. Raw gas was filtered at ca. 550 °C and the filtered gas was then led into a two-stage catalytic tar reformer. The gasifier performance and the concentrations of different gas contaminants were determined at four different Operating Variable set points during a total of 215 h of operation. The results for carbon conversion efficiency, raw gas composition and the fate of fuel nitrogen, chlorine and trace metals are presented in this paper. The concentrations of gas contaminants were determined after the ceramic filter unit and after the catalytic reformer. The conversion efficiencies for hydrocarbon gases, tars and ammonia in the reformer are also presented. The test run was carried out as a continuous operation without any interruptions or operational problems.
G. Portoricco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Countercurrent Fixed-Bed Gasification of Biomass at Laboratory Scale
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1999Co-Authors: C. Di Blasi, G. Signorelli, G. PortoriccoAbstract:A laboratory-scale countercurrent fixed-bed gasification plant has been designed and constructed to produce data for process modeling and to compare the gasification characteristics of several biomasses (beechwood, nutshells, olive husks, and grape residues). The composition of producer gas and spatial temperature profiles have been measured for biomass gasification at different air flow rates. The gas-heating value always attains a maximum as a function of this Operating Variable, associated with a decrease of the air-to-fuel ratio. Optimal gasification conditions of wood and agricultural residues give rise to comparable gas-heating values, comprised in the range 5−5.5 MJ/Nm3 with 28−30% CO, 5−7% CO2, 6−8% H2, 1−2% CH4, and small amounts of C2− hydrocarbons (apart from nitrogen). However, gasification of agricultural residues is more difficult because of bed transport, partial ash sintering, nonuniform flow distribution, and the presence of a muddy phase in the effluents, so that proper pretreatments are...
Steven J Mulvaney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on line system identification and control design of an extrusion cooking process part ii model predictive and inferential control design
Food Control, 2000Co-Authors: Timothy A Haley, Steven J MulvaneyAbstract:Abstract A non-linear model-based predictive control law to regulate specific mechanical energy (SME) using screw speed is developed. Operating Variable setpoints are determined using an inferential model that correlates SME with product density and melt moisture content. Additionally, a ratio control strategy is used to regulate melt moisture content and an output noise filter is added to attenuate sensor noise. When combined with an on-line system identification procedure, the resulting system provides good servo and regulatory control response that is robust to modeling errors and disturbances. This paper represents the second of two papers that describe our investigation into the use of on-line system identification for automatic tuning and adaptive control of high-shear twin-screw extrusion processes. The resulting control design addresses the need for a comprehensive system that can be used to regulate extrudate density in extrusion cooking and puffing processes.