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Kelly G. Ten Hagen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Loss of the disease-associated glycosyltransferase Galnt3 alters Muc10 glycosylation and the composition of the Oral Microbiome.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriella Peluso, E Tian, Loreto Abusleme, Takashi Munemasa, Taro Mukaibo, Kelly G. Ten HagenAbstract:The importance of the Microbiome in health and its disruption in disease is continuing to be elucidated. However, the multitude of host and environmental factors that influence the Microbiome are still largely unknown. Here, we examined UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (Galnt3)-deficient mice, which serve as a model for the disease hyperphosphatemic familial tumOral calcinosis (HFTC). In HFTC, loss of GALNT3 activity in the bone is thought to lead to altered glycosylation of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), resulting in hyperphosphatemia and subdermal calcified tumors. However, GALNT3 is expressed in other tissues in addition to bone, suggesting that systemic loss could result in other pathologies. Using semiquantitative real-time PCR, we found that Galnt3 is the major O-glycosyltransferase expressed in the secretory cells of salivary glands. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the loss of Galnt3 resulted in changes in the structure, composition, and stability of the Oral Microbiome. Moreover, we identified the major secreted salivary mucin, Muc10, as an in vivo substrate of Galnt3. Given that mucins and their O-glycans are known to interact with various microbes, our results suggest that loss of Galnt3 decreases glycosylation of Muc10, which alters the composition and stability of the Oral Microbiome. Considering that Oral findings have been documented in HFTC patients, our study suggests that investigating GALNT3-mediated changes in the Oral Microbiome may be warranted.
Gabriella Peluso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Loss of the disease-associated glycosyltransferase Galnt3 alters Muc10 glycosylation and the composition of the Oral Microbiome.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriella Peluso, E Tian, Loreto Abusleme, Takashi Munemasa, Taro Mukaibo, Kelly G. Ten HagenAbstract:The importance of the Microbiome in health and its disruption in disease is continuing to be elucidated. However, the multitude of host and environmental factors that influence the Microbiome are still largely unknown. Here, we examined UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (Galnt3)-deficient mice, which serve as a model for the disease hyperphosphatemic familial tumOral calcinosis (HFTC). In HFTC, loss of GALNT3 activity in the bone is thought to lead to altered glycosylation of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), resulting in hyperphosphatemia and subdermal calcified tumors. However, GALNT3 is expressed in other tissues in addition to bone, suggesting that systemic loss could result in other pathologies. Using semiquantitative real-time PCR, we found that Galnt3 is the major O-glycosyltransferase expressed in the secretory cells of salivary glands. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the loss of Galnt3 resulted in changes in the structure, composition, and stability of the Oral Microbiome. Moreover, we identified the major secreted salivary mucin, Muc10, as an in vivo substrate of Galnt3. Given that mucins and their O-glycans are known to interact with various microbes, our results suggest that loss of Galnt3 decreases glycosylation of Muc10, which alters the composition and stability of the Oral Microbiome. Considering that Oral findings have been documented in HFTC patients, our study suggests that investigating GALNT3-mediated changes in the Oral Microbiome may be warranted.
Katerina Guschanski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dental calculus as a tool to study the evolution of the mammalian Oral Microbiome
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Jaelle C Brealey, Henrique G Leitao, Tom Van Der Valk, Katia Bougiouri, Love Dalen, Katerina GuschanskiAbstract:Dental calculus, the calcified form of the mammalian Oral microbial plaque biofilm, is a rich source of Oral Microbiome, host, and dietary biomolecules and is well preserved in museum and archaeological specimens. Despite its wide presence in mammals, to date, dental calculus has primarily been used to study primate Microbiome evolution. We establish dental calculus as a valuable tool for the study of nonhuman host Microbiome evolution, by using shotgun metagenomics to characterize the taxonomic and functional composition of the Oral Microbiome in species as diverse as gorillas, bears, and reindeer. We detect Oral pathogens in individuals with evidence of Oral disease, assemble near-complete bacterial genomes from historical specimens, characterize antibiotic resistance genes, reconstruct components of the host diet, and recover host genetic profiles. Our work demonstrates that metagenomic analyses of dental calculus can be performed on a diverse range of mammalian species, which will allow the study of Oral Microbiome and pathogen evolution from a comparative perspective. As dental calculus is readily preserved through time, it can also facilitate the quantification of the impact of anthropogenic changes on wildlife and the environment.
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a roadmap to mammalian Oral Microbiome evolution with dental calculus
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Jaelle C Brealey, Henrique G Leitao, Tom Van Der Valk, Katia Bougiouri, Love Dalen, Katerina GuschanskiAbstract:Abstract Animals and their associated Microbiomes share a long evolutionary history, influenced by a complex interplay between extrinsic environmental and intrinsic host factors. However, we know little about Microbiome responses to long-lasting environmental and host-centred processes, which require studying Microbiome changes through time. Here, we apply a tempOral metagenomics approach to dental calculus, the calcified Oral microbial biofilm. We establish dental calculus as a valuable tool for the study of host Microbiome evolution by characterising the taxonomic and functional composition of the Oral Microbiome in a variety of wild mammals. We detect Oral pathogens in individuals with evidence of Oral disease, assemble near-complete bacterial genomes from historical specimens, characterise antibiotic resistance genes even before the advent of industrial antibiotic production, reconstruct components of the host diet and recover host genetic profiles. Our work demonstrates how dental calculus can be used in the future to study the evolution of Oral Microbiomes and pathogens, and the impact of anthropogenic changes on wildlife and the environment.
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dental calculus as a tool to study the evolution of the Oral Microbiome in mammals
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Jaelle C Brealey, Henrique G Leitao, Love Dalen, Katerina GuschanskiAbstract:Abstract The Microbiome and its host have a long history of co-evolution, defined by a complex interplay between environmental and host genetic factors. Yet, we have a very limited understanding of how the host-associated Microbiome is influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic long-term processes, such as climate change and host demography. To this end, we need to study Microbiome changes through time, over known historical events that have affected the host. Dental calculus, the calcified form of the microbial biofilm that forms on vertebrate teeth, is one of few microbial substrates that preserves virtually unchanged through time. Metagenomics sequencing of ancient dental calculus has provided valuable insights in humans, but few studies have attempted to characterise the dental calculus Microbiome of non-human animals. We establish dental calculus as a valuable research tool for the study of host-associated Microbiome evolution. We recover a recognisable Oral Microbiome signature from species as diverse as gorillas, bears and reindeer, and identify a subset of microorganisms that may be unique to each host species. We detect Oral pathogens in specimens with evidence of Oral disease, identify microbial metabolic pathways, characterise antibiotic resistance genes and recover host DNA using metagenomic analyses of dental calculus. In addition, we identify important strategies and current limitations for working with historical metagenomics data from non-human mammals. With this new tool in hand, we can now study changes in Microbiome composition and function as result of extrinsic and intrinsic processes in host history over millennia.
Bruce J Paster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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world workshop on Oral medicine vii targeting the Oral Microbiome part 2 current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant Oral disorders
Oral Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Jairo Robledosierra, Elena Maria Varoni, Roxanne Bavarian, Dalit Porat Benamy, William G Wade, Bruce J Paster, Ross Kerr, Janne L Simonsen, Douglas E PetersonAbstract:Objective The World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII chose the Oral Microbiome as a focus area. Part 1 presents the methodological state of the science for Oral Microbiome studies. Part 2 was guided by the question: What is currently known about the Microbiome associated with Oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the Oral mucosa? Materials and methods A scoping review methodology was followed to identify and analyse relevant studies on the composition and potential functions of the Oral microbiota using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The authors performed searches in PubMed and EMBASE. After removal of duplicates, a total of 239 potentially studies were identified. Results Twenty-three studies on Oral squamous cell carcinoma, two on Oral leukoplakia and four on Oral lichen planus were included with substantial differences in diagnostic criteria, sample type, region sequenced and sequencing method utilised. The majority of studies focused on bacterial identification and recorded statistically significant differences in the Oral microbiota associated with health and disease. However, even when comparing studies of similar methodology, the microbial differences between health and disease varied considerably. No consensus on the composition of the Microbiomes associated with these conditions on genus and species level could be obtained. Six studies on Oral squamous cell carcinoma had included in silico predicted microbial functions (genes and/or pathways) and found some similarities between the studies. Conclusions Attempts to reveal the Microbiome associated with Oral mucosal diseases are still in its infancy, and the studies demonstrate significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity across disease categories. The immense richness and diversity of the microbiota clearly illustrate that there is a need for additional methodologically comparable studies utilising deep sequencing approaches in significant cohorts of subjects together with functional analyses. Our hope is that following the recipe as outlined in our preceding companion paper, that is Part 1, will enhance achieving this in the future and elucidate the role of the Oral Microbiome in Oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the Oral mucosa.
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Caries-associated Oral Microbiome in head and neck cancer radiation patients: a longitudinal study
Taylor & Francis Group, 2019Co-Authors: Jean-luc C. Mougeot, Bruce J Paster, Craig B. Stevens, Kathryn G. Almon, Rajesh V. Lalla, Michael T. Brennan, Farah Bahrani MougeotAbstract:Head and neck cancer (HNC) therapy often leads to caries development. Our goal was to characterize the Oral Microbiome of HNC patients who underwent radiation therapy (RT) at baseline (T0), and 6 (T6) and 18 (T18) months post-RT, and to determine if there was a relationship with increased caries. HOMINGS was used to determine the relative abundance (RA) of >600 bacterial species in Oral samples of 31 HNC patients. The DMFS score was used to define patient groups with tooth decay increase (DMFS[+]) or no increase (DMFS[-]).A change in Microbiome beta-diversity was observed at T6 and T18. The Streptococcus mutans RA increased at T6 in both DMFS[+] and DMFS[-] groups. The RA of Prevotella melaninogenica, the species often associated with caries in young children, decreased at T6 in the DMFS[-] group. The RA of the health-associated species, Abiotrophia defective, decreased in the DMFS[+] group. The Oral Microbiome underwent significant changes in radiation-treated HNC patients, whether they developed caries or not. Caries rates were not associated with a difference in salivary flow reduction between DMFS[+] andDMFS[-] groups. Patients who develop caries might be more susceptible to certain species associated with Oral disease or have fewer potentially protective Oral species
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a practical guide to the Oral Microbiome and its relation to health and disease
Oral Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Bruce J Paster, K Krishnan, T ChenAbstract:The Oral Microbiome is incredibly complex with the average adult harboring about 50-100 billion bacteria in the Oral cavity, which represent about 200 predominant bacterial species. Collectively, there are approximately 700 predominant taxa of which less than one-third still have not yet been grown in vitro. Compared to other body sites, the Oral Microbiome is unique and readily accessible. There is extensive literature available describing the Oral Microbiome and discussing the roles that bacteria may play in Oral health and disease. However, the purpose of this review is not to rehash these detailed studies but rather to educate the reader with understanding the essence of the Oral Microbiome, namely that there are abundant bacteria in numbers and types, that there are molecular methods to rapidly determine bacterial associations, that there is site specificity for colonization of the host, that there are specific associations with Oral health and disease, that Oral bacteria may serve as biomarkers for non-Oral diseases, and that Oral microbial profiles may have potential use to assess disease risk.
Mark J. Buijs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Oral Microbiome of Denture Wearers Is Influenced by Levels of Natural Dentition.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Lindsay E. O'donnell, Douglas Robertson, David J. Bradshaw, Christopher J. Nile, Laura J. Cross, Marcello P. Riggio, Andrea Sherriff, Margaret Lambert, J. Malcolm, Mark J. BuijsAbstract:Objectives The composition of dental plaque has been well defined, whereas currently there is limited understanding of the composition of denture plaque and how it directly influences denture related stomatitis (DS). The aims of this study were to compare the Microbiomes of denture wearers, and to understand the implications of these towards inter-kingdom and host-pathogen interactions within the Oral cavity. Methods Swab samples were obtained from 123 participants wearing either a complete or partial denture; the bacterial composition of each sample was determined using bar-coded illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial hypervariable V4 region of 16S rDNA. Sequencing data processing was undertaken using QIIME, clustered in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and assigned to taxonomy. The dentures were sonicated to remove the microbial flora residing on the prosthesis, sonicate was then cultured using diagnostic colorex Candida media. Samples of unstimulated saliva were obtained and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) levels were measured by ELISA. Results We have shown that dental and denture plaques are significantly distinct both in composition and diversity and that the Oral Microbiome composition of a denture wearer is variable and is influenced by the location within the mouth. Dentures and mucosa were predominantly made up of Bacilli and Actinobacteria. Moreover, the presence of natural teeth has a significant impact on the overall microbial composition, when compared to the fully edentulous. Furthermore, increasing levels of Candida spp. positively correlate with Lactobacillus spp. AMPs were quantified, though showed no specific correlations. Conclusions This is the first study to provide a detailed understanding of the Oral Microbiome of denture wearers and has provided evidence that DS development is more complex than simply a candidal infection. Both fungal and bacterial kingdoms clearly play a role in defining the progression of DS, though we were unable to show a defined role for AMPs.