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Farid Chemat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Development of a green innovative semi-industrial scale pilot combined microwave heating and centrifugal force to extract essential oils and phenolic compounds from Orange Peels
    Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2020
    Co-Authors: Alice Angoy, Christian Ginies, Pascale Goupy, Isabelle Bornard, Pascal Ginisty, Alain Sommier, Marc Valat, Farid Chemat
    Abstract:

    A new process for extraction of essential oils from Orange Peels (Citrus sinensis L.) using microwave and centrifugal (MW/C) force was studied. MW/C is a combination of microwave heating to explode the internal cells of biological material, and centrifugation to intensify diffusion, collection and separation of compounds of interest. MW/C is performed at atmospheric pressure with an injection of water vapor. A detailed study concerning optimization of different operating parameters like microwave power density and centrifugation was performed. MW/C has been compared to the hydrodistillation method. In addition of essential oils collection, in the aqueous phase several phenolic compounds can be obtained and valorized. Influence of the two main parameters was discussed first on essential oils and, in second part, on phenolic compounds recovery. The new combined MW/C process provided reduction in the extraction time compared to hydrodistillation method, with an advantage to collect in a same experiment volatile and nonvolatile compounds with high quality.

  • development of a green innovative semi industrial scale pilot combined microwave heating and centrifugal force to extract essential oils and phenolic compounds from Orange Peels
    Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2020
    Co-Authors: Alice Angoy, Christian Ginies, Pascale Goupy, Isabelle Bornard, Pascal Ginisty, Alain Sommier, Marc Valat, Farid Chemat
    Abstract:

    Abstract A new process for extraction of essential oils from Orange Peels (Citrus sinensis L.) using microwave and centrifugal (MW/C) force was studied. MW/C is a combination of microwave heating to explode the internal cells of biological material, and centrifugation to intensify diffusion, collection and separation of compounds of interest. MW/C is performed at atmospheric pressure with an injection of water vapor. A detailed study concerning optimization of different operating parameters like microwave power density and centrifugation was performed. MW/C has been compared to the hydrodistillation method. In addition of essential oils collection, in the aqueous phase several phenolic compounds can be obtained and valorized. Influence of the two main parameters was discussed first on essential oils and, in second part, on phenolic compounds recovery. The new combined MW/C process provided reduction in the extraction time compared to hydrodistillation method, with an advantage to collect in a same experiment volatile and nonvolatile compounds with high quality. Industrial relevance This work was carried out thanks to the investment of IFTS France, an international technical center worldwide known in the field of solid-fluid separations. Considering the huge amount of plant extracts this new combined system using microwave and centrifugal (MW/C) force may be suitable for scaling up. The results of this investigation on pilot reactors pave the way for the design of an industrial device.

  • Limonene as an agro-chemical building block for the synthesis and extraction of bioactive compounds
    Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Aissou, Zoubida Chemat-Djenni, Edinson Yara-Varón, Anne-sylvie Fabiano-tixier, Farid Chemat
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to transform limonene as an agro-chemical platform for the production of a wide range of added-value compounds for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food ingredients. This molecule was also evaluated as an alternative solvent for the extraction of several bioactive compounds compared to . n-hexane. Limonene was extracted from the essential oils of Orange Peels through a solvent-free microwave extraction technique. Limonene was successfully transformed into products with industrial interest by catalytic oxidation using three different iron catalysts. The ability of limonene to be used as an alternative solvent was performed using two simulation tools, Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) and the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS), and via experimentation. The results indicated that limonene could be a promising green solvent and synthon for petroleum substitution in the extraction or synthesis of bioactive compounds.

  • instant controlled pressure drop combined to ultrasounds as innovative extraction process combination fundamental aspects
    Procedia Engineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tamara Allaf, S Mounir, Valerie Tomao, Farid Chemat
    Abstract:

    Abstract To entirely recover and value Orange Peels by extracting both essential oils and antioxidant compounds, hydrodistillation and standard solvent extraction are usually used. These treatments are known as long, fastidious,and energy-consuming processes mainly because of a low diffusivity coupled with a low starting accessibility. Various innovative processes were recently proposed, studied and optimized. They could have their own advantages. By analyzing the fundamental aspects of different processes, it was possible to recognize the limiting phenomena.Therefor, combining adequate innovative processes intensified the whole operation.This will increase heat and mass transfers; both process performance and extract quality could be dramatically improved.DIC (Detente InstantaneeControlee), instant controlled pressure-drop treatment enhances autovaporization, which results in an expansion of the sample. The autovaporization enables a direct extraction of essential oils simultaneously triggering expansion, which enhances the availability of some molecules and also increases solvent diffusivity within the plant matrix. Ultrasound extraction process is fast in comparison with standard methods, thanks to a greater contact surface area between solid and liquid phase. It was possible to compare the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction to standard solvent extraction in terms of fundamental aspects, highlighted with a former experimental study. Fundamentals enabled the study and comprehension of the extraction modelling.As an example, Orange peel extraction has been studied. In order to achieve innovative extraction, we combined and associated these two techniques. We carry outthe treatment by DIC to extract the essential oils and at the same time to obtain a textured vegetal material. Followed by ultrasound assisted solvent extraction, a great intensification of antioxidants extraction is generated. It was possible to compare the effect of ultrasound assisted extraction to standard solvent extraction both achieved on dried Orange Peels as raw material and DIC treated material. Combining DIC to ultrasounds enabled enhancing yields and extraction kinetics of antioxidant.

  • an improved microwave clevenger apparatus for distillation of essential oils from Orange peel
    Journal of Chromatography A, 2006
    Co-Authors: Mohamed A Ferhat, Brahim Youcef Meklati, Jacqueline Smadja, Farid Chemat
    Abstract:

    Microwave Clevenger or microwave accelerated distillation (MAD) is a combination of microwave heating and distillation, performed at atmospheric pressure without added any solvent or water. Isolation and concentration of volatile compounds are performed by a single stage. MAD extraction of Orange essential oil was studied using fresh Orange peel from Valencia late cultivar Oranges as the raw material. MAD has been compared with a conventional technique, which used a Clevenger apparatus with hydro-distillation (HD). MAD and HD were compared in term of extraction time, yields, chemical composition and quality of the essential oil, efficiency and costs of the process. Extraction of essential oils from Orange Peels with MAD was better in terms of energy saving, extraction time (30 min versus 3 h), oxygenated fraction (11.7% versus 7.9%), product yield (0.42% versus 0.39%) and product quality. Orange Peels treated by MAD and HD were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Micrographs provide evidence of more rapid opening of essential oil glands treated by MAD, in contrast to conventional hydro-distillation.

Ana Lea Cukierman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • development and characterization of activated hydrochars from Orange Peels as potential adsorbents for emerging organic contaminants
    Bioresource Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maria Emilia Fernandez, Ana Lea Cukierman, Pablo Ricardo Bonelli, B Ledesma, S Roman
    Abstract:

    Abstract Activated hydrochars obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization of Orange Peels ( Citrus sinensis ) followed by various thermochemical processing were assessed as adsorbents for emerging contaminants in water. Thermal activation under flows of CO 2 or air as well as chemical activation with phosphoric acid were applied to the hydrochars. Their characteristics were analyzed and related to their ability to uptake three pharmaceuticals (diclofenac sodium, salicylic acid and flurbiprofen) considered as emerging contaminants. The hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent activations promoted substantial chemical transformations which affected the surface properties of the activated hydrochars; they exhibited specific surface areas ranging from 300 to ∼620 m 2 /g. Morphological characterization showed the development of coral-like microspheres dominating the surface of most hydrochars. Their ability to adsorb the three pharmaceuticals selected was found largely dependent on whether the molecules were ionized or in their neutral form and on the porosity developed by the new adsorbents.

  • Activated carbon developed from Orange Peels: Batch and dynamic competitive adsorption of basic dyes
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2014
    Co-Authors: Maria Emilia Fernandez, Gisel Vanesa Nunell, Pablo Ricardo Bonelli, Ana Lea Cukierman
    Abstract:

    Activated carbon from Orange (Citrus sinensis) peel was developed through H3PO4acid activation. Its ability as an adsorbent for the removal of two representative basic dyes (methylene blue and rhodamine B) from single and binary dyes solutions in batch and continuous modes was examined. The Orange peel-based activated carbon presented a high specific surface area (1090m2/g), predominance of mesopores and acidic character. It also showed a high adsorption capacity for both dyes in batch and dynamic modes. Experimental equilibrium isotherms obtained from single-dye solutions fitted the Langmuir-Freundlich model, and those obtained from binary solutions were properly described by single and multi-component models. Breakthrough curves obtained from single-dye solutions exhibited a better removal performance for rhodamine B. Adsorption capacity at exhaustion time for this dye was 11% higher than for methylene blue. Additional experiments in dynamic conditions with a binary solution of both dyes pointed to adsorption competition for the active sites of the developed carbon. Breakthrough curves were adequately represented by a modified two-parameter model.

T A G Langrish - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparisons between different techniques for water based extraction of pectin from Orange Peels
    Desalination, 2008
    Co-Authors: S Yeoh, T A G Langrish
    Abstract:

    Microwave and conventional methods have been used to extract pectin from Orange Peels, with different extraction periods, different solvent pHs and different types of solvent systems. For microwave extraction, the greatest total amount of pectin yield was found to be 5.27% on a dry basis for 15 min of extraction, although the greatest amount of material per unit time (%/min) was obtained after 5 min, which was the same amount as that extracted using Soxhlet extraction for 3 h. The relative extraction rate between microwave and Soxhlet extraction was similar to that in previous work. Microwave treatment was further investigated at pHs of 1.5, 2.0, 5.5 and 10.0 for 15-min extraction periods, with the greatest amount of pectin being extracted at the most strongly acidic condition of pH 1.5. Fifteen-minute extraction periods and a pH of 1.5 were also studied with solvent systems containing ethanol and EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid); giving approximately double the amount of pectin extracted using distilled water.

  • water based extraction of pectin from flavedo and albedo of Orange Peels
    Chemical Engineering Journal, 2006
    Co-Authors: T A G Langrish
    Abstract:

    The extraction of pectin from Orange Peels has been studied at different sample to solvent ratios, different pHs and with different extraction techniques using water. The highest pectin and total nitrogen was produced by a sample to solvent ratio of 1:12.5. The amount of pectin extracted reduces as the pH increased, while the extractability of crude protein is not affected so significantly. Previous workers have found similar results. Considerably more pectin was obtained by the Soxhlet method than by microwave extraction by a factor of two, with a longer extraction duration than the microwave extraction by a factor of 240, so microwave extraction showed a much higher extraction rate (per unit time) by a factor of 120. Pectin existed mainly in the albedo, but the flavedo still contained 27% of the amount of pectin in the total extract. The total pectin yield from the dried peel was 2.2%. The combination of hand-pressure and microwave on pectin yield from flavedo was 12% better than hand-pressure alone, which was also better than microwave extraction alone.

Paul Christakopoulos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fungal multienzyme production on industrial by products of the citrus processing industry
    Bioresource Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Diomi Mamma, Elisavet Kourtoglou, Paul Christakopoulos
    Abstract:

    Orange Peels is the principal solid by-product of the citrus processing industry and the disposal of the fresh Peels is becoming a major problem to many factories. Dry citrus Peels are rich in pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose and may be used as a fermentation substrate. Production of multienzyme preparations containing pectinolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by the mesophilic fungi Aspergillus niger BTL, Fusarium oxysporum F3, Neurospora crassa DSM 1129 and Penicillium decumbens under solid-state fermentation (SSF) on dry Orange Peels was enhanced by optimization of initial pH of the culture medium and initial moisture level. Under optimal conditions A. niger BTL was by far the most potent strain in polygalacturonase and pectate lyase, production followed by F. oxysporum F3, N. crassa DSM 1129 and P. decumbens. N. crassa DSM 1129 produced the highest endoglucanase activity and P. decumbens the lowest one. Comparison of xylanase production revealed that A. niger BTL produced the highest activity followed by N. crassa DSM 1129, P. decumbens and F. oxysporum F3. N. crassa DSM 1129 and P. decumbens did not produce any beta-xylosidase activity, while A. niger BTL produced approximately 10 times more beta-xylosidase than F. oxysporum F3. The highest invertase activity was produced by A. niger BTL while the lowest ones by F. oxysporum F3 and P. decumbens. After SSF of the four fungi, under optimal conditions, the fermented substrate was either directly exposed to autohydrolysis or new material was added, and the in situ produced multienzyme systems were successfully used for the partial degradation of Orange Peels polysaccharides and the liberation of fermentable sugars.

  • fungal multienzyme production on industrial by products of the citrus processing industry
    Bioresource Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Diomi Mamma, Elisavet Kourtoglou, Paul Christakopoulos
    Abstract:

    Abstract Orange Peels is the principal solid by-product of the citrus processing industry and the disposal of the fresh Peels is becoming a major problem to many factories. Dry citrus Peels are rich in pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose and may be used as a fermentation substrate. Production of multienzyme preparations containing pectinolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by the mesophilic fungi Aspergillus niger BTL, Fusarium oxysporum F3, Neurospora crassa DSM 1129 and Penicillium decumbens under solid-state fermentation (SSF) on dry Orange Peels was enhanced by optimization of initial pH of the culture medium and initial moisture level. Under optimal conditions A. niger BTL was by far the most potent strain in polygalacturonase and pectate lyase, production followed by F. oxysporum F3, N. crassa DSM 1129 and P. decumbens . N. crassa DSM 1129 produced the highest endoglucanase activity and P. decumbens the lowest one. Comparison of xylanase production revealed that A. niger BTL produced the highest activity followed by N. crassa DSM 1129, P. decumbens and F. oxysporum F3. N. crassa DSM 1129 and P. decumbens did not produce any β-xylosidase activity, while A. niger BTL produced approximately 10 times more β-xylosidase than F. oxysporum F3. The highest invertase activity was produced by A. niger BTL while the lowest ones by F. oxysporum F3 and P. decumbens . After SSF of the four fungi, under optimal conditions, the fermented substrate was either directly exposed to autohydrolysis or new material was added, and the in situ produced multienzyme systems were successfully used for the partial degradation of Orange Peels polysaccharides and the liberation of fermentable sugars.

Maria Emilia Fernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • development and characterization of activated hydrochars from Orange Peels as potential adsorbents for emerging organic contaminants
    Bioresource Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maria Emilia Fernandez, Ana Lea Cukierman, Pablo Ricardo Bonelli, B Ledesma, S Roman
    Abstract:

    Abstract Activated hydrochars obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization of Orange Peels ( Citrus sinensis ) followed by various thermochemical processing were assessed as adsorbents for emerging contaminants in water. Thermal activation under flows of CO 2 or air as well as chemical activation with phosphoric acid were applied to the hydrochars. Their characteristics were analyzed and related to their ability to uptake three pharmaceuticals (diclofenac sodium, salicylic acid and flurbiprofen) considered as emerging contaminants. The hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent activations promoted substantial chemical transformations which affected the surface properties of the activated hydrochars; they exhibited specific surface areas ranging from 300 to ∼620 m 2 /g. Morphological characterization showed the development of coral-like microspheres dominating the surface of most hydrochars. Their ability to adsorb the three pharmaceuticals selected was found largely dependent on whether the molecules were ionized or in their neutral form and on the porosity developed by the new adsorbents.

  • Activated carbon developed from Orange Peels: Batch and dynamic competitive adsorption of basic dyes
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2014
    Co-Authors: Maria Emilia Fernandez, Gisel Vanesa Nunell, Pablo Ricardo Bonelli, Ana Lea Cukierman
    Abstract:

    Activated carbon from Orange (Citrus sinensis) peel was developed through H3PO4acid activation. Its ability as an adsorbent for the removal of two representative basic dyes (methylene blue and rhodamine B) from single and binary dyes solutions in batch and continuous modes was examined. The Orange peel-based activated carbon presented a high specific surface area (1090m2/g), predominance of mesopores and acidic character. It also showed a high adsorption capacity for both dyes in batch and dynamic modes. Experimental equilibrium isotherms obtained from single-dye solutions fitted the Langmuir-Freundlich model, and those obtained from binary solutions were properly described by single and multi-component models. Breakthrough curves obtained from single-dye solutions exhibited a better removal performance for rhodamine B. Adsorption capacity at exhaustion time for this dye was 11% higher than for methylene blue. Additional experiments in dynamic conditions with a binary solution of both dyes pointed to adsorption competition for the active sites of the developed carbon. Breakthrough curves were adequately represented by a modified two-parameter model.