The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Houssam Attoui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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association of vectors and environmental conditions during the emergence of peruvian horse sickness Orbivirus and yunnan Orbivirus in northern peru
Journal of Vector Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Maria Rosario Mendezlopez, Houssam Attoui, Charles H Calisher, David A Florin, Christian J Floriancarrillo, Stephanie MonteroAbstract:Since 1983, cases of diseased donkeys and horses with symptoms similar to those produced by alphaviruses were identified in two departments in northern Peru; however serological testing ruled out the presence of those viruses and attempts to isolate an agent were also unproductive. In 1997, also in northern Peru, two new Orbiviruses were discovered, each recognized as a causative agent of neurological diseases in livestock and domestic animals and, at the same time, mosquitoes were found to be infected with these viruses. Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) was isolated from pools of culicid mosquitoes, Aedes serratus and Psorophora ferox, and Yunnan virus (YUOV) was isolated from Aedes scapularis in the subtropical jungle (upper jungle) located on the slope between the east side of the Andes and the Amazonian basin in the Department of San Martin. Both viruses later were recovered from mosquitoes collected above the slope between the west side of the Andes and the coast (Department of Piura) in humid subtropical areas associated with the Piura River basin. In this region, PHSV was isolated from Anopheles albimanus and YUOV was isolated from Ae. scapularis. We discuss the ecology of vector mosquitoes during the outbreaks in the areas where these mosquitoes were found.
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zoonotic and emerging Orbivirus infections
Revue Scientifique Et Technique De L Office International Des Epizooties, 2015Co-Authors: Houssam Attoui, Mohd F JaafarAbstract:Summary Many novel emerging Orbiviruses have been isolated in the past 15 years. Important viruses include Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) and Yunnan Orbivirus (YUOV), pathogens of equids which were originally isolated almost simultaneously from 1997 to 1999 in the People’s Republic of China, Australia and Peru. YUOV has also been isolated from cattle, sheep and a dog. The isolation of YUOV from a dog is not the first case of an Orbivirus being isolated from a carnivore. Bluetongue virus and African horse sickness virus were earlier detected in carnivores which fed on contaminated meat. PHSV and YUOV both offer an opportunity to study the emergence of a single pathogen in geographically distant locations, although the original point of emergence is still unidentified. PHSV has been isolated from horses with neurological disease both in Australia and in Peru (where it is now endemic). Serological and molecular diagnostic assays have been developed for these viruses to assist in their identification and diagnosis. Other Orbiviruses, such as Palyam virus and Equine encephalosis virus, have more recently been identified outside their geographical boundaries and may represent a threat to domesticated livestock and horses, respectively. The article also reviews four zoonotic Orbivirus species (Corriparta virus, Changuinola virus, Kemerovo virus and Orungo virus) which have been identified in livestock and/or wildlife.
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Genetic characterization of the tick-borne Orbiviruses
Viruses, 2015Co-Authors: Manjunatha Belaganahalli, Sushila Maan, Houssam Attoui, Narender Maan, Joe Brownlie, Robert Tesh, Peter MertensAbstract:The International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) recognizes four species of tick-borne Orbiviruses (TBOs): Chenuda virus, Chobar Gorge virus, Wad Medani virus and Great Island virus (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae). Nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequence comparisons provide a basis for Orbivirus detection and classification, however full genome sequence data were only available for the Great Island virus species. We report representative genome-sequences for the three other TBO species (virus isolates: Chenuda virus (CNUV); Chobar Gorge virus (CGV) and Wad Medani virus (WMV)). Phylogenetic comparisons show that TBOs cluster separately from insect-borne Orbiviruses (IBOs). CNUV, CGV, WMV and GIV share low level aa/nt identities with other Orbiviruses, in 'conserved' Pol, T2 and T13 proteins/genes, identifying them as four distinct virus-species. The TBO genome segment encoding cell attachment, outer capsid protein 1 (OC1), is approximately half the size of the equivalent segment from insect-borne Orbiviruses, helping to explain why tick-borne Orbiviruses have a ~1 kb smaller genome.
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full genome sequencing and genetic characterization of eubenangee viruses identify pata virus as a distinct species within the genus Orbivirus
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Manjunatha N Belaganahalli, Sushila Maan, Narender S Maan, Houssam Attoui, P D Kirkland, Ross A Lunt, Kyriaki Nomikou, Ian Pritchard, J Brownlie, Peter P C MertensAbstract:Eubenangee virus has previously been identified as the cause of Tammar sudden death syndrome (TSDS). Eubenangee virus (EUBV), Tilligery virus (TILV), Pata virus (PATAV) and Ngoupe virus (NGOV) are currently all classified within the Eubenangee virus species of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Full genome sequencing confirmed that EUBV and TILV (both of which are from Australia) show high levels of aa sequence identity (>92%) in the conserved polymerase VP1(Pol), sub-core VP3(T2) and outer core VP7(T13) proteins, and are therefore appropriately classified within the same virus species. However, they show much lower amino acid (aa) identity levels in their larger outer-capsid protein VP2 (<53%), consistent with membership of two different serotypes - EUBV-1 and EUBV-2 (respectively). In contrast PATAV showed significantly lower levels of aa sequence identity with either EUBV or TILV (with <71% in VP1(Pol) and VP3(T2), and <57% aa identity in VP7(T13)) consistent with membership of a distinct virus species. A proposal has therefore been sent to the Reoviridae Study Group of ICTV to recognise ‘Pata virus’ as a new Orbivirus species, with the PATAV isolate as serotype 1 (PATAV-1). Amongst the other Orbiviruses, PATAV shows closest relationships to Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus (EHDV), with 80.7%, 72.4% and 66.9% aa identity in VP3(T2), VP1(Pol), and VP7(T13) respectively. Although Ngoupe virus was not available for these studies, like PATAV it was isolated in Central Africa, and therefore seems likely to also belong to the new species, possibly as a distinct ‘type’. The data presented will facilitate diagnostic assay design and the identification of additional isolates of these viruses.
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Full Genome Sequencing and Genetic Characterization of Eubenangee Viruses Identify Pata Virus as a Distinct Species within the Genus Orbivirus
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Manjunatha N Belaganahalli, Sushila Maan, Narender S Maan, Houssam Attoui, Ross A Lunt, Joe Brownlie, Kyriaki Nomikou, Ian Pritchard, Peter D. Kirkland, Peter P C MertensAbstract:Eubenangee virus has previously been identified as the cause of Tammar sudden death syndrome (TSDS). Eubenangee virus (EUBV), Tilligery virus (TILV), Pata virus (PATAV) and Ngoupe virus (NGOV) are currently all classified within the Eubenangee virus species of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Full genome sequencing confirmed that EUBV and TILV (both of which are from Australia) show high levels of aa sequence identity (>92%) in the conserved polymerase VP1(Pol), sub-core VP3(T2) and outer core VP7(T13) proteins, and are therefore appropriately classified within the same virus species. However, they show much lower amino acid (aa) identity levels in their larger outer-capsid protein VP2 (
David L Boyle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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persistent and recrudescent infection in cattle following natural infection with middle point Orbivirus
Archives of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, David L BoyleAbstract:Middle Point Orbivirus (MPOV) is a recently described Australian arbovirus, related to Yunnan Orbivirus from China. Analysis of genetic variation within the major serotype gene of MPOV isolates collected from sentinel cattle has identified eight co-circulating strains. The pattern of strain isolation from individual animals during the study period was consistent with an interpretation of persistent MPOV infection of up to five months, featuring episodes of quiescence (below levels required for virus isolation) followed by viral recrudescence. This is significant with regard to current interpretations of infection, persistence and recrudescence during natural infections of Orbiviruses, including bluetongue virus.
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rapid molecular strategy for Orbivirus detection and characterization
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Gustavo Palacios, Chris Cowled, Richard Weir, Robert B Tesh, Amelia Travassos P A Da Rosa, Ana Valeria Bussetti, Nazir Savji, Ivan Wick, Charles H Calisher, David L BoyleAbstract:Orbiviruses infect a wide range of hosts, including humans. The ability to detect them has been hampered by their diversity. Here we present a simple consensus reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method targeting the polymerase gene for Orbivirus recognition and characterization. Phylogenetic assignment is achieved by automated Web-based sequence analysis of amplification products.
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genetic and epidemiological characterization of stretch lagoon Orbivirus a novel Orbivirus isolated from culex and aedes mosquitoes in northern australia
Journal of General Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, Ian W Lipkin, Gustavo Palacios, Thomas Briese, David L BoyleAbstract:Stretch Lagoon Orbivirus (SLOV) was isolated in 2002 from pooled Culex annulirostris mosquitoes collected at Stretch Lagoon, near the Wolfe Creek national park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Conventional serological tests were unable to identify the isolate, and electron microscopy indicated a virus of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Here, a cDNA subtraction method was used to obtain approximately one-third of the viral genome, and further sequencing was performed to complete the sequences of segment 1 (viral polymerase) and segment 2 (conserved inner-core protein). Phylogenetic analysis showed that SLOV should be considered a new species within the genus Orbivirus. A real-time RT-PCR test was designed to study the epidemiology of SLOV in the field. Six additional isolates of SLOV were identified, including isolates from four additional locations and two additional mosquito species. Horses, donkeys and goats were implicated as potential vertebrate hosts in a serological survey.
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genetic and epidemiological characterization of middle point Orbivirus a novel virus isolated from sentinel cattle in northern australia
Journal of General Virology, 2007Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Alex D Hyatt, Rosey Van Driel, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, David L BoyleAbstract:Middle Point Orbivirus (MPOV) was isolated in 1998 from a healthy cow pastured at Beatrice Hill farm, Middle Point (formerly Coastal Plains Research Station), 50 km east of Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. The isolate could not be identified by using conventional serological tests, and electron microscopy indicated that it belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus. Genetic sequencing of segments 2 and 3 revealed that this virus is related to Yunnan Orbivirus, an Orbivirus known only from China and not previously associated with a vertebrate host. A real-time RT-PCR test was developed to study the epidemiology of this virus in the field. Over 150 previously unidentified viruses isolated from cattle between 1994 and 2006 were positively identified as isolates of MPOV. Serology was used to demonstrate the development of antibody responses to MPOV in cattle from multiple locations across the Northern Territory.
Peter P C Mertens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of knowledge gaps and tools for Orbivirus research
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Barbara S Drolet, Piet A Van Rijn, Elizabeth W Howerth, Martin Beer, Peter P C MertensAbstract:Abstract Although recognized as causing emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks worldwide since the late 1800s, there has been growing interest in the United States and Europe in recent years in Orbiviruses, their insect vectors, and the diseases they cause in domestic livestock and wildlife. This is due, in part, to the emergence of bluetongue (BT) in northern Europe in 2006–2007 resulting in a devastating outbreak, as well as severe BT outbreaks in sheep and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) outbreaks in deer and cattle in the United States. Of notable concern is the isolation of as many as 10 new BT virus (BTV) serotypes in the United States since 1999 and their associated unknowns, such as route of introduction, virulence to mammals, and indigenous competent vectors. This review, based on a gap analysis workshop composed of international experts on Orbiviruses conducted in 2013, gives a global perspective of current basic virological understanding of Orbiviruses, with particular attention to BTV ...
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whole genome sequencing strategies and development of Orbivirus sequence database implications for novel dsrna virus detection
2013Co-Authors: Sushila Maan, Manjunatha N Belaganahalli, Narender S Maan, Peter P C MertensAbstract:The genus Orbivirus is the largest of the genera within the family Reoviridae, containing 22 recognised virus species as well as 15 unclassified ‘Orbiviruses’, which could potentially represent further new species. The Orbiviruses are transmitted by both ticks and/or haematophagous insect vectors. They have a wide host range that includes domestic and wild ruminants, equines, marsupials, sloths, bats, birds and humans. Low-level serological cross-reactions between different species of Orbiviruses and lack of reference strains/antisera for existing Orbivirus species make serological identification of new virus isolates difficult. Recently, whole genome sequence data (WGS) has become an important tool for the detection, classification and epidemiological investigations of different pathogens. This study presents full genome sequence database of all known 22 Orbivirus species (including 5 unclassified viruses). Development of novel sequencing strategies and phylogenetic analysis of the Orbiviruses using this database has identified five novel Orbivirus species and has facilitated development of a pan-Orbivirus RT-PCR assay that can be used to identify the RNA of any Orbivirus species. These techniques will support Orbivirus discovery with greater accuracy than before and can be used for definitive diagnosis of suspected Orbivirus infection.
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full genome sequencing and genetic characterization of eubenangee viruses identify pata virus as a distinct species within the genus Orbivirus
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Manjunatha N Belaganahalli, Sushila Maan, Narender S Maan, Houssam Attoui, P D Kirkland, Ross A Lunt, Kyriaki Nomikou, Ian Pritchard, J Brownlie, Peter P C MertensAbstract:Eubenangee virus has previously been identified as the cause of Tammar sudden death syndrome (TSDS). Eubenangee virus (EUBV), Tilligery virus (TILV), Pata virus (PATAV) and Ngoupe virus (NGOV) are currently all classified within the Eubenangee virus species of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Full genome sequencing confirmed that EUBV and TILV (both of which are from Australia) show high levels of aa sequence identity (>92%) in the conserved polymerase VP1(Pol), sub-core VP3(T2) and outer core VP7(T13) proteins, and are therefore appropriately classified within the same virus species. However, they show much lower amino acid (aa) identity levels in their larger outer-capsid protein VP2 (<53%), consistent with membership of two different serotypes - EUBV-1 and EUBV-2 (respectively). In contrast PATAV showed significantly lower levels of aa sequence identity with either EUBV or TILV (with <71% in VP1(Pol) and VP3(T2), and <57% aa identity in VP7(T13)) consistent with membership of a distinct virus species. A proposal has therefore been sent to the Reoviridae Study Group of ICTV to recognise ‘Pata virus’ as a new Orbivirus species, with the PATAV isolate as serotype 1 (PATAV-1). Amongst the other Orbiviruses, PATAV shows closest relationships to Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus (EHDV), with 80.7%, 72.4% and 66.9% aa identity in VP3(T2), VP1(Pol), and VP7(T13) respectively. Although Ngoupe virus was not available for these studies, like PATAV it was isolated in Central Africa, and therefore seems likely to also belong to the new species, possibly as a distinct ‘type’. The data presented will facilitate diagnostic assay design and the identification of additional isolates of these viruses.
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Full Genome Sequencing and Genetic Characterization of Eubenangee Viruses Identify Pata Virus as a Distinct Species within the Genus Orbivirus
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Manjunatha N Belaganahalli, Sushila Maan, Narender S Maan, Houssam Attoui, Ross A Lunt, Joe Brownlie, Kyriaki Nomikou, Ian Pritchard, Peter D. Kirkland, Peter P C MertensAbstract:Eubenangee virus has previously been identified as the cause of Tammar sudden death syndrome (TSDS). Eubenangee virus (EUBV), Tilligery virus (TILV), Pata virus (PATAV) and Ngoupe virus (NGOV) are currently all classified within the Eubenangee virus species of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Full genome sequencing confirmed that EUBV and TILV (both of which are from Australia) show high levels of aa sequence identity (>92%) in the conserved polymerase VP1(Pol), sub-core VP3(T2) and outer core VP7(T13) proteins, and are therefore appropriately classified within the same virus species. However, they show much lower amino acid (aa) identity levels in their larger outer-capsid protein VP2 (
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detection of a fourth Orbivirus non structural protein
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Mourad Belhouchet, Peter P C Mertens, Fauziah Mohd Jaafar, Andrew E Firth, J M Grimes, Houssam AttouiAbstract:The genus Orbivirus includes both insect and tick-borne viruses. The Orbivirus genome, composed of 10 segments of dsRNA, encodes 7 structural proteins (VP1–VP7) and 3 non-structural proteins (NS1–NS3). An open reading frame (ORF) that spans almost the entire length of genome segment-9 (Seg-9) encodes VP6 (the viral helicase). However, bioinformatic analysis recently identified an overlapping ORF (ORFX) in Seg-9. We show that ORFX encodes a new non-structural protein, identified here as NS4. Western blotting and confocal fluorescence microscopy, using antibodies raised against recombinant NS4 from Bluetongue virus (BTV, which is insect-borne), or Great Island virus (GIV, which is tick-borne), demonstrate that these proteins are synthesised in BTV or GIV infected mammalian cells, respectively. BTV NS4 is also expressed in Culicoides insect cells. NS4 forms aggregates throughout the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus, consistent with identification of nuclear localisation signals within the NS4 sequence. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that NS4 contains coiled-coils, is related to proteins that bind nucleic acids, or are associated with membranes and shows similarities to nucleolar protein UTP20 (a processome subunit). Recombinant NS4 of GIV protects dsRNA from degradation by endoribonucleases of the RNAse III family, indicating that it interacts with dsRNA. However, BTV NS4, which is only half the putative size of the GIV NS4, did not protect dsRNA from RNAse III cleavage. NS4 of both GIV and BTV protect DNA from degradation by DNAse. NS4 was found to associate with lipid droplets in cells infected with BTV or GIV or transfected with a plasmid expressing NS4.
Richard Weir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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persistent and recrudescent infection in cattle following natural infection with middle point Orbivirus
Archives of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, David L BoyleAbstract:Middle Point Orbivirus (MPOV) is a recently described Australian arbovirus, related to Yunnan Orbivirus from China. Analysis of genetic variation within the major serotype gene of MPOV isolates collected from sentinel cattle has identified eight co-circulating strains. The pattern of strain isolation from individual animals during the study period was consistent with an interpretation of persistent MPOV infection of up to five months, featuring episodes of quiescence (below levels required for virus isolation) followed by viral recrudescence. This is significant with regard to current interpretations of infection, persistence and recrudescence during natural infections of Orbiviruses, including bluetongue virus.
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rapid molecular strategy for Orbivirus detection and characterization
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Gustavo Palacios, Chris Cowled, Richard Weir, Robert B Tesh, Amelia Travassos P A Da Rosa, Ana Valeria Bussetti, Nazir Savji, Ivan Wick, Charles H Calisher, David L BoyleAbstract:Orbiviruses infect a wide range of hosts, including humans. The ability to detect them has been hampered by their diversity. Here we present a simple consensus reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method targeting the polymerase gene for Orbivirus recognition and characterization. Phylogenetic assignment is achieved by automated Web-based sequence analysis of amplification products.
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peruvian horse sickness virus and yunnan Orbivirus isolated from vertebrates and mosquitoes in peru and australia
Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Houssam Attoui, Lorna Melville, Fauziah Mohd Jaafar, Mourad Belhouchet, Maria Rosario Mendezlopez, Ana Hurtadoalendes, Frank Lizarasocaparo, A R Samuel, Lindsay I Pritchard, Richard WeirAbstract:During 1997, two new viruses were isolated from outbreaks of disease that occurred in horses, donkeys, cattle and sheep in Peru. Genome characterization showed that the virus isolated from horses (with neurological disorders, 78% fatality) belongs to a new species the Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV), within the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. This represents the first isolation of PHSV, which was subsequently also isolated during 1999, from diseased horses in the Northern Territory of Australia (Elsey virus, ELSV). Serological and molecular studies showed that PHSV and ELSV are very similar in the serotype-determining protein (99%, same serotype). The second virus (Rioja virus, RIOV) was associated with neurological signs in donkeys, cattle, sheep and dogs and was shown to be a member of the species Yunnan Orbivirus (YUOV). RIOV and YUOV are also almost identical (97% amino acid identity) in the serotype-determining protein. YUOV was originally isolated from mosquitoes in China.
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genetic and epidemiological characterization of stretch lagoon Orbivirus a novel Orbivirus isolated from culex and aedes mosquitoes in northern australia
Journal of General Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, Ian W Lipkin, Gustavo Palacios, Thomas Briese, David L BoyleAbstract:Stretch Lagoon Orbivirus (SLOV) was isolated in 2002 from pooled Culex annulirostris mosquitoes collected at Stretch Lagoon, near the Wolfe Creek national park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Conventional serological tests were unable to identify the isolate, and electron microscopy indicated a virus of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Here, a cDNA subtraction method was used to obtain approximately one-third of the viral genome, and further sequencing was performed to complete the sequences of segment 1 (viral polymerase) and segment 2 (conserved inner-core protein). Phylogenetic analysis showed that SLOV should be considered a new species within the genus Orbivirus. A real-time RT-PCR test was designed to study the epidemiology of SLOV in the field. Six additional isolates of SLOV were identified, including isolates from four additional locations and two additional mosquito species. Horses, donkeys and goats were implicated as potential vertebrate hosts in a serological survey.
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genetic and epidemiological characterization of middle point Orbivirus a novel virus isolated from sentinel cattle in northern australia
Journal of General Virology, 2007Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Alex D Hyatt, Rosey Van Driel, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, David L BoyleAbstract:Middle Point Orbivirus (MPOV) was isolated in 1998 from a healthy cow pastured at Beatrice Hill farm, Middle Point (formerly Coastal Plains Research Station), 50 km east of Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. The isolate could not be identified by using conventional serological tests, and electron microscopy indicated that it belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus. Genetic sequencing of segments 2 and 3 revealed that this virus is related to Yunnan Orbivirus, an Orbivirus known only from China and not previously associated with a vertebrate host. A real-time RT-PCR test was developed to study the epidemiology of this virus in the field. Over 150 previously unidentified viruses isolated from cattle between 1994 and 2006 were positively identified as isolates of MPOV. Serology was used to demonstrate the development of antibody responses to MPOV in cattle from multiple locations across the Northern Territory.
Chris Cowled - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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persistent and recrudescent infection in cattle following natural infection with middle point Orbivirus
Archives of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, David L BoyleAbstract:Middle Point Orbivirus (MPOV) is a recently described Australian arbovirus, related to Yunnan Orbivirus from China. Analysis of genetic variation within the major serotype gene of MPOV isolates collected from sentinel cattle has identified eight co-circulating strains. The pattern of strain isolation from individual animals during the study period was consistent with an interpretation of persistent MPOV infection of up to five months, featuring episodes of quiescence (below levels required for virus isolation) followed by viral recrudescence. This is significant with regard to current interpretations of infection, persistence and recrudescence during natural infections of Orbiviruses, including bluetongue virus.
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rapid molecular strategy for Orbivirus detection and characterization
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Gustavo Palacios, Chris Cowled, Richard Weir, Robert B Tesh, Amelia Travassos P A Da Rosa, Ana Valeria Bussetti, Nazir Savji, Ivan Wick, Charles H Calisher, David L BoyleAbstract:Orbiviruses infect a wide range of hosts, including humans. The ability to detect them has been hampered by their diversity. Here we present a simple consensus reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method targeting the polymerase gene for Orbivirus recognition and characterization. Phylogenetic assignment is achieved by automated Web-based sequence analysis of amplification products.
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genetic and epidemiological characterization of stretch lagoon Orbivirus a novel Orbivirus isolated from culex and aedes mosquitoes in northern australia
Journal of General Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, Ian W Lipkin, Gustavo Palacios, Thomas Briese, David L BoyleAbstract:Stretch Lagoon Orbivirus (SLOV) was isolated in 2002 from pooled Culex annulirostris mosquitoes collected at Stretch Lagoon, near the Wolfe Creek national park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Conventional serological tests were unable to identify the isolate, and electron microscopy indicated a virus of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. Here, a cDNA subtraction method was used to obtain approximately one-third of the viral genome, and further sequencing was performed to complete the sequences of segment 1 (viral polymerase) and segment 2 (conserved inner-core protein). Phylogenetic analysis showed that SLOV should be considered a new species within the genus Orbivirus. A real-time RT-PCR test was designed to study the epidemiology of SLOV in the field. Six additional isolates of SLOV were identified, including isolates from four additional locations and two additional mosquito species. Horses, donkeys and goats were implicated as potential vertebrate hosts in a serological survey.
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genetic and epidemiological characterization of middle point Orbivirus a novel virus isolated from sentinel cattle in northern australia
Journal of General Virology, 2007Co-Authors: Chris Cowled, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Alex D Hyatt, Rosey Van Driel, Steven Davis, Aneta J Gubala, David L BoyleAbstract:Middle Point Orbivirus (MPOV) was isolated in 1998 from a healthy cow pastured at Beatrice Hill farm, Middle Point (formerly Coastal Plains Research Station), 50 km east of Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. The isolate could not be identified by using conventional serological tests, and electron microscopy indicated that it belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus. Genetic sequencing of segments 2 and 3 revealed that this virus is related to Yunnan Orbivirus, an Orbivirus known only from China and not previously associated with a vertebrate host. A real-time RT-PCR test was developed to study the epidemiology of this virus in the field. Over 150 previously unidentified viruses isolated from cattle between 1994 and 2006 were positively identified as isolates of MPOV. Serology was used to demonstrate the development of antibody responses to MPOV in cattle from multiple locations across the Northern Territory.