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D D Whitehurst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organic Nitrogen Compounds in gas oil blends their hydrotreated products and the importance to hydrotreatment
Catalysis Today, 2001Co-Authors: Per Zeuthen, Kim Knudsen, D D WhitehurstAbstract:Abstract In the pretreatment of feeds for catalytic cracking and for HDA, the primary objective is to reduce the amount of Organic sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds in the feedstock [Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 36 (1994) 75] [1] . Organic Nitrogen Compounds have a significantly negative kinetic effect on hydrotreating reactions. The distribution of the Organic Nitrogen Compounds in feed and hydrotreated products is discussed. Alkyl-substituted carbazoles are found to be the dominant and most refractive Organic Nitrogen Compound in the feed. Our results show that indoles and quinolines are very reactive as compared with carbazoles. From the characterization of the pyrrole benzologues, it is concluded that the more the substituents, the lesser the reactivity. It is well known that conversion of Organic sulfur occurs via two different mechanistic routes: the direct and the hydrogenation route [J. Catal. 61 (1981) 523; AIChE J. 27 (1981) 663; J. Catal. 97 (1986) 52; Catal. Today, in press; Polyhedron 16 (1997) 3213] [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] . The hydrogenation route converts the most refractive S-molecules and plays a very important role in the conversion of N-Compounds. N-containing molecules often show a very low reactivity as compared with the analogous sulfur Compounds. Several studies using model feedstocks show that Nitrogen-containing molecules, and in particular, basic Organic Nitrogen Compounds inhibit the HDS reaction [Appl. Catal. A 170 (1998) 1] [7] . In this study, real feed experiments have demonstrated that even though carbazoles are slow to react and are among the predominant N-Compounds, it is the basic N-Compounds that are the major inhibiting species in diesel fuels.
Per Zeuthen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organic Nitrogen Compounds in gas oil blends their hydrotreated products and the importance to hydrotreatment
Catalysis Today, 2001Co-Authors: Per Zeuthen, Kim Knudsen, D D WhitehurstAbstract:Abstract In the pretreatment of feeds for catalytic cracking and for HDA, the primary objective is to reduce the amount of Organic sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds in the feedstock [Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 36 (1994) 75] [1] . Organic Nitrogen Compounds have a significantly negative kinetic effect on hydrotreating reactions. The distribution of the Organic Nitrogen Compounds in feed and hydrotreated products is discussed. Alkyl-substituted carbazoles are found to be the dominant and most refractive Organic Nitrogen Compound in the feed. Our results show that indoles and quinolines are very reactive as compared with carbazoles. From the characterization of the pyrrole benzologues, it is concluded that the more the substituents, the lesser the reactivity. It is well known that conversion of Organic sulfur occurs via two different mechanistic routes: the direct and the hydrogenation route [J. Catal. 61 (1981) 523; AIChE J. 27 (1981) 663; J. Catal. 97 (1986) 52; Catal. Today, in press; Polyhedron 16 (1997) 3213] [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] . The hydrogenation route converts the most refractive S-molecules and plays a very important role in the conversion of N-Compounds. N-containing molecules often show a very low reactivity as compared with the analogous sulfur Compounds. Several studies using model feedstocks show that Nitrogen-containing molecules, and in particular, basic Organic Nitrogen Compounds inhibit the HDS reaction [Appl. Catal. A 170 (1998) 1] [7] . In this study, real feed experiments have demonstrated that even though carbazoles are slow to react and are among the predominant N-Compounds, it is the basic N-Compounds that are the major inhibiting species in diesel fuels.
Fu Guodong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optothermal response system resin material and optothermal response smart glass
2014Co-Authors: Fu GuodongAbstract:The invention discloses an optothermal response system, an optothermal response resin material prepared by using the optothermal response system as a polymer processing aid, and optothermal response smart glass. The system is obtained by mixing transition metal ions, a polyhydric alcohol ligand Compound, a light-sensitive halide and an Organic Nitrogen Compound and/or a phosphorus Compound and then performing conformational transition on the mixture by use of an Organic transition metal Compound. The optothermal response system has double response to light and heat, and is capable of autonomously changing in intensity of color and light transmissivity according to the change of the environment temperatures and the light intensity. The optothermal response resin material has a wide application prospect in the fields such as glass curtain walls, building door and window glass, automobile glass and agricultural greenhouse films. The optothermal response smart glass has relatively high shading coefficient in seasons of relatively low temperatures, and is capable of automatically reducing the shading coefficient in hot high-temperature summer with strong sunlight, and thus has the advantages of complete ultraviolet shielding, low heat conduction efficiency and autonomous sunlight shading coefficient change.
Kim Knudsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organic Nitrogen Compounds in gas oil blends their hydrotreated products and the importance to hydrotreatment
Catalysis Today, 2001Co-Authors: Per Zeuthen, Kim Knudsen, D D WhitehurstAbstract:Abstract In the pretreatment of feeds for catalytic cracking and for HDA, the primary objective is to reduce the amount of Organic sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds in the feedstock [Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 36 (1994) 75] [1] . Organic Nitrogen Compounds have a significantly negative kinetic effect on hydrotreating reactions. The distribution of the Organic Nitrogen Compounds in feed and hydrotreated products is discussed. Alkyl-substituted carbazoles are found to be the dominant and most refractive Organic Nitrogen Compound in the feed. Our results show that indoles and quinolines are very reactive as compared with carbazoles. From the characterization of the pyrrole benzologues, it is concluded that the more the substituents, the lesser the reactivity. It is well known that conversion of Organic sulfur occurs via two different mechanistic routes: the direct and the hydrogenation route [J. Catal. 61 (1981) 523; AIChE J. 27 (1981) 663; J. Catal. 97 (1986) 52; Catal. Today, in press; Polyhedron 16 (1997) 3213] [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] . The hydrogenation route converts the most refractive S-molecules and plays a very important role in the conversion of N-Compounds. N-containing molecules often show a very low reactivity as compared with the analogous sulfur Compounds. Several studies using model feedstocks show that Nitrogen-containing molecules, and in particular, basic Organic Nitrogen Compounds inhibit the HDS reaction [Appl. Catal. A 170 (1998) 1] [7] . In this study, real feed experiments have demonstrated that even though carbazoles are slow to react and are among the predominant N-Compounds, it is the basic N-Compounds that are the major inhibiting species in diesel fuels.
Dennis R. Hardy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organic Nitrogen Compounds and Fuel Instability in Middle Distillate Fuels
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2008Co-Authors: Joy W. Bauserman, George W. Mushrush, Dennis R. HardyAbstract:Previous research studies have implicated polar Organic Nitrogen Compounds in fuel instability. Twenty-one middle distillate fuels were investigated for their Organic Nitrogen content and to determine if any specific Organic Nitrogen Compound might be linked to fuel instability. The Organic Nitrogen Compounds were isolated by mild acid extraction followed by silica gel adsorption. Three extracts were obtained from each fuel sample: a basic Nitrogen extract in methylene chloride (BNC), a nonbasic Nitrogen extract in methylene chloride (NBNC), and a nonbasic Nitrogen extract in methanol (NBNC). The major constituents of each extract were determined by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). After the Compounds were identified for each fuel, the fuels were grouped by ASTM stability values to determine if there was significantly more or less of one type of Organic Nitrogen Compound present that could cause instability. The results of this study showed that there was not a specific organ...