The Experts below are selected from a list of 1509 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ryo Tatsukawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polychlorinated biphenyl and Organochlorine Insecticide residues in human adipose tissue in poland
Environmental Pollution, 1993Co-Authors: Shinsuke Tanabe, Jerzy Falandysz, Takuo Higaki, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Ryo TatsukawaAbstract:Abstract Concentrations of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and Organochlorine Insecticides such as DDT, HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexanes), HCB (hexachlorobenzene) and chlordanes were determined in human adipose fat from the provinces of Skierniewice and Gdansk in Poland collected during 1979 and 1990, respectively. The mean levels (μg g−1 lipid weight basis) in Skierniewice and Gdansk were found to be 1·2 ± 0·44 and 1·5 ± 1·3 for PCBs, 25 ± 16 and 15 ± 13 for DDT, 0·53 ± 0·17 and 0·25 ± 0·09 for HCHs, 0·36 ± 0·22 and 0·26 ± 0·23 for HCB, and 0·11 ± 0·08 and 0·07 ± 0·04 for chlordanes, respectively. Very high concentrations of DDT were detected, with the maximum value as high as 52 μg g−1 lipid weight in Skierniewice and 47 μg g−1 lipid weight in Gdansk. PCB residues contained in the human fat from Polish cadavers are comparable to those of the levels reported for industrialized nations. It is appraised from the levels of DDT and PCBs in Poles' fat that the Polish environment is still experiencing both types of contamination, arising from agricultural and industrial activities. Contamination of humans by other Organochlorine Insecticides was relatively lower.
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persistent Organochlorine Insecticide residues in some paddy upland and urban soils of india
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1992Co-Authors: Masahide Kawano, A Ramesh, V D Thao, Ryo Tatsukawa, Annamalai SubramanianAbstract:Abstract A wide variety of agricultural soils from different regions of India such as paddy, wheat, mustard, potato, cotton, tea, tomato, sugarcane, grape and urban soils were surveyed for the residual levels of persistent Organochlorine Insecticide residues in 1988 and 1989. DDT and HCH concentrations were found to be higher in upland soils and lower in paddy field soils. These results indicate the large application of HCH and DDT compounds for agricultural purposes in India. In urban soil DDT levels were higher than HCHs reflecting the use of the former Insecticide in relatively large amounts for vector control. Among DDT compounds, p,p′-DDE showed higher percentage in paddy and upland soils. On the other hand, p,p′-DDT contributed to higher levels in urban soils. The β-HCH was detected as the dominant isomer in both agricultural and non agricultural soils. The levels and percentage compositions of DDTs and HCHs revealed the extent of environmental contamination caused by the continuous usage of persist...
Michael W Caudle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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developmental exposure to the Organochlorine Insecticide endosulfan alters expression of proteins associated with neurotransmission in the frontal cortex
Synapse, 2014Co-Authors: Wyatt W Wilson, Joshua M Bradner, Wellington Onyenwe, Sadie E Nennig, Michael W CaudleAbstract:Exposure to environmental contaminants, such as Organochlorine Insecticides during critical periods of neurodevelopment has been shown to be a major contributor to several neuropsychological deficits seen in children, adolescence, and adults. Although the neurobehavioral outcomes resulting from exposure to these compounds are known the neurotransmitter circuitry and molecular targets that mediate these endpoints have not been identified. Given the importance of the frontal cortex in facilitating numerous neuropsychological processes, our current study sought to investigate the effects of developmental exposure to the Organochlorine Insecticide, endosulfan, on the expression of specific proteins associated with neurotransmission in the frontal cortex. Utilizing in vitro models we were able to show endosulfan reduces cell viability in IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells in addition to reducing synaptic puncta and neurite outgrowth in primary cultured neurons isolated from the frontal cortex of mice. Elaborating these findings to an in vivo model we found that developmental exposure of female mice to endosulfan during gestation and lactation elicited significant alterations to the GABAergic (GAT1, vGAT, GABAA receptor), glutamatergic (vGlut and GluN2B receptor), and dopaminergic (DAT, TH, VMAT2, and D2 receptor) neurotransmitter systems in the frontal cortex of male offspring. These findings identify damage to critical neurotransmitter circuits and proteins in the frontal cortex, which may underlie the neurobehavioral deficits observed following developmental exposure to endosulfan and other Organochlorine Insecticides.
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developmental exposure to the Organochlorine Insecticide endosulfan damages the nigrostriatal dopamine system in male offspring
Neurotoxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Wyatt W Wilson, Lauren P Shapiro, Joshua M Bradner, Michael W CaudleAbstract:The contribution of environmental toxicants to the etiology and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been clearly established, with Organochlorine Insecticides routinely shown to damage the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. Although PD is generally considered an adult onset disease, it has been postulated that exposure to environmental contaminants or other factors early in life during critical periods of neurodevelopment could alter the dopaminergic circuit and predispose individuals to developing PD. Recent epidemiological evidence has found exposure to the Organochlorine Insecticide endosulfan to be a risk factor for PD. However, the specific dopaminergic targets or vulnerable developmental time points related to endosulfan exposure have not been investigated. Thus, we sought to investigate dopaminergic neurotoxicity following developmental exposure to endosulfan as well as following an additional challenge with MPTP. Our in vitro findings demonstrate a reduction in SK-N-SH cells and ventral mesencephalic primary cultures after endosulfan treatment. Using an in vivo developmental model, exposure to endosulfan during gestation and lactation caused a reduction in DAT and TH in the striatum of male offspring. These alterations were exacerbated following subsequent treatment with MPTP. In contrast, exposure of adult mice to endosulfan did not elicit dopaminergic damage and did not appear to increase the vulnerability of the dopamine neurons to MPTP. These findings suggest that development during gestation and lactation represents a critical window of susceptibility to endosulfan exposure and development of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Furthermore, these exposures appear to sensitize the dopamine neurons to additional insults that may occur later in life.
Wyatt W Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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developmental exposure to the Organochlorine Insecticide endosulfan alters expression of proteins associated with neurotransmission in the frontal cortex
Synapse, 2014Co-Authors: Wyatt W Wilson, Joshua M Bradner, Wellington Onyenwe, Sadie E Nennig, Michael W CaudleAbstract:Exposure to environmental contaminants, such as Organochlorine Insecticides during critical periods of neurodevelopment has been shown to be a major contributor to several neuropsychological deficits seen in children, adolescence, and adults. Although the neurobehavioral outcomes resulting from exposure to these compounds are known the neurotransmitter circuitry and molecular targets that mediate these endpoints have not been identified. Given the importance of the frontal cortex in facilitating numerous neuropsychological processes, our current study sought to investigate the effects of developmental exposure to the Organochlorine Insecticide, endosulfan, on the expression of specific proteins associated with neurotransmission in the frontal cortex. Utilizing in vitro models we were able to show endosulfan reduces cell viability in IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells in addition to reducing synaptic puncta and neurite outgrowth in primary cultured neurons isolated from the frontal cortex of mice. Elaborating these findings to an in vivo model we found that developmental exposure of female mice to endosulfan during gestation and lactation elicited significant alterations to the GABAergic (GAT1, vGAT, GABAA receptor), glutamatergic (vGlut and GluN2B receptor), and dopaminergic (DAT, TH, VMAT2, and D2 receptor) neurotransmitter systems in the frontal cortex of male offspring. These findings identify damage to critical neurotransmitter circuits and proteins in the frontal cortex, which may underlie the neurobehavioral deficits observed following developmental exposure to endosulfan and other Organochlorine Insecticides.
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developmental exposure to the Organochlorine Insecticide endosulfan damages the nigrostriatal dopamine system in male offspring
Neurotoxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Wyatt W Wilson, Lauren P Shapiro, Joshua M Bradner, Michael W CaudleAbstract:The contribution of environmental toxicants to the etiology and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been clearly established, with Organochlorine Insecticides routinely shown to damage the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. Although PD is generally considered an adult onset disease, it has been postulated that exposure to environmental contaminants or other factors early in life during critical periods of neurodevelopment could alter the dopaminergic circuit and predispose individuals to developing PD. Recent epidemiological evidence has found exposure to the Organochlorine Insecticide endosulfan to be a risk factor for PD. However, the specific dopaminergic targets or vulnerable developmental time points related to endosulfan exposure have not been investigated. Thus, we sought to investigate dopaminergic neurotoxicity following developmental exposure to endosulfan as well as following an additional challenge with MPTP. Our in vitro findings demonstrate a reduction in SK-N-SH cells and ventral mesencephalic primary cultures after endosulfan treatment. Using an in vivo developmental model, exposure to endosulfan during gestation and lactation caused a reduction in DAT and TH in the striatum of male offspring. These alterations were exacerbated following subsequent treatment with MPTP. In contrast, exposure of adult mice to endosulfan did not elicit dopaminergic damage and did not appear to increase the vulnerability of the dopamine neurons to MPTP. These findings suggest that development during gestation and lactation represents a critical window of susceptibility to endosulfan exposure and development of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Furthermore, these exposures appear to sensitize the dopamine neurons to additional insults that may occur later in life.
Tom Kristian Grimsrud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prediagnostic serum Organochlorine Insecticide concentrations and primary liver cancer a case control study nested within two prospective cohorts
International Journal of Cancer, 2019Co-Authors: Lawrence S Engel, Emily C Zabor, Jaya M Satagopan, Anders Widell, Nathaniel Rothman, Thomas R Obrien, Mingdong Zhang, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Tom Kristian GrimsrudAbstract:Although experimental evidence indicates that certain Organochlorine Insecticides are hepatocarcinogens, epidemiologic evidence for most of these chemicals is very limited. We estimated associations, using prospectively collected sera, between Organochlorine Insecticide concentrations and cancer registry-identified primary liver cancer in two cohorts, one from the United States and one from Norway. In nested case–control studies, we used sera collected in the 1960s-1980s from 136 cases and 408 matched controls from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Multiphasic Health Checkup (MHC) cohort and 84 cases and 252 matched controls from the population-based Norwegian Janus cohort. We measured concentrations of nine Organochlorine Insecticides/metabolites and markers of hepatitis B and C in sera. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for tertiles of lipid-corrected Organochlorines were calculated for each cohort using conditional logistic regression. Among MHC participants with sera from the 1960s, there was a suggestive exposure-response trend for trans-nonachlor (second and third tertile of analyte ORs = 1.63 and 1.95, respectively; p-trend = 0.08) and a nonsignificantly elevated risk for the highest tertile of oxychlordane (OR = 1.87). Among Janus participants with sera from the 1970s, we observed an apparent trend for p,p’-DDT (second and third tertile ORs = 1.70 and 2.14, respectively; p-trend = 0.15). We observed little consistency in patterns of association between the cohorts. We found limited evidence that exposure to p,p’-DDT and chlordane-related oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor may be associated with increased risk of primary liver cancer. However, the modest strength of these associations and their lack of concordance between cohorts necessitate caution in their interpretation. (Less)
Meirong Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enantioselectivity in estrogenicity of the Organochlorine Insecticide acetofenate in human trophoblast and mcf 7 cells
Reproductive Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Fang Chen, Quan Zhang, Cui Wang, Meirong ZhaoAbstract:Abstract Previous studies have showed that some chiral pesticides with estrogenic activity possess enantioselectivity in endocrine disruption. Despite the assessment of enantioselectivity in the estrogenic potential of chiral pesticides, which deserve particular attention, there has been limited research into their molecular mechanisms of human health risk. In this study, the role of enantioselectivity in the endocrine disruption and potential human maternal–fetal health risk of acetofenate (AF), an Organochlorine Insecticide, were investigated in both MCF-7 and JEG-3 cells. The two in vitro assays showing a clear enantioselectivity in the estrogenic activity with S -(+)-AF showed stronger effects than R -(−)-AF and rac -AF. Moreover, the racemate's estrogenicity was in between that of enantiomers. Our results also demonstrated that S -(+)-AF possesses the strongest potential effects in disruption of hormone secretion, maternal immune tolerance, and steroidogenesis in the trophoblast. The results suggest that assessment of the health risk of chiral contaminants should consider the role of enantioselectivity.
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induction of macrophage apoptosis by an Organochlorine Insecticide acetofenate
Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Meirong Zhao, Cui Wang, Ying Zhang, Weiping Liu, Jay GanAbstract:Acetofenate (AF) is a widely used Insecticide in China and other regions of southeastern Asia. A previous study showed that AF caused adverse developmental effects in zebrafish. Macrophages, which play a key role in inflammation, host defense, and reactions against a spectrum of autologous and foreign invaders, are crucial for innate immunity. However, cytotoxicity and apoptosis of macrophages caused by Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have so far received little attention. In this study, we used AF as a model chemical to investigate the cytotoxic effects of OCPs on mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Results from cell viability and apoptosis assays showed that AF induced apparent apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, AF induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage and resulted in the alteration of a series of signaling molecules including up-regulation of p53 and cytochrome c protein levels, decline of the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio, and activation of the caspases cascade through caspase-9 and caspase-3. These results, for the first time, revealed that the increase of endogenous ROS and DNA damage comediating OCP-induced apoptosis in macrophages may be by the mitochondria and p53 signal pathway. Our results suggested that macrophages are involved in AF-induced adverse immune effects. Considering the ubiquitous environmental presence of OCPs, this study provided new information on the potential long-term physiological and immunological effects due to chronic exposures to OCPs.