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Nicholas A Buckley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systematic review of controlled clinical trials of gastric lavage in acute Organophosphorus Pesticide poisoning
Clinical Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: M L Tse, Nicholas A Buckley, Indika Gawarammana, Michael EddlestonAbstract:Background. Organophosphorus Pesticide (OP) self-poisoning is a major problem in the developing rural world. There is little clinical trial data to guide therapy, hindering the identification of best therapy. Despite the recognition of adverse effects, gastric lavage is commonly done in Asia. We aimed to identify studies assessing its effectiveness. Method. We systematically searched the literature for controlled clinical studies that assessed the effect of gastric lavage in OP Pesticide self-poisoning. Results. All 56 studies identified were Chinese and reported benefit from the intervention studied, including multiple gastric lavages, use of norepinephrine or pralidoxime in the lavage fluid, concurrent treatment with naloxone or scopolamine, insertion of the gastric tube via a laparotomy incision, and lavage later than 12 h post-ingestion. However, only 23 were RCTs and none presented adequate methodology for their quality to be assessed. The patient population and study treatment protocol were not defi...
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predicting outcome using butyrylcholinesterase activity in Organophosphorus Pesticide self poisoning
QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Michael Eddleston, Peter Eyer, Franz Worek, M Rezvi H Sheriff, Nicholas A BuckleyAbstract:BACKGROUND: The usefulness of a low butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity on admission for predicting severity in acute Organophosphorus (OP) insecticide poisoning has long been debated. Previous studies have been confounded by the inclusion of multiple insecticides with differing inhibitory kinetics. AIM: We aimed to assess the usefulness of admission BuChE activity, together with plasma OP concentration, for predicting death with two specific Organophosphorus insecticides. DESIGN: A prospective cohort of self-poisoned patients. METHODS: We prospectively studied 91 and 208 patients with proven dimethoate or chlorpyrifos self-poisoning treated using a standard protocol. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity and OP concentration were measured on admission and clinical outcomes recorded. RESULTS: The usefulness of a plasma BuChE activity Language: en
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management of acute Organophosphorus Pesticide poisoning
The Lancet, 2008Co-Authors: Michael Eddleston, Nicholas A Buckley, Peter Eyer, Andrew H DawsonAbstract:Summary Organophosphorus Pesticide self-poisoning is an important clinical problem in rural regions of the developing world, and kills an estimated 200 000 people every year. Unintentional poisoning kills far fewer people but is a problem in places where highly toxic Organophosphorus Pesticides are available. Medical management is difficult, with case fatality generally more than 15%. We describe the limited evidence that can guide therapy and the factors that should be considered when designing further clinical studies. 50 years after first use, we still do not know how the core treatments—atropine, oximes, and diazepam—should best be given. Important constraints in the collection of useful data have included the late recognition of great variability in activity and action of the individual Pesticides, and the care needed cholinesterase assays for results to be comparable between studies. However, consensus suggests that early resuscitation with atropine, oxygen, respiratory support, and fluids is needed to improve oxygen delivery to tissues. The role of oximes is not completely clear; they might benefit only patients poisoned by specific Pesticides or patients with moderate poisoning. Small studies suggest benefit from new treatments such as magnesium sulphate, but much larger trials are needed. Gastric lavage could have a role but should only be undertaken once the patient is stable. Randomised controlled trials are underway in rural Asia to assess the effectiveness of these therapies. However, some Organophosphorus Pesticides might prove very difficult to treat with current therapies, such that bans on particular Pesticides could be the only method to substantially reduce the case fatality after poisoning. Improved medical management of Organophosphorus poisoning should result in a reduction in worldwide deaths from suicide.
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management of acute Organophosphorus Pesticide poisoning commentary
The Lancet, 2008Co-Authors: Peter Eyer, Michael Eddleston, Nicholas A Buckley, Florian Eyer, Andrew H DawsonAbstract:Organophosphorus Pesticide self-poisoning is an important clinical problem in rural regions of the developing world, and kills an estimated 200000 people every year. Unintentional poisoning kills far fewer people but is a problem in places where highly toxic Organophosphorus Pesticides are available. Medical management is difficult, with case fatality generally more than 15%. We describe the limited evidence that can guide therapy and the factors that should be considered when designing further clinical studies. 50 years after first use, we still do not know how the core treatments-atropine, oximes, and diazepam-should best be given. Important constraints in the collection of useful data have included the late recognition of great variability in activity and action of the individual Pesticides, and the care needed cholinesterase assays for results to be comparable between studies. However, consensus suggests that early resuscitation with atropine, oxygen, respiratory support, and fluids is needed to improve oxygen delivery to tissues. The role of oximes is not completely dear; they might benefit only patients poisoned by specific Pesticides or patients with moderate poisoning. Small studies suggest benefit from new treatments such as magnesium sulphate, but much larger trials are needed. Gastric lavage could have a role but should only be undertaken once the patient is stable. Randomised controlled trials are underway in rural Asia to assess the effectiveness of these therapies. However, some Organophosphorus Pesticides might prove very difficult to treat with current therapies, such that bans on particular Pesticides could be the only method to substantially reduce the case fatality after poisoning. Improved medical management of Organophosphorus poisoning should result in a reduction in worldwide deaths from suicide.
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respiratory failure in acute Organophosphorus Pesticide self poisoning
QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Michael Eddleston, Fahim Mohamed, Jamie Davies, Peter Eyer, Franz Worek, M H R Sheriff, Nicholas A BuckleyAbstract:Background: Acute Organophosphorus (OP) Pesticide poisoning is a major clinical problem in the developing world. Textbooks ascribe most deaths to respiratory failure occurring in one of two distinct clinical syndromes - acute cholinergic respiratory failure or the intermediate syndrome. The delayed failure appears to be due to respiratory muscle weakness, but its pathophysiology is not yet clear. Aim: To describe the clinical patterns of OP-induced respiratory failure and to determine whether the two syndromes are clinically distinct. Design: Prospective cohort study of 376 patients with confirmed OP poisoning. Methods: Patients were observed throughout their admission to three Sri Lankan hospitals. Exposure was confirmed by butyrylcholinesterase and blood OP assays. Results: Ninety of 376 patients (24%) required intubation, 52 (58%) within 2 hrs of admission while unconscious with cholinergic features. Twenty-nine (32%) were well on admission but then required intubation after 24 hrs while conscious and without cholinergic features. These two syndromes were not clinically distinct and had much overlap. In particular, some patients who required intubation on arrival subsequently recovered conscious but could not be extubated, requiring ventilation for up to 6 days. Discussion: Respiratory failure did not occur as two discrete clinical syndromes within distinct time frames. Instead, the pattern of failure was variable and overlapped in some patients. There seemed to be two underlying mechanisms - an early acute mixed central and peripheral respiratory failure, and a late peripheral respiratory failure - rather than two defined clinical syndromes.
Annamalai Senthil Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new strategy for direct electrochemical sensing of a Organophosphorus Pesticide triazophos using a coomassie brilliant blue dye surface confined carbon black nanoparticle modified electrode
ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2018Co-Authors: K Shalini S Devi, Natarajan Anusha, Sudhakaran Raja, Annamalai Senthil KumarAbstract:Triazophos, O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phosphorothioate (TPZ), an Organophosphorus Pesticide, has been widely used in agriculture to control pests, insects, and some nematodes (roundworms). Unfortunately, it has been found that a significant trace of the Pesticide residue enters into the agricultural products and creates a major health threat to human. In order to selectively detect the TZP Pesticide in real samples, several indirect and time-consuming analytical assays based on acetylcholinesterase enzymes, affinity-based antibody systems, and molecularly imprinted polymers, apart from the separation-coupled mass spectrophotometer, have been demonstrated. For the first time in the literature, we report a direct electrochemical method for the selective and quick detection of TZP based on electrocatalytic oxidation by a Coomassie brilliant-blue dye surface-confined carbon-black-nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CBnano@CoomBB) in a pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. GCE/CBna...
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A New Strategy for Direct Electrochemical Sensing of a Organophosphorus Pesticide, Triazophos, Using a Coomassie Brilliant-Blue Dye Surface-Confined Carbon-Black-Nanoparticle-Modified Electrode
2018Co-Authors: K Shalini S Devi, Natarajan Anusha, Sudhakaran Raja, Annamalai Senthil KumarAbstract:Triazophos, O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phosphorothioate (TPZ), an Organophosphorus Pesticide, has been widely used in agriculture to control pests, insects, and some nematodes (roundworms). Unfortunately, it has been found that a significant trace of the Pesticide residue enters into the agricultural products and creates a major health threat to human. In order to selectively detect the TZP Pesticide in real samples, several indirect and time-consuming analytical assays based on acetylcholinesterase enzymes, affinity-based antibody systems, and molecularly imprinted polymers, apart from the separation-coupled mass spectrophotometer, have been demonstrated. For the first time in the literature, we report a direct electrochemical method for the selective and quick detection of TZP based on electrocatalytic oxidation by a Coomassie brilliant-blue dye surface-confined carbon-black-nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CBnano@CoomBB) in a pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. GCE/CBnano@CoomBB showed a stable and highly redox-active peak at E°′ = 0.15 V versus Ag/AgCl suitable for selective mediation of the TZP oxidation reaction. The quinonoid form of CoomBB and its strong π–π interaction with CBnano are found to be key parameters for the electrochemical TZP oxidation. Initially, amperometric i–t sensing at an applied potential, 0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl, was demonstrated for the highly selective detection of TZP without any interference from common chemicals like uric acid, ascorbic acid, cysteine, nitrite, hydrazine, sulfide, citric acid, and hydrogen peroxide and other Pesticides like cypermythrin, propenofos, deltramethrin, parathion, and monocrotophous. Further, this new electrochemical system was exploited to flow-injection analysis of TZP with a working volume of 20 μL. The calibration plot is linear in a window of TZP concentration of 16–632 ng/20 μL with a detection limit value of 119 pg/20 μL. Application of this technique is further demonstrated by detecting the TZP content in a couple of simulated vegetable samples with appreciable recovery values
Nishima Wangoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of Organophosphorus Pesticide malathion in environmental samples using peptide and aptamer based nanoprobes
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Rajni Bala, Rohit K Sharma, Suman Dhingra, Munish Kumar, Kavita Bansal, Sherry Mittal, Nishima WangooAbstract:Abstract The contamination of environment with Pesticides residues has necessitated the development of rapid, easy and highly sensitive approaches for the detection of Pesticides. Thus, the prime objective of the present strategy was sensing of malathion, a toxic Organophosphorus Pesticide, widely used in agricultural fields, employing aptamer, cationic peptide and unmodified gold nanoparticles. The role of peptide was carefully evaluated to exploit its potential in colorimetric detection of Pesticides. The peptide, when linked to the aptamer renders the gold nanoparticles free and therefore, red in color. However, when the aptamer is associated with malathion, the peptide remains available to cause the aggregation of the nanoparticles and turn the suspension blue. The methodology utilizes the optical changes of the gold nanoparticles for the colorimetric detection of malathion. The method was found to be linear in the range of 0.01–0.75 nM with a limit of detection as 1.94 pM which is significantly lower than the other available reports. Moreover, the sensitivity of the developed nanoparticle based peptide aptasensor was tested in real samples and the results implied the high practicability of the method. Therefore, the present approach may pave a way for the sensitive, yet simple detection of different analytes without the need of expensive instrumentation.
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development of gold nanoparticles based aptasensor for the colorimetric detection of Organophosphorus Pesticide phorate
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Rajni Bala, Rohit K Sharma, Nishima WangooAbstract:The present study reports a highly simple and rapid method for the detection of a widely used and extremely toxic Organophosphorus Pesticide, phorate. The detection employs a Pesticide-specific aptamer as the recognition element and gold nanoparticles as the optical sensors. The aptamer, owing to its random coil structure, provides stability to the gold nanoparticles upon linking, thereby keeping the nanoparticles well dispersed. However, on the addition of the target Pesticide, the aptamer acquires a rigid conformation resulting in the aggregation of the gold nanoparticles. Consequently, the color of the solution changes from red to blue and is easily observable with the naked eye. The proposed method was linear in the concentration range of 0.01 nM to 1.3 μm with the limit of detection as low as 0.01 nM. Moreover, the proposed assay selectively recognized phorate in the presence of other interfering substances and, thus, can be applied to real samples for the rapid and efficient screening of phorate.
Despina Tsipi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide residues in greek virgin olive oil by capillary gas chromatography
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Anastasia Hiskia, Markela E Atmajidou, Despina TsipiAbstract:In this study, the occurrence of 15 Organophosphorus Pesticide residues in Greek virgin olive oil was investigated. Analysis was carried out using capillary gas chromatography with specific detectors (FPD and NPD), after sample extraction with n-hexane and cleanup by partitioning between n-hexane and acetonitrile. Sixty-two samples of virgin olive oil were taken from the major production areas and packing companies of Greece during 1992-1994. In 46 samples, 9 Organophosphorus Pesticides, namely dimethoate, fenthion, omethoate, chlorpyrifos, methamidophos, parathion-methyl, parathion, methidathion, and malathion, were found, in concentrations ranging from 0.0005 to 0.1800 mg/kg. Diazinon, pirimiphos-methyl, paraoxon-methyl, malaoxon, carbophenothion, and azinphos-ethyl were not detected in any sample. In most samples Pesticide residues were below the detection limits (0.0001 and 0.001 mg/kg), and most of the positive findings were a fraction (i.e., <0.09-18%) of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius maximum residue limits (MRLs) except for dimethoate, which was ranged between 1 and 45%. Only one sample contained dimethoate residue that exceeded the Codex MRL for refined olive oil.
K Shalini S Devi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new strategy for direct electrochemical sensing of a Organophosphorus Pesticide triazophos using a coomassie brilliant blue dye surface confined carbon black nanoparticle modified electrode
ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2018Co-Authors: K Shalini S Devi, Natarajan Anusha, Sudhakaran Raja, Annamalai Senthil KumarAbstract:Triazophos, O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phosphorothioate (TPZ), an Organophosphorus Pesticide, has been widely used in agriculture to control pests, insects, and some nematodes (roundworms). Unfortunately, it has been found that a significant trace of the Pesticide residue enters into the agricultural products and creates a major health threat to human. In order to selectively detect the TZP Pesticide in real samples, several indirect and time-consuming analytical assays based on acetylcholinesterase enzymes, affinity-based antibody systems, and molecularly imprinted polymers, apart from the separation-coupled mass spectrophotometer, have been demonstrated. For the first time in the literature, we report a direct electrochemical method for the selective and quick detection of TZP based on electrocatalytic oxidation by a Coomassie brilliant-blue dye surface-confined carbon-black-nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CBnano@CoomBB) in a pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. GCE/CBna...
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A New Strategy for Direct Electrochemical Sensing of a Organophosphorus Pesticide, Triazophos, Using a Coomassie Brilliant-Blue Dye Surface-Confined Carbon-Black-Nanoparticle-Modified Electrode
2018Co-Authors: K Shalini S Devi, Natarajan Anusha, Sudhakaran Raja, Annamalai Senthil KumarAbstract:Triazophos, O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phosphorothioate (TPZ), an Organophosphorus Pesticide, has been widely used in agriculture to control pests, insects, and some nematodes (roundworms). Unfortunately, it has been found that a significant trace of the Pesticide residue enters into the agricultural products and creates a major health threat to human. In order to selectively detect the TZP Pesticide in real samples, several indirect and time-consuming analytical assays based on acetylcholinesterase enzymes, affinity-based antibody systems, and molecularly imprinted polymers, apart from the separation-coupled mass spectrophotometer, have been demonstrated. For the first time in the literature, we report a direct electrochemical method for the selective and quick detection of TZP based on electrocatalytic oxidation by a Coomassie brilliant-blue dye surface-confined carbon-black-nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CBnano@CoomBB) in a pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. GCE/CBnano@CoomBB showed a stable and highly redox-active peak at E°′ = 0.15 V versus Ag/AgCl suitable for selective mediation of the TZP oxidation reaction. The quinonoid form of CoomBB and its strong π–π interaction with CBnano are found to be key parameters for the electrochemical TZP oxidation. Initially, amperometric i–t sensing at an applied potential, 0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl, was demonstrated for the highly selective detection of TZP without any interference from common chemicals like uric acid, ascorbic acid, cysteine, nitrite, hydrazine, sulfide, citric acid, and hydrogen peroxide and other Pesticides like cypermythrin, propenofos, deltramethrin, parathion, and monocrotophous. Further, this new electrochemical system was exploited to flow-injection analysis of TZP with a working volume of 20 μL. The calibration plot is linear in a window of TZP concentration of 16–632 ng/20 μL with a detection limit value of 119 pg/20 μL. Application of this technique is further demonstrated by detecting the TZP content in a couple of simulated vegetable samples with appreciable recovery values