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Uzi Ravid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enantiomeric composition of e and z sabinene hydrate and their acetates in five Origanum spp
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Olga Larkov, Anat Zada, Lilia Freiman, Ezra Dunkelblum, Efraim Lewinsohn, Nativ Dudai, Uzi RavidAbstract:The enantiomers of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate from extracts of Origanum ramonense Danin, O. dayi Post, O. majorana L., O. vulgare L. ssp. vulgare and O. syriacum L. ssp. syriacum were analysed by GC–MS with chiral and non-chiral capillary columns. The order of elution, the enantiomeric ratios and relative percentages of the four pairs of enantiomers were determined. The (1S)-enantiomers of (E)-sabinene hydrate and (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate were predominant in O. dayi, whereas in the other Origanum spp. the (1R)-enantiomers were predominant. (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate was not detected in O. syriacum, while the (1R)-enantiomer was present in an optically pure form in O. ramonense, O. majorana and O. vulgare; in O. dayi the enantiomeric purity was 97%. The enantiomeric distributions of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and their acetates were determined for the first time in Origanum spp. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Enantiomeric composition of (E)‐ and (Z)‐sabinene hydrate and their acetates in five Origanum spp.
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Olga Larkov, Anat Zada, Lilia Freiman, Ezra Dunkelblum, Efraim Lewinsohn, Nativ Dudai, Uzi RavidAbstract:The enantiomers of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate from extracts of Origanum ramonense Danin, O. dayi Post, O. majorana L., O. vulgare L. ssp. vulgare and O. syriacum L. ssp. syriacum were analysed by GC–MS with chiral and non-chiral capillary columns. The order of elution, the enantiomeric ratios and relative percentages of the four pairs of enantiomers were determined. The (1S)-enantiomers of (E)-sabinene hydrate and (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate were predominant in O. dayi, whereas in the other Origanum spp. the (1R)-enantiomers were predominant. (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate was not detected in O. syriacum, while the (1R)-enantiomer was present in an optically pure form in O. ramonense, O. majorana and O. vulgare; in O. dayi the enantiomeric purity was 97%. The enantiomeric distributions of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and their acetates were determined for the first time in Origanum spp. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Harry G. Preuss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Minimum inhibitory concentrations of herbal essential oils and monolaurin for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Harry G. Preuss, Bobby Echard, Mary Enig, Itzhak Brook, Thomas B. ElliottAbstract:New, safe antimicrobial agents are needed to prevent and overcome severe bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Based on our previous experience and that of others, we postulated that herbal essential oils, such as those of Origanum, and monolaurin offer such possibilities. We examined in vitro the cidal and/or static effects of oil of Origanum, several other essential oils, and monolaurin on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori , and Mycobacterium terrae . Origanum proved cidal to all tested organisms with the exception of B. anthracis Sterne in which it was static. Monolaurin was cidal to S. aureus and M. terrae but not to E. coli and K. pneumoniae . Unlike the other two gram-negative organisms, H. pylori were extremely sensitive to monolaurin. Similar to Origanum, monolaurin was static to B. anthracis Sterne . Because of their longstanding safety record, Origanum and/or monolaurin, alone or combined with antibiotics, might prove useful in the prevention and treatment of severe bacterial infections, especially those that are difficult to treat and/or are antibiotic resistant.
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Antifungal activities of Origanum oil against Candida albicans
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Vijaya Manohar, Cass Ingram, Judy Gray, Nadeem Talpur, Bobby Echard, Debasis Bagchi, Harry G. PreussAbstract:The antimicrobial properties of volatile aromatic oils from medicinal as well as other edible plants has been recognized since antiquity. Origanum oil, which is used as a food flavoring agent, possesses a broad spectrum of in vitro antimicrobial activities attributed to the high content of phenolic derivatives such as carvacrol and thymol. In the present study, antifungal properties of Origanum oil were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Using Candida albicans in broth cultures and a micro dilution method, comparative efficacy of Origanum oil, carvacrol, nystatin and amphotericin B were examined in vitro. Origanum oil at 0.25 mg/ml was found to completely inhibit the growth of C. albicans in culture. Growth inhibitions of 75% and >50% were observed at 0.125 mg/ml and 0.0625 mg/ml level, respectively. In addition, both the germination and the mycelial growth of C. albicans were found to be inhibited by Origanum oil and carvacrol in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of Origanum oil was examined in an experimental murine systemic candidiasis model. Groups of mice (n = 6) infected with C. albicans (5 × LD50) were fed varying amounts of Origanum oil in a final vol. of 0.1 ml of olive oil (vehicle). The daily administration of 8.6 mg of Origanum oil in 100 μl of olive oil/kg body weight for 30 days resulted in 80% survivability, with no renal burden of C. albicans as opposed to the group of mice fed olive oil alone, who died within 10 days. Similar results were obtained with carvacrol. However, mice fed Origanum oil exhibited cosmetically better clinical appearance compared to those cured with carvacrol. The results from our study encourage examination of the efficacy of Origanum oil in other forms of systemic and superficial fungal infections and exploration of its broad spectrum effect against other pathogenic manifestations including malignancy.
Johannes Novak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The complete chloroplast genome of Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae)
Gene, 2013Co-Authors: Brigitte Lukas, Johannes NovakAbstract:Abstract Oregano (Origanum vulgare L., Lamiaceae) is a medicinal and aromatic plant maybe best known for flavouring pizza. New applications e.g. as natural antioxidants for food are emerging due to the plants' high antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Origanum vulgare (GenBank/EBML/DDBJ accession number: JX880022 ) consists of 151,935 bp and includes a pair of inverted repeats (IR) of 25,527 bp separated by one small and one large single copy region (SSC and LSC) of 17,745 and 83,136 bp, respectively. The genome with an overall GC content of 38% hosts 114 genes that covering 63% of the genome of which 8% were introns. The comparison of the Origanum cp genome with the cp genomes of two other core lamiales (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Sesamum indicum L.) revealed completely conserved protein-coding regions in the IR region but also in the LSC and SSC regions. Phylogenetic analysis of the lamiids based on 56 protein-coding genes give a hint at the basic structure of the Lamiales. However, further genomes will be necessary to clarify this taxonomically complicated order. The variability of the cp within the genus Origanum, studied exemplarily on 16 different chloroplast DNA regions, demonstrated that in 14 regions analyzed, the variability was extremely low (max. 0.7%), while only two regions showed a moderate variability of up to 2.3%. The cp genome of Origanum vulgare contains 27 perfect mononucleotide repeats (number of repeats > 9) consisting exclusively of the nucleotides A or T. 34 perfect repeats (repeat lengths > 1 and number of repeats > 3) were found, of which 32 were di-, and 2 were trinucleotide repeats.
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Complex evolutionary relationships in Origanum section Majorana (Lamiaceae)
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013Co-Authors: Brigitte Lukas, Rosabelle Samuel, Eduard Mader, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer, Hayri Duman, Johannes NovakAbstract:Origanum (Lamiaceae) comprises a number of essential oil-rich species that have been used by humans for centuries. Today, the four species of section Majorana (O. onites, O. dubium, O. majorana and O. syriacum) are amongst the most widely used. Despite the importance of this section, phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries amongst its four taxa are unclear. In the present investigation, we used DNA sequence data from two nuclear regions [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS)] as well as five microsatellite loci to test the taxonomic status of the four species of section Majorana. The combined DNA data revealed O. onites and O. syriacum as the older species in the section. Origanum majorana descends directly from O. syriacum. Origanum dubium was found to be of hybridogenous origin showing attributes of O. onites, O. syriacum and a third, unknown, Origanum species. Both sequence and microsatellite analyses provided evidence for recent hybridization between O. onites and O. dubium in Turkey. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 667–686.
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Temperature influences thymol and carvacrol differentially in Origanum spp. (Lamiaceae).
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2010Co-Authors: Johannes Novak, Brigitte Lukas, Chlodwig FranzAbstract:Abstract The composition of secondary metabolites is often modified by environment and ontogenesis. To explicitly study the Influence of temperature on essential oil compositions, experiments on a hybrid of Origanum vulgare x Origanum majorana (containing both major monoterpene pathways of the genus Origanum, ‘sabinyl’ and ‘cymyl’-pathway) and on Origanum syriacum ssp. syriacum (only ‘cymyl’-pathway) were conducted in growth chambers. Clonally propagated plants were grown at three different temperature levels and the solvent extracts analyzed by GC/MS for their composition of essential oil compounds. The major ‘sabinyl’ compound cis-sabinene hydrate was not influenced by temperature, while temperature significantly influenced thymol and carvacrol and other essential oil compounds. Although thymol and carvacrol are closely related monoterpene phenols, they reacted to varying levels of temperature in an opposite way. Thymol increased with decreasing temperatures while carvacrol increased with increasing tem...
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Identification and characterization of simple sequence repeat markers from a glandular Origanum vulgare expressed sequence tag.
Molecular ecology resources, 2008Co-Authors: Johannes Novak, Brigitte Lukas, Kerstin Bolzer, Sabine Grausgruber-gröger, Jörg DegenhardtAbstract:Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and marjoram (Origanum majorana) are two sensorial distinct spices within the genus Origanum (Lamiaceae). Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of essential oil glands of O. vulgare. Thirteen EST-SSR loci were evaluated using 20 individual plants of O. vulgare and 19 plants of Origanum majorana. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to four. All loci developed from O. vulgare successfully cross-amplified in O. majorana.
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Inheritance of calyx shape in the genus Origanum (Lamiaceae)
Plant Breeding, 2002Co-Authors: Johannes Novak, D. Gimplinger, Ch. FranzAbstract:Five different traits responsible for calyx shape within the genus Origanum were found to be determined by five independent genes. The five traits are bell-shaped vs. tubular-shaped calyx, angular vs. round teeth on the upper lip, entire vs. denticulate upper lip, fully developed vs. reduced lower lip and entire vs. denticulate lower lip. The simple Mendelian inheritance of most traits for calyx shape could be used to identify hybrids between Origanum species arising from open-pollinated plants and so avoid tedious artificial pollination resulting from small flower sizes in Origanum. Such hybrids are interesting base material for character transfer (e.g. winter hardiness or seed size) between economically important species.
Olga Larkov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enantiomeric composition of e and z sabinene hydrate and their acetates in five Origanum spp
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Olga Larkov, Anat Zada, Lilia Freiman, Ezra Dunkelblum, Efraim Lewinsohn, Nativ Dudai, Uzi RavidAbstract:The enantiomers of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate from extracts of Origanum ramonense Danin, O. dayi Post, O. majorana L., O. vulgare L. ssp. vulgare and O. syriacum L. ssp. syriacum were analysed by GC–MS with chiral and non-chiral capillary columns. The order of elution, the enantiomeric ratios and relative percentages of the four pairs of enantiomers were determined. The (1S)-enantiomers of (E)-sabinene hydrate and (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate were predominant in O. dayi, whereas in the other Origanum spp. the (1R)-enantiomers were predominant. (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate was not detected in O. syriacum, while the (1R)-enantiomer was present in an optically pure form in O. ramonense, O. majorana and O. vulgare; in O. dayi the enantiomeric purity was 97%. The enantiomeric distributions of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and their acetates were determined for the first time in Origanum spp. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Enantiomeric composition of (E)‐ and (Z)‐sabinene hydrate and their acetates in five Origanum spp.
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Olga Larkov, Anat Zada, Lilia Freiman, Ezra Dunkelblum, Efraim Lewinsohn, Nativ Dudai, Uzi RavidAbstract:The enantiomers of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate from extracts of Origanum ramonense Danin, O. dayi Post, O. majorana L., O. vulgare L. ssp. vulgare and O. syriacum L. ssp. syriacum were analysed by GC–MS with chiral and non-chiral capillary columns. The order of elution, the enantiomeric ratios and relative percentages of the four pairs of enantiomers were determined. The (1S)-enantiomers of (E)-sabinene hydrate and (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate were predominant in O. dayi, whereas in the other Origanum spp. the (1R)-enantiomers were predominant. (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate was not detected in O. syriacum, while the (1R)-enantiomer was present in an optically pure form in O. ramonense, O. majorana and O. vulgare; in O. dayi the enantiomeric purity was 97%. The enantiomeric distributions of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and their acetates were determined for the first time in Origanum spp. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lilia Freiman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enantiomeric composition of e and z sabinene hydrate and their acetates in five Origanum spp
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Olga Larkov, Anat Zada, Lilia Freiman, Ezra Dunkelblum, Efraim Lewinsohn, Nativ Dudai, Uzi RavidAbstract:The enantiomers of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate from extracts of Origanum ramonense Danin, O. dayi Post, O. majorana L., O. vulgare L. ssp. vulgare and O. syriacum L. ssp. syriacum were analysed by GC–MS with chiral and non-chiral capillary columns. The order of elution, the enantiomeric ratios and relative percentages of the four pairs of enantiomers were determined. The (1S)-enantiomers of (E)-sabinene hydrate and (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate were predominant in O. dayi, whereas in the other Origanum spp. the (1R)-enantiomers were predominant. (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate was not detected in O. syriacum, while the (1R)-enantiomer was present in an optically pure form in O. ramonense, O. majorana and O. vulgare; in O. dayi the enantiomeric purity was 97%. The enantiomeric distributions of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and their acetates were determined for the first time in Origanum spp. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Enantiomeric composition of (E)‐ and (Z)‐sabinene hydrate and their acetates in five Origanum spp.
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Olga Larkov, Anat Zada, Lilia Freiman, Ezra Dunkelblum, Efraim Lewinsohn, Nativ Dudai, Uzi RavidAbstract:The enantiomers of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate from extracts of Origanum ramonense Danin, O. dayi Post, O. majorana L., O. vulgare L. ssp. vulgare and O. syriacum L. ssp. syriacum were analysed by GC–MS with chiral and non-chiral capillary columns. The order of elution, the enantiomeric ratios and relative percentages of the four pairs of enantiomers were determined. The (1S)-enantiomers of (E)-sabinene hydrate and (E)-sabinene hydrate acetate were predominant in O. dayi, whereas in the other Origanum spp. the (1R)-enantiomers were predominant. (Z)-sabinene hydrate acetate was not detected in O. syriacum, while the (1R)-enantiomer was present in an optically pure form in O. ramonense, O. majorana and O. vulgare; in O. dayi the enantiomeric purity was 97%. The enantiomeric distributions of (E)- and (Z)-sabinene hydrate and their acetates were determined for the first time in Origanum spp. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
