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Jens Loel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relevance of Osmotic and Frost Protecting Compounds for the Winter Hardiness of Autumn Sown Sugar Beet
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2014Co-Authors: Jens Loel, C. M. HoffmannAbstract:The cultivation of autumn sown sugar beet (Winter beet) is supposed to result in a marked yield increase compared with spring sown sugar beet. Although the importance of the growth stage reached before Winter for the survival of autumn sown sugar beet has already been shown, it is not clear to which extent osmotic and potentially frost protecting compounds may contribute to Winter Hardiness. The study thus aimed to analyse the acclimatization process of sugar beet to low temperatures and to identify compounds which are important for survival of frost. Field trials with autumn sown sugar beet were conducted at eleven environments in Germany from 2009/10 to 2012/13, which were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with controlled temperature regimes. In the field trials, the survival rates after Winter varied from 0 % to 99 %, but only in four environments differences between the five genotypes occurred. During acclimatization, betaine, glutamine, proline and raffinose were markedly accumulated and osmolality was enhanced. In particular betaine, amino acids and osmolality showed a positive correlation to the survival rate and were thus identified as potentially frost protecting substances for sugar beet. In contrast, raffinose and proline seem to act rather as stress indicators as they were negatively related to survival. Possible frost protecting substances were identified which can be used in breeding to improve the Winter Hardiness of sugar beet.
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Importance of growth stage and weather conditions for the Winter Hardiness of autumn sown sugar beet
Field Crops Research, 2014Co-Authors: Jens Loel, Christa M. HoffmannAbstract:Abstract The cultivation of sugar beet as a Winter crop harvested in autumn of the next year is expected to contribute to a marked yield increase. Sown in autumn the plants have to survive frost during the Winter. The study thus aimed to characterize the optimal growth stage, in which maximum Winter Hardiness is reached, and to determine the lowest temperature sugar beet plants can survive in this optimal growth stage. Furthermore, the importance of weather conditions (temperature, snow) in relation to the growth stage of the plants was assessed with a PCA (principle component analysis). From 2009 to 2012 field trials with 5 genotypes at 3 locations in Germany were conducted, which were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with controlled frost experiments. The survival rate after Winter was mainly affected by the environment (year × location, 93%), while the genotype effect (1%) was rather low. An optimal growth stage for maximum survival was determined at a thermal time after sowing of 600–900 °Cd (base temperature 3 °C). The greenhouse experiments revealed that in this optimal growth stage the plants survived a minimum temperature of −7 °C (−6 °C to −8 °C). In the field trials, the impact of the growth stage reached before frost (46%) on the survival rate after Winter was considerably higher than the actual weather conditions during Winter (17%). In particular too much advanced growth (dry matter yield of root and leaves, root diameter) resulted in a high susceptibility for frost damage. Regarding the weather conditions, the number of frost days with snow and the minimum temperature during Winter without snow had the highest importance for survival. The knowledge of the required thermal time to reach maximum Winter Hardiness can be used to optimize the sowing date of autumn sown beets in different environments. However, a conflict may occur between the aim to obtain optimal Winter Hardiness and to reach maximum yield in the next year.
Friedrich J. Kopisch-obuch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EcoTILLING in Beta vulgaris reveals polymorphisms in the FLC -like gene BvFL1 that are associated with annuality and Winter Hardiness
BMC plant biology, 2013Co-Authors: Sebastian L M Frerichmann, Martin Kirchhoff, Christian Jung, Andreas E. Müller, Axel J. Scheidig, Friedrich J. Kopisch-obuchAbstract:Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.) is an important crop for sugar and biomass production in temperate climate regions. Currently sugar beets are sown in spring and harvested in autumn. Autumn-sown sugar beets that are grown for a full year have been regarded as a cropping system to increase the productivity of sugar beet cultivation. However, for the development of these “Winter beets” sufficient Winter Hardiness and a system for bolting control is needed. Both require a thorough understanding of the underlying genetics and its natural variation. We screened a diversity panel of 268 B. vulgaris accessions for three flowering time genes via EcoTILLING. This panel had been tested in the field for bolting behaviour and Winter Hardiness. EcoTILLING identified 20 silent SNPs and one non-synonymous SNP within the genes BTC1, BvFL1 and BvFT1, resulting in 55 haplotypes. Further, we detected associations of nucleotide polymorphisms in BvFL1 with bolting before Winter as well as Winter Hardiness. These data provide the first genetic indication for the function of the FLC homolog BvFL1 in beet. Further, it demonstrates for the first time that EcoTILLING is a powerful method for exploring genetic diversity and allele mining in B. vulgaris.
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Genetic variation for improvement of Winter-Hardiness in sugar beet
Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie, 2012Co-Authors: Martin Kirchhoff, Christian Jung, Friedrich J. Kopisch-obuchAbstract:The cultivation of sugar beet as an autumn sown crop requires an improvement of Winter-Hardiness. To assess the genetic variation of Winter-Hardiness 396 Beta vulgaris accessions in 8 environments in Germany and Belarus were evaluated. The results revealed significant differences of survival rates across accessions, B. vulgaris forms and environments. The observed Winter-Hardiness of the B. vulgaris gene pool is sufficient for the cultivation of autumn-sown sugar beet under mild, maritime Winter conditions. However, for the cultivation of autumn-sown sugar beet under continental conditions an improvement of Winter-Hardiness is mandatory. On a short term scale, Winter-Hardiness of sugar beets can be improved by selection within sugar beets. On a long term scale Winter-Hardiness can be improved by introgression from pre-selected wild beets (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima).
C. M. Hoffmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relevance of Osmotic and Frost Protecting Compounds for the Winter Hardiness of Autumn Sown Sugar Beet
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2014Co-Authors: Jens Loel, C. M. HoffmannAbstract:The cultivation of autumn sown sugar beet (Winter beet) is supposed to result in a marked yield increase compared with spring sown sugar beet. Although the importance of the growth stage reached before Winter for the survival of autumn sown sugar beet has already been shown, it is not clear to which extent osmotic and potentially frost protecting compounds may contribute to Winter Hardiness. The study thus aimed to analyse the acclimatization process of sugar beet to low temperatures and to identify compounds which are important for survival of frost. Field trials with autumn sown sugar beet were conducted at eleven environments in Germany from 2009/10 to 2012/13, which were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with controlled temperature regimes. In the field trials, the survival rates after Winter varied from 0 % to 99 %, but only in four environments differences between the five genotypes occurred. During acclimatization, betaine, glutamine, proline and raffinose were markedly accumulated and osmolality was enhanced. In particular betaine, amino acids and osmolality showed a positive correlation to the survival rate and were thus identified as potentially frost protecting substances for sugar beet. In contrast, raffinose and proline seem to act rather as stress indicators as they were negatively related to survival. Possible frost protecting substances were identified which can be used in breeding to improve the Winter Hardiness of sugar beet.
Christa M. Hoffmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Importance of growth stage and weather conditions for the Winter Hardiness of autumn sown sugar beet
Field Crops Research, 2014Co-Authors: Jens Loel, Christa M. HoffmannAbstract:Abstract The cultivation of sugar beet as a Winter crop harvested in autumn of the next year is expected to contribute to a marked yield increase. Sown in autumn the plants have to survive frost during the Winter. The study thus aimed to characterize the optimal growth stage, in which maximum Winter Hardiness is reached, and to determine the lowest temperature sugar beet plants can survive in this optimal growth stage. Furthermore, the importance of weather conditions (temperature, snow) in relation to the growth stage of the plants was assessed with a PCA (principle component analysis). From 2009 to 2012 field trials with 5 genotypes at 3 locations in Germany were conducted, which were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with controlled frost experiments. The survival rate after Winter was mainly affected by the environment (year × location, 93%), while the genotype effect (1%) was rather low. An optimal growth stage for maximum survival was determined at a thermal time after sowing of 600–900 °Cd (base temperature 3 °C). The greenhouse experiments revealed that in this optimal growth stage the plants survived a minimum temperature of −7 °C (−6 °C to −8 °C). In the field trials, the impact of the growth stage reached before frost (46%) on the survival rate after Winter was considerably higher than the actual weather conditions during Winter (17%). In particular too much advanced growth (dry matter yield of root and leaves, root diameter) resulted in a high susceptibility for frost damage. Regarding the weather conditions, the number of frost days with snow and the minimum temperature during Winter without snow had the highest importance for survival. The knowledge of the required thermal time to reach maximum Winter Hardiness can be used to optimize the sowing date of autumn sown beets in different environments. However, a conflict may occur between the aim to obtain optimal Winter Hardiness and to reach maximum yield in the next year.
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High Degree of Genetic Variation of Winter Hardiness in a Panel of Beta vulgaris L.
Crop Science, 2012Co-Authors: Martin Kirchhoff, Christian Jung, Anna Svirshchevskaya, Christa M. Hoffmann, Axel Schechert, Friedrich J. Kopisch ObuchAbstract:Growing sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris [sugar beet cultivar group]) as a Winter crop requires the development of a Winter sugar beet with controlled bolting and sufficient Winter Hardiness. To evaluate the genetic variation for Winter Hardiness in B. vulgaris L., we determined the survival rate (SR) in a panel of 396 accessions tested in eight overWintering field trials in Germany and Belarus. The panel included the cultivar groups sugar beet, fodder beet, garden beet, and leaf beet, as well as the wild beet B. vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. (BVM). Across all environments the effects of accession, environment, and accession x environment interaction were highly significant. Despite the complexity of the trait, the heritability for SR was estimated as h(2) = 0.81, reflecting a large genetic variation in the panel. Environmental SRs ranged from 0.7 to 86.3% with a grand mean of 28.4%+ In all environments at least one accession completely died while the maximum SR ranged from 39.9 to 100%+ On average, sugar beet accessions performed best while accessions with the highest SR were among BVMs and leaf beets. The largest variation for SR was found in BVMs, followed by the leaf beets, whereas sugar beets showed the smallest variation. Our results suggest that Winter Hardiness in sugar beet is sufficient to survive mild Winters but needs to be improved for continental climates with colder Winters. Whether the limited variation in sugar beet is sufficient for this has to be further investigated.
Marcin Rapacz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is the OJIP Test a Reliable Indicator of Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance of Common Wheat and Triticale under Variable Winter Environments
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Marcin Rapacz, Monika Sasal, Hazem M. Kalaji, Janusz KościelniakAbstract:OJIP analysis, which explores changes in photosystem II (PSII) photochemical performance, has been used as a measure of plant susceptibility to stress. However, in the case of freezing tolerance and Winter Hardiness, which are highly environmentally variable, the use of this method can give ambiguous results depending on the species as well as the sampling year and time. To clarify this issue, we performed chlorophyll fluorescence measurements over three subsequent Winters (2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13) on 220 accessions of common Winter wheat and 139 accessions of Winter triticale. After freezing, leaves were collected from cold-acclimated plants in the laboratory and field-grown plants. Observations of field survival in seven locations across Poland and measurements of freezing tolerance of the studied plants were also recorded. Our results confirm that the OJIP test is a reliable indicator of Winter Hardiness and freezing tolerance of common wheat and triticale under unstable Winter environments. Regardless of species, the testing conditions giving the most reliable results were identical, and the reliability of the test could be easily checked by analysis of some relationships between OJIP-test parameters. We also found that triticale is more Winter hardy and freezing tolerant than wheat. In addition, the two species were characterized by different patterns of photosynthetic apparatus acclimation to cold.
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Locating, and utilising Festuca pratensis genes for Winter Hardiness for the future development of more persistent high quality Lolium cultivars
2009Co-Authors: Arkadiusz Kosmala, Odd Arne Rognli, Z Zwierzykowski, Dagmara Gasior, M. W. Humphreys, Marcin RapaczAbstract:Humphreys, M. W., Gasior, D., Kosmala, A., Rognli, O. A., Zwierzykowski, Z., Rapacz, M. (2005). Locating, and utilising Festuca pratensis genes for Winter Hardiness for the future development of more persistent high quality Lolium cultivars. Page 160 in: Humphreys, M. O.(Ed.), Molecular Breeding for the Genetic Improvement of Forage Crops and Turf. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf. XXth International Grassland Congress, July 2005, Aberystwyth, Wales.
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introgression mapping of genes for Winter Hardiness and frost tolerance transferred from festuca arundinacea into lolium multiflorum
Journal of Heredity, 2007Co-Authors: Arkadiusz Kosmala, Z Zwierzykowski, Dagmara Gasior, Marcin Rapacz, E Zwierzykowska, Michal W Luczak, M W HumphreysAbstract:Genes for Winter Hardiness and frost tolerance were introgressed from Festuca arundinacea into Winter-sensitive Lolium multiflorum. Two partly fertile, pentaploid (2n 5 5x 5 35) F1 hybrids F. arundinacea (2n 5 6x 5 42) � L. multiflorum (2n 5 4x 5 28) were generated and backcrossed twice onto L. multiflorum (2x). The backcross 1 (BC1) and backcross 2 (BC2) plants were preselected for high vigor and good fertility, and subsequently, a total of 83 BC2 plants were selected for Winter Hardiness after 2 Polish Winters and by simulated freezing tests. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was performed on 6 Winter-hardy plants selected after the first Winter and shown to be significantly (P , 0.05) more frost tolerant than theL. multiflorum control. Among the analyzed BC2 Winter survivors, only diploid (2n 5 2x 5 14) plants were found. Five plants carried 13 intact L. multiflorum chromosomes and 1 L. multiflorum chromosome with a single introgressed F. arundinacea terminal chromosome segment. The sixth BC2 Winter survivor appeared to be Lolium without any Festuca introgression capable of detection by GISH. A combined GISH and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with rDNA probes of the most Winter-hardy (after 2 Winters) and frost-tolerant BC2 plant revealed the location of an F. arundinacea introgression on the nonsatellite arm of L. multiflorum chromosome 2, the same chromosome location reported previously as a site for frost tolerance genes in the diploid and Winter-hardy species Festuca pratensis.
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variation for Winter Hardiness generated by androgenesis from festuca pratensis lolium multiflorum amphidiploid cultivars with different Winter susceptibility
Euphytica, 2005Co-Authors: Marcin Rapacz, Z Zwierzykowski, Dagmara Gasior, M. W. Humphreys, A Plazek, A LeśniewskabocianowskaAbstract:Androgenic populations produced from three Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 28) cultivars show wide within population variation for Winter Hardiness. Populations comprising a total of 423 androgenic plants derived from 23 donor plants from 3 Polish F. pratensis × L. multiflorum cultivars Felopa, Sulino, and Rakopan were studied over 3 years (1999–2002) in a field experiment at Lopuszna, Poland (20∘08′E, 49∘28′N, altitude 568 m). The results indicate that despite differences in Winter Hardiness between the three amphidiploid cultivars, the mean Winter Hardiness of androgenic progeny from each cultivar was the same. Thus an androgenesis component in a plant breeding programme may provide an opportunity to recover Winter hardy genotypes from high yielding cultivars that are themselves adapted poorly to stress conditions. Androgenesis also evoked variation in snow mould resistance. In this case, androgenic plants with the greatest snow mould resistance were recovered from the least Winter hardy donor cultivars and plants. The results indicated the low importance of snow mould resistance as a component of Winter Hardiness under the field conditions used for these experiments.
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Variation for Winter Hardiness generated by androgenesis from Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid cultivars with different Winter susceptibility
Euphytica, 2005Co-Authors: Marcin Rapacz, Z Zwierzykowski, Dagmara Gasior, M. W. Humphreys, A Plazek, A. Leśniewska-bocianowskaAbstract:Rapacz, M., Gasior, D., Humphreys, M. W., Zwierzykowski, Z., Plazek, A., Lesniewska-Bocianowska, A. (2005). Variation for Winter Hardiness generated by androgenesis from Festuca pratensis x Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid cultivars with different Winter susceptibility.? Euphytica, 142 (1-2), 65-73Androgenic populations produced from three Festuca pratensis ? Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 28) cultivars show wide within population variation for Winter Hardiness. Populations comprising a total of 423 androgenic plants derived from 23 donor plants from 3 Polish F. pratensis ? L. multiflorum cultivars Felopa, Sulino, and Rakopan were studied over 3 years (1999?2002) in a field experiment at Lopuszna, Poland (2008E, 4928N, altitude 568 m). The results indicate that despite differences in Winter Hardiness between the three amphidiploid cultivars, the mean Winter Hardiness of androgenic progeny from each cultivar was the same. Thus an androgenesis component in a plant breeding programme may provide an opportunity to recover Winter hardy genotypes from high yielding cultivars that are themselves adapted poorly to stress conditions. Androgenesis also evoked variation in snow mould resistance. In this case, androgenic plants with the greatest snow mould resistance were recovered from the least Winter hardy donor cultivars and plants. The results indicated the low importance of snow mould resistance as a component of Winter Hardiness under the field conditions used for these experiments.Peer reviewe
