The Experts below are selected from a list of 115413 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Simon Gregson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extended family s and women s roles in safeguarding Orphans education in aids afflicted rural zimbabwe
Social Science & Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Constance Nyamukapa, Simon GregsonAbstract:The extended family forms the basis for orphan care and education in sub-Saharan Africa. Initial absence followed by emergence of differentials in primary school enrolment between Orphans and non-Orphans have been attributed to the strength and subsequent HIV/AIDS-induced breakdown of extended family orphan care arrangements. Yet, few attempts have been made to describe how these arrangements are affected by HIV/AIDS or how they relate to observed patterns of childhood outcomes by sex and orphan status. We use a combination of quantitative and qualitative data to show that maternal Orphans but not paternal or double Orphans have lower primary school completion rates than non-Orphans in rural Zimbabwe, and that these patterns reflect adaptations and gaps in extended family orphan care arrangements. Sustained high levels of primary school completion amongst paternal and double Orphans--particularly for girls--result from increased residence in female-headed households and greater access to external resources. Low primary school completion amongst maternal Orphans results from lack of support from fathers and stepmothers and ineligibility for welfare assistance due to residence in higher socio-economic status households. These effects are partially offset by increased assistance from maternal relatives. These findings indicate that programmes should assist maternal Orphans and support women's efforts by reinforcing the roles of extended families and local communities, and by facilitating greater self-sufficiency.
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orphan prevalence and extended family care in a peri urban community in zimbabwe
Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids\ hiv, 1995Co-Authors: G Foster, Simon Gregson, R Shakespeare, F Chinemana, H Jackson, C Marange, S MashumbaAbstract:An orphan enumeration survey was conducted in 570 households in and around Mutare, Zimbabwe in 1992; 18.3% (95% CI 15.1-21.5%) of households included Orphans. 12.8% (95% CI 11.2-14.3%) of children under 15 years old had a father or mother who had died; 5% of Orphans had lost both parents. Orphan prevalence was highest in a peri-urban rural area (17.2%) and lowest in a middle income medium density urban suburb (4.3%). Recent increases in parental deaths were noted; 50% of parental deaths since 1987 could be ascribed to AIDS. Orphan household heads were likely to be older and less well-educated than non-orphan household heads. The majority of orphaned children were being cared for satisfactorily within extended families, often under difficult circumstances. Caregiving by maternal relatives represents a departure from the traditional practice of caring for Orphans within the paternal extended family and an adaptation of community-coping mechanisms. There was little evidence of discrimination or exploitation ...
S Mashumba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptions of children and community members concerning the circumstances of Orphans in rural zimbabwe
Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids\ hiv, 1997Co-Authors: Geoff Foster, S Mashumba, C Makufa, R Drew, S KambeuAbstract:Focus group discussions and interviews were held with 40 Orphans, 25 caretakers and 33 other community workers from a rural area near Mutare, Zimbabwe. Orphan concerns included feeling different from other children, stress, stigmatization, exploitation, schooling, lack of visits and neglect of support responsibilities by relatives. Many community members, while recognizing their limitations due to poverty, were already actively helping Orphans and caretakers. Extended family networks are the primary resource for Orphans, though some relatives exploit Orphans or fail to fulfil their responsibilities. Interventions are suggested which support community coping mechanisms by strengthening the capacities of families to care for Orphans. Outside organizations can develop partnerships with community groups, helping them to respond to the impact of AIDS, by building upon existing concern for orphan families. They can help affected communities to develop orphan support activities which encourage caring responses by community leaders and relatives and which discourage property-grabbing and orphan neglect. Material support channelled through community groups to destitute families at critical times can strengthen family coping mechanisms. Income-generating activities should build upon communities' existing capabilities and benefit the most vulnerable orphan households. Some communities are responding to the AIDS disaster by adaptations to cope with devastating changes taking place in their communities.
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orphan prevalence and extended family care in a peri urban community in zimbabwe
Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids\ hiv, 1995Co-Authors: G Foster, Simon Gregson, R Shakespeare, F Chinemana, H Jackson, C Marange, S MashumbaAbstract:An orphan enumeration survey was conducted in 570 households in and around Mutare, Zimbabwe in 1992; 18.3% (95% CI 15.1-21.5%) of households included Orphans. 12.8% (95% CI 11.2-14.3%) of children under 15 years old had a father or mother who had died; 5% of Orphans had lost both parents. Orphan prevalence was highest in a peri-urban rural area (17.2%) and lowest in a middle income medium density urban suburb (4.3%). Recent increases in parental deaths were noted; 50% of parental deaths since 1987 could be ascribed to AIDS. Orphan household heads were likely to be older and less well-educated than non-orphan household heads. The majority of orphaned children were being cared for satisfactorily within extended families, often under difficult circumstances. Caregiving by maternal relatives represents a departure from the traditional practice of caring for Orphans within the paternal extended family and an adaptation of community-coping mechanisms. There was little evidence of discrimination or exploitation ...
Jens Aagaardhansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changing patterns of orphan care due to the hiv epidemic in western kenya
Social Science & Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Erick Otieno Nyambedha, Simiyu Wandibba, Jens AagaardhansenAbstract:Abstract The HIV/AIDS epidemic has given rise to major demographic changes including an alarming number of Orphans in sub-Saharan Africa. The study describes a rural community in western Kenya in which one out of three children below 18 years of age had lost at least one biological parent—and one out of nine had lost both. The main problems these children faced were lack of school fees, food and access to medical care. The high number of Orphans has overwhelmed the traditional mechanisms for orphan care, which were based on patrilineal kinship ties. Thus, 28% of the Orphans were looked after by culturally “inappropriate” categories such as matrilineal kin or strangers. Furthermore, many of the caretakers were themselves not capable due to ill health or old age. Factors such as poverty, negative attitudes, and traditional funeral customs made the Orphans’ situation even worse. The authors conclude that though community-based interventions are urgently needed as the most appropriate way to address the issue, the complex, local reality in which cultural factors, kinship ties, and poverty are interwoven needs to be taken into consideration if sustainable solutions are to be found.
William M. Tierney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Outcomes of HIV-infected orphaned and non-orphaned children on antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2006Co-Authors: Winstone M. Nyandiko, Samuel Ayaya, Esther Clyde Nabakwe, Constance Tenge, John E. Sidle, Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, Beverly S. Musick, Kara Wools-kaloustian, William M. TierneyAbstract:The objectives were to determine outcome differences between orphaned and non-orphaned children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: Retrospective review of prospectively recorded electronic data. Setting: Nine HIV clinics in western Kenya. Population: 279 children on ART enrolled between August 2002 and February 2005. Main Measures: Orphan status CD4% sex- and age-adjusted height (HAZ) and weight (WAZ) z scores ART adherence mortality. Median follow-up was 34 months. Cohort included 51% males and 54% Orphans. At ART initiation (baseline) 71% of children had CDC clinical stage B or C disease. Median CD4% was 9% and increased dramatically the first 30 weeks of therapy then leveled off. Parents and guardians reported perfect adherence at every visit for 75% of children. Adherence and orphan status were not significantly associated with CD4% response. Adjusted for baseline age follow-up was significantly shorter among orphaned children (median 33 vs. 41 weeks P = 0.096). One-year mortality was 7.1% for orphaned and 6.6% for non-orphaned children (P = 0.836). HAZ and WAZ were significantly below norm in both groups. With ART HAZ remained stable while WAZ tended to increase toward the norm especially among non-Orphans. Orphans showed identical weight gains as non-Orphans the first 70 weeks after start of ART but experienced reductions afterwards. Good ART adherence is possible in western rural Kenya. ART for HIV-infected children produced substantial and sustainable CD4% improvement. Orphan status was not associated with worse short-term outcomes but may be a factor for long-term therapy response. ART alone may not be sufficient to reverse significant developmental lags in the HIV-positive pediatric population. (authors)
S Kambeu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptions of children and community members concerning the circumstances of Orphans in rural zimbabwe
Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids\ hiv, 1997Co-Authors: Geoff Foster, S Mashumba, C Makufa, R Drew, S KambeuAbstract:Focus group discussions and interviews were held with 40 Orphans, 25 caretakers and 33 other community workers from a rural area near Mutare, Zimbabwe. Orphan concerns included feeling different from other children, stress, stigmatization, exploitation, schooling, lack of visits and neglect of support responsibilities by relatives. Many community members, while recognizing their limitations due to poverty, were already actively helping Orphans and caretakers. Extended family networks are the primary resource for Orphans, though some relatives exploit Orphans or fail to fulfil their responsibilities. Interventions are suggested which support community coping mechanisms by strengthening the capacities of families to care for Orphans. Outside organizations can develop partnerships with community groups, helping them to respond to the impact of AIDS, by building upon existing concern for orphan families. They can help affected communities to develop orphan support activities which encourage caring responses by community leaders and relatives and which discourage property-grabbing and orphan neglect. Material support channelled through community groups to destitute families at critical times can strengthen family coping mechanisms. Income-generating activities should build upon communities' existing capabilities and benefit the most vulnerable orphan households. Some communities are responding to the AIDS disaster by adaptations to cope with devastating changes taking place in their communities.
