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Elinor Breman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conserving Orthodox Seeds of globally threatened plants ex situ in the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK: the status of Seed collections
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Udayangani Liu, Tiziana Antonella Cossu, Rachael M. Davies, Félix Forest, John B. Dickie, Elinor BremanAbstract:We reviewed the status of Orthodox Seed collections of globally threatened plants conserved in − 20 °C long-term storage at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK in terms of their geographic and bioclimatic representativeness, taxonomic and genetic diversity, quality and physiological status. The comprehensive dataset used spans over 45 years of worldwide conservation effort across various organisations. The data provides evidence-based results and future directions for the represented globally threatened flora that are of relevance to all plant conservation and Seed banking organisations across the globe. The reviewed sample includes 523 collections and represents a wide geographic range, originating from 67 countries, from all nine bio-geographic continents. The majority of collections originated from temperate climates and from habitats with no dry seasons but experiencing warm summer periods. The taxonomic composition of the collections highlighted a substantial diversity, with 303 taxa (four extinct in the wild; 56 critically endangered; 105 endangered; and 138 vulnerable) represented by 297 species, 199 genera and 74 families. Almost four fifths of the collections were harvested from wild habitats. Whilst wild-origin collections can harbour useful genes not available in the cultivated gene pool, for threatened plants both collections and taxa are likely to suffer from low genetic diversity as a low number of individual plants, populations and/or potentially viable or usable Seeds were sampled at the original harvest. Large numbers of empty and infested Seeds in the original harvest have significantly affected the quality of collections in terms of availability of potentially viable or usable Seeds in collections. As a result, just over one third of taxa and one fifth of collections consisted of ≥ 5000 potentially viable or usable Seeds. Viable Seeds exhibited a sound physiological status in terms of germinability and viability at the initial round of germination tests after storage, but on average, relative germination and viability achieved were below 85%. A decline in germinability during their variable time of storage was evident for 16% of the 78 collections analysed for longevity. According to a set of criteria, suitable germination protocols for propagation of plants from Seeds were identified for 165 taxa. Given the apparent differences between wild species, especially those that are rare and threatened, and domesticated crops, the quality and physiological status of reviewed collections are reasonably sound. The characteristics we observed for collections, the challenges we identified for conserving them and the germination protocols we suggested for propagation of plants from Seeds have the scope to be noted, integrated and used globally across various conservation activities and policies.
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The conservation value of germplasm stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018Co-Authors: Udayangani Liu, Elinor Breman, Tiziana Antonella Cossu, Siobhan KenneyAbstract:The Millennium Seed Bank (MSB) Partnership, developed and managed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (RBG Kew), conserves propagules primarily from Orthodox Seed-bearing wild vascular plants. It is the largest ex situ conservation programme in the world, currently involving 96 countries and territories. Where possible, Seeds are collected and conserved in the country of origin with duplicates being sent to RBG Kew’s MSB for storage. In this paper we assess the conservation value of the germplasm stored at the MSB using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The MSB holdings represent a high quality, rich biological resource. Substantial and unique taxonomic diversity exists amongst the collections, representing 365 families, 5813 genera, 36,975 species and 39,669 taxa conserved. The collections cover a wide geographic range, originating from 189 countries and territories, representing all nine bio-geographic regions and all 35 biodiversity hotspots. The collections possess significant natural capital and population value: 32% of taxa, representing 49% of collections, have at least one identified use to humans; and 74% of taxa, representing 78% of collections, are either endemic, endangered (nationally or globally) and/or have an economic, ecological, social, cultural or scientific value. While 10% of taxa, representing > 8% of collections, are either extinct, rare or vulnerable to extinction at the global and/or national level, 20% of taxa, representing 13% collections, are endemic at the country or territory scale. Over the 17-year period since 2000 at least 11,182 Seed samples, representing 12% of taxa and 8% of collections, have been distributed globally for conservation, research, education and display. This analysis highlighted collection gaps in MSB holdings in relation to their geographic representativeness, the taxonomic diversity of large families and genera of angiosperms, and coverage of threatened taxa. Further analysis across the entire MSB Partnership is required to underpin future collection activities and maximize the usefulness of collections.
Udayangani Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conserving Orthodox Seeds of globally threatened plants ex situ in the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK: the status of Seed collections
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Udayangani Liu, Tiziana Antonella Cossu, Rachael M. Davies, Félix Forest, John B. Dickie, Elinor BremanAbstract:We reviewed the status of Orthodox Seed collections of globally threatened plants conserved in − 20 °C long-term storage at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK in terms of their geographic and bioclimatic representativeness, taxonomic and genetic diversity, quality and physiological status. The comprehensive dataset used spans over 45 years of worldwide conservation effort across various organisations. The data provides evidence-based results and future directions for the represented globally threatened flora that are of relevance to all plant conservation and Seed banking organisations across the globe. The reviewed sample includes 523 collections and represents a wide geographic range, originating from 67 countries, from all nine bio-geographic continents. The majority of collections originated from temperate climates and from habitats with no dry seasons but experiencing warm summer periods. The taxonomic composition of the collections highlighted a substantial diversity, with 303 taxa (four extinct in the wild; 56 critically endangered; 105 endangered; and 138 vulnerable) represented by 297 species, 199 genera and 74 families. Almost four fifths of the collections were harvested from wild habitats. Whilst wild-origin collections can harbour useful genes not available in the cultivated gene pool, for threatened plants both collections and taxa are likely to suffer from low genetic diversity as a low number of individual plants, populations and/or potentially viable or usable Seeds were sampled at the original harvest. Large numbers of empty and infested Seeds in the original harvest have significantly affected the quality of collections in terms of availability of potentially viable or usable Seeds in collections. As a result, just over one third of taxa and one fifth of collections consisted of ≥ 5000 potentially viable or usable Seeds. Viable Seeds exhibited a sound physiological status in terms of germinability and viability at the initial round of germination tests after storage, but on average, relative germination and viability achieved were below 85%. A decline in germinability during their variable time of storage was evident for 16% of the 78 collections analysed for longevity. According to a set of criteria, suitable germination protocols for propagation of plants from Seeds were identified for 165 taxa. Given the apparent differences between wild species, especially those that are rare and threatened, and domesticated crops, the quality and physiological status of reviewed collections are reasonably sound. The characteristics we observed for collections, the challenges we identified for conserving them and the germination protocols we suggested for propagation of plants from Seeds have the scope to be noted, integrated and used globally across various conservation activities and policies.
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The conservation value of germplasm stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018Co-Authors: Udayangani Liu, Elinor Breman, Tiziana Antonella Cossu, Siobhan KenneyAbstract:The Millennium Seed Bank (MSB) Partnership, developed and managed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (RBG Kew), conserves propagules primarily from Orthodox Seed-bearing wild vascular plants. It is the largest ex situ conservation programme in the world, currently involving 96 countries and territories. Where possible, Seeds are collected and conserved in the country of origin with duplicates being sent to RBG Kew’s MSB for storage. In this paper we assess the conservation value of the germplasm stored at the MSB using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The MSB holdings represent a high quality, rich biological resource. Substantial and unique taxonomic diversity exists amongst the collections, representing 365 families, 5813 genera, 36,975 species and 39,669 taxa conserved. The collections cover a wide geographic range, originating from 189 countries and territories, representing all nine bio-geographic regions and all 35 biodiversity hotspots. The collections possess significant natural capital and population value: 32% of taxa, representing 49% of collections, have at least one identified use to humans; and 74% of taxa, representing 78% of collections, are either endemic, endangered (nationally or globally) and/or have an economic, ecological, social, cultural or scientific value. While 10% of taxa, representing > 8% of collections, are either extinct, rare or vulnerable to extinction at the global and/or national level, 20% of taxa, representing 13% collections, are endemic at the country or territory scale. Over the 17-year period since 2000 at least 11,182 Seed samples, representing 12% of taxa and 8% of collections, have been distributed globally for conservation, research, education and display. This analysis highlighted collection gaps in MSB holdings in relation to their geographic representativeness, the taxonomic diversity of large families and genera of angiosperms, and coverage of threatened taxa. Further analysis across the entire MSB Partnership is required to underpin future collection activities and maximize the usefulness of collections.
Tiziana Antonella Cossu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conserving Orthodox Seeds of globally threatened plants ex situ in the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK: the status of Seed collections
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Udayangani Liu, Tiziana Antonella Cossu, Rachael M. Davies, Félix Forest, John B. Dickie, Elinor BremanAbstract:We reviewed the status of Orthodox Seed collections of globally threatened plants conserved in − 20 °C long-term storage at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK in terms of their geographic and bioclimatic representativeness, taxonomic and genetic diversity, quality and physiological status. The comprehensive dataset used spans over 45 years of worldwide conservation effort across various organisations. The data provides evidence-based results and future directions for the represented globally threatened flora that are of relevance to all plant conservation and Seed banking organisations across the globe. The reviewed sample includes 523 collections and represents a wide geographic range, originating from 67 countries, from all nine bio-geographic continents. The majority of collections originated from temperate climates and from habitats with no dry seasons but experiencing warm summer periods. The taxonomic composition of the collections highlighted a substantial diversity, with 303 taxa (four extinct in the wild; 56 critically endangered; 105 endangered; and 138 vulnerable) represented by 297 species, 199 genera and 74 families. Almost four fifths of the collections were harvested from wild habitats. Whilst wild-origin collections can harbour useful genes not available in the cultivated gene pool, for threatened plants both collections and taxa are likely to suffer from low genetic diversity as a low number of individual plants, populations and/or potentially viable or usable Seeds were sampled at the original harvest. Large numbers of empty and infested Seeds in the original harvest have significantly affected the quality of collections in terms of availability of potentially viable or usable Seeds in collections. As a result, just over one third of taxa and one fifth of collections consisted of ≥ 5000 potentially viable or usable Seeds. Viable Seeds exhibited a sound physiological status in terms of germinability and viability at the initial round of germination tests after storage, but on average, relative germination and viability achieved were below 85%. A decline in germinability during their variable time of storage was evident for 16% of the 78 collections analysed for longevity. According to a set of criteria, suitable germination protocols for propagation of plants from Seeds were identified for 165 taxa. Given the apparent differences between wild species, especially those that are rare and threatened, and domesticated crops, the quality and physiological status of reviewed collections are reasonably sound. The characteristics we observed for collections, the challenges we identified for conserving them and the germination protocols we suggested for propagation of plants from Seeds have the scope to be noted, integrated and used globally across various conservation activities and policies.
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The conservation value of germplasm stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018Co-Authors: Udayangani Liu, Elinor Breman, Tiziana Antonella Cossu, Siobhan KenneyAbstract:The Millennium Seed Bank (MSB) Partnership, developed and managed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (RBG Kew), conserves propagules primarily from Orthodox Seed-bearing wild vascular plants. It is the largest ex situ conservation programme in the world, currently involving 96 countries and territories. Where possible, Seeds are collected and conserved in the country of origin with duplicates being sent to RBG Kew’s MSB for storage. In this paper we assess the conservation value of the germplasm stored at the MSB using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The MSB holdings represent a high quality, rich biological resource. Substantial and unique taxonomic diversity exists amongst the collections, representing 365 families, 5813 genera, 36,975 species and 39,669 taxa conserved. The collections cover a wide geographic range, originating from 189 countries and territories, representing all nine bio-geographic regions and all 35 biodiversity hotspots. The collections possess significant natural capital and population value: 32% of taxa, representing 49% of collections, have at least one identified use to humans; and 74% of taxa, representing 78% of collections, are either endemic, endangered (nationally or globally) and/or have an economic, ecological, social, cultural or scientific value. While 10% of taxa, representing > 8% of collections, are either extinct, rare or vulnerable to extinction at the global and/or national level, 20% of taxa, representing 13% collections, are endemic at the country or territory scale. Over the 17-year period since 2000 at least 11,182 Seed samples, representing 12% of taxa and 8% of collections, have been distributed globally for conservation, research, education and display. This analysis highlighted collection gaps in MSB holdings in relation to their geographic representativeness, the taxonomic diversity of large families and genera of angiosperms, and coverage of threatened taxa. Further analysis across the entire MSB Partnership is required to underpin future collection activities and maximize the usefulness of collections.
Delahaie Julien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparaison moléculaire des graines Orthodoxes de Medicago truncatula et récalcitrantes de Castanospermum australe : une nouvelle approche pour comprendre l'acquisition de la tolérance à la dessiccation
HAL CCSD, 2013Co-Authors: Delahaie JulienAbstract:Desiccation tolerance (DT) is defined as the ability to survive in the dry state and resume metabolic activity upon imbibition. Unlike Orthodox Seeds, that acquire DT during their maturation, recalcitrant Seeds do not survive desiccation. A comparative analysis of Orthodox and recalcitrant Seeds development constitutes an interesting model to highlight mechanisms that are involved in DT. Using proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, the development of the recalcitrant Castanospermum australe Seeds was characterized and compared to development of Orthodox Medicago truncatula Seeds, species from the same sub-family of Fabaceae. Our results show that most LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) proteins are absent or faintly accumulated in mature Seeds of C. australe compared to M. truncatula. The LEA protein profile is similar to Seeds of the Mtabi3 mutant that is deficient in the expression of the major regulator of Orthodox Seed maturation ABI3 (ABscissic acid Insensitive 3). Transcriptome analysis reveals a strong repression of CaABI3 and its putative targets at the end of C. australe Seed development while the transcript levels of these target genes remain high until the end of maturation of M. truncatula Seeds. Two genes coding for ABI3 were cloned in C. australe: CaABI3 and CaABI3-like. Ectopic expression in M. truncatula roots demonstrated that only CaABI3-like is able to activate the same targets as MtABI3. Moreover, CaABI3 does not complement the abi3-5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. This analysis strengthens the implication of ABI3 in the desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant Seeds. In addition, mature C. australe Seeds display certain characteristics of a Seed that is preparing for germination and express many stress response genes.La tolérance à la dessiccation (TD) est définie comme l'aptitude à survivre à l'état sec et à reprendre un métabolisme normal après le retour à des conditions hydriques favorables. Contrairement aux graines Orthodoxes, qui acquièrent la TD au cours de leur maturation, les graines récalcitrantes ne survivent pas à la dessiccation. L'analyse comparative du développement de ces deux types de graines constitue donc un modèle intéressant pour mettre en évidence des mécanismes spécifiquement impliqués dans la TD. Par des approches protéomique et transcriptomique, ce travail a permis de caractériser le développement de graines récalcitrantes de Castanospermum australe et de le comparer à celui de graines Orthodoxes de Medicago truncatula, espèce de la même sous-famille des Fabacées. Nos résultats montrent que certaines protéines de type LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) sont absentes ou faiblement accumulées dans les graines matures de C. australe comparé à celles de M. truncatula. Le profil des LEA ressemble à celui du mutant Mtabi3, déficient pour le régulateur majeur de la maturation des graines Orthodoxes ABI3 (ABscissic acid Insensitive 3). L'analyse transcriptomique révèle une forte répression de CaABI3 et de ses gènes cibles en fin de développement chez les graines de C. australe, alors qu'ils restent fortement exprimés tout au long de la maturation des graines de M. truncatula. Deux gènes codant pour ABI3 ont été clonés chez C. australe : CaABI3 et CaABI3-like. Par sur-expression ectopique dans des racines de M. truncatula, seul CaABI3-like est en mesure d'activer les mêmes cibles que MtABI3. De plus, CaABI3 ne complémente pas le mutant abi3-5 d'Arabidopsis thaliana. Cette analyse renforce l'importance d'ABI3 pour expliquer la sensibilité à la TD des graines récalcitrantes. Elle révèle par ailleurs que la graine mature de C. australe présente certaines caractéristiques d'une graine prête à germer tout en exprimant de nombreux gènes de réponse au stress
Siobhan Kenney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The conservation value of germplasm stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018Co-Authors: Udayangani Liu, Elinor Breman, Tiziana Antonella Cossu, Siobhan KenneyAbstract:The Millennium Seed Bank (MSB) Partnership, developed and managed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (RBG Kew), conserves propagules primarily from Orthodox Seed-bearing wild vascular plants. It is the largest ex situ conservation programme in the world, currently involving 96 countries and territories. Where possible, Seeds are collected and conserved in the country of origin with duplicates being sent to RBG Kew’s MSB for storage. In this paper we assess the conservation value of the germplasm stored at the MSB using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The MSB holdings represent a high quality, rich biological resource. Substantial and unique taxonomic diversity exists amongst the collections, representing 365 families, 5813 genera, 36,975 species and 39,669 taxa conserved. The collections cover a wide geographic range, originating from 189 countries and territories, representing all nine bio-geographic regions and all 35 biodiversity hotspots. The collections possess significant natural capital and population value: 32% of taxa, representing 49% of collections, have at least one identified use to humans; and 74% of taxa, representing 78% of collections, are either endemic, endangered (nationally or globally) and/or have an economic, ecological, social, cultural or scientific value. While 10% of taxa, representing > 8% of collections, are either extinct, rare or vulnerable to extinction at the global and/or national level, 20% of taxa, representing 13% collections, are endemic at the country or territory scale. Over the 17-year period since 2000 at least 11,182 Seed samples, representing 12% of taxa and 8% of collections, have been distributed globally for conservation, research, education and display. This analysis highlighted collection gaps in MSB holdings in relation to their geographic representativeness, the taxonomic diversity of large families and genera of angiosperms, and coverage of threatened taxa. Further analysis across the entire MSB Partnership is required to underpin future collection activities and maximize the usefulness of collections.