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W P Burger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of three novel mycoplasma species from Ostriches in south africa
Veterinary Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Annelise Botes, B M Peyrot, A J Olivier, W P Burger, Dirk U BellstedtAbstract:Mycoplasmas have been implicated in certain clinical syndromes in Ostriches and are associated with upper respiratory tract infections. As these infections result in production losses, they are of considerable economic importance to the South African ostrich industry. Although poultry mycoplasmas have been shown to infect Ostriches, the existence of unique ostrich-specific mycoplasmas has been suggested. In this study, mycoplasmas were isolated from Ostriches in the Klein Karoo, Central Karoo and Garden Route areas of the Western and Northern Cape Provinces of South Africa and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These sequences indicated that Ostriches in these areas carry three unique mycoplasmas and were not infected with chicken mycoplasmas. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences of the three isolated ostrich mycoplasmas showed them to be quite divergent and to fall into two distinct phylogenetic groupings. Unique sequences within the 16S rRNA gene of the ostrich mycoplasmas were subsequently used for the development of specific primers for the detection and diagnosis of mycoplasma infections in Ostriches. Chickens kept in close proximity to infected Ostriches were not infected with these ostrich mycoplasmas.
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experimental infection of Ostriches with crimean congo haemorrhagic fever virus
Epidemiology and Infection, 1998Co-Authors: R Swanepoel, G K Bruckner, Patricia A Leman, Felicity J Burt, J Jardine, D J Verwoerd, Ilaria Capua, W P BurgerAbstract:Following the occurrence of an outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) among workers at an ostrich abattoir in South Africa in 1996, 9 susceptible young Ostriches were infected subcutaneously with the virus in order to study the nature of the infection which they undergo. The Ostriches developed viraemia which was demonstrable on days 1-4 following infection, with a maximum intensity of 4.0 log10 mouse intracerebral LD50/ml being recorded on day 2 in 1 of the birds. Virus was detectable in visceral organs such as spleen, liver and kidney up to day 5 post-inoculation, 1 day after it could no longer be found in blood. No infective virus was detected in samples of muscle, but viral nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in muscle from a bird sacrificed on day 3 following infection. It was concluded that the occurrence of infection in Ostriches at abattoirs could be prevented by keeping the birds free of ticks for 14 days before slaughter.
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Avian pox in Ostriches
Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging, 1994Co-Authors: D M Allwright, W P Burger, A. Geyer, Wessles JAbstract:: Nodular cutaneous and diphtheric oral lesions, resembling avian pox were observed in 2 flocks of young ostrich chicks. Typical eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in histological sections and a pox virus was isolated from the lesions. A commercial fowl pox vaccine was used to protect young Ostriches in the field.
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isolation of an influenza a virus from Ostriches struthio camelus
Avian Pathology, 1993Co-Authors: D M Allwright, W P Burger, Adelaide Geyer, A W TerblancheAbstract:Summary An influenza A virus of the H7 N1 subtype was isolated from young Ostriches which died after developing a syndrome characterized by a green discolouration of the urine, weakness and signs of respiratory distress. Mortality varied, depending on the age of the Ostriches, the presence of other infectious agents and the amount of stress to which they were exposed. Using the haemagglutination inhibition test, an amnestic response was recorded in Ostriches which recovered from the disease. Pathogenicity tests indicated that the isolate was of low virulence for chickens.
L C Hoffman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevalence of campylobacter and arcobacter species in Ostriches from oudtshoorn south africa
Journal of Food Protection, 2020Co-Authors: Nompumelelo Shange, Pieter A Gouws, L C HoffmanAbstract:ABSTRACT: Cloacal swabs were obtained from live Ostriches reared on 30 different farms situated in South Africa (Oudtshoorn) during the period of June 2018 to July 2019 to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter and Arcobacter species. PCR (n = 168 pooled cloacal swabs), the Cape Town protocol (n = 836 cloacal swabs), International Organization for Standardization ISO 10272-1:2006 (n = 836 cloacal swabs), and a selective Arcobacter spp. method (n = 415 cloacal swabs) were used for detection. PCR determined an average prevalence of 24.63% for species belonging to the Campylobacteraceae family. The ISO 10272-1:2006 method determined a Campylobacter spp. prevalence level of 16.83%, while the Cape Town protocol could not detect Campylobacter spp. For Arcobacter spp., a prevalence of 18.80 and 39.14% was determined with the Cape Town protocol and the selective Arcobacter spp. method, respectively. Results showed that prevalence levels could be influenced by season, the source of water, and the presence of wild water birds. Higher prevalence levels for Campylobacter spp. (23.38%) and Arcobacter spp. (68%) were detected in Ostriches sampled during spring and autumn, respectively. Higher prevalence levels for Campylobacter spp. (25.23%) and Arcobacter spp. (44.50%) were detected in Ostriches reared on farms that made use of borehole water. Higher prevalence levels for Arcobacter spp. (44.38%) were seen in Ostriches reared on farms with wild water birds. This research shows that Ostriches from South Africa can be considered as potential carriers of species belonging to the Campylobacteraceae family.
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physical and sensory meat quality of south african black Ostriches struthio camelus var domesticus zimbabwean blue Ostriches struthio camelus australis and their hybrid
Meat Science, 2008Co-Authors: L C Hoffman, S. W. P. Cloete, Michael Muller, M M BrandAbstract:Abstract Meat derived from three genotypes of ostrich, resulting from breeding South African Black (Black) Ostriches and Zimbabwean Blue (Blue) Ostriches as well as their hybrid, was analysed for physical and sensory quality. Ostriches of a commercially standard slaughter age of 14 months, raised under the same environment were used. The pH 24 was the highest in the pure Blue genotype and therefore meat from this genotype was the darkest and the percentage drip loss and cooking loss the lowest. When comparing the pure Blue genotype to the pure Black genotype, 70% of the muscles had a higher pH 24 , 50% of the muscles were redder and significantly less saturated in colour, 67% of the muscles had a lower percentage drip loss and 50% of the muscles had a lower percentage cooking loss. No significant genotypic differences were found regarding the instrumental toughness, nor the sensory attributes of the meat.
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the effect of feed withdrawal during lairage on meat quality characteristics in Ostriches
Meat Science, 2005Co-Authors: S J Van Schalkwyk, S. W. P. Cloete, L C Hoffman, F D MellettAbstract:Abstract Commercially reared Ostriches ( n = 84) were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The first group (stressed: n = 38) was deprived of food for a period of 2.5 days prior to slaughter, to simulate the stress experienced by slaughter Ostriches held in holding pens (lairage) at a commercial ostrich abattoir over a weekend. The second group (control: n = 46) was fed normally until 24 h prior to slaughter. Initial live weight as well as hot and cold drumstick weight were independent ( P > 0.05) of treatment. Stressed birds lost on average (±SE) approximately three times more weight than control birds over the experimental period (−3.2 ± 0.6 vs. −1.0 ± 0.5 kg, respectively). Full stomach and alimentary tract weights did not differ between treatments although there was a tendency for that derived from stressed birds to have lower stomach contents. The intra-muscular ( Muscularis iliofibularis ) pH f of stressed birds was 0.22 units higher ( P P P = 0.18) temperature in stressed birds immediately post-slaughter. Cooking loss, drip loss and shearing values were not affected ( P > 0.05) by the withholding of food for 2.5 days. It can thus be concluded that withholding feed from Ostriches on lairage over a period of 2.5 days does not have any negative influence on the meat yield or physical quality traits thereof.
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comparison of meat quality characteristics between young and old Ostriches
Meat Science, 2001Co-Authors: L C Hoffman, P P FisherAbstract:Comparison of CIELAB colour values of the m. iliofibularis derived from 14 month old and 8 year old Ostriches have indicated that an increase in age is accompanied with a significant (P<0.001) reduction in reflectance (L*) and a signiffcant increase in both a* (P<0.001) and b* (P<0.05) values, the meat thus becoming darker and redder with increased age. Comparison with results found in scientific literature suggest that, similar to other species, toughness also increases with age. Warner Bratzler values of the older Ostriches were also higher than published results of 14 month old birds (4.44 kg/1.27 cm dia vs. 5.26 kg/1.27 cm dia). Intramuscular fatty acid composition and content of the older Ostriches did not suggest any large variations compared with published results for younger (14 month old) Ostriches.
Zhenhua Gong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular characterization of newcastle disease viruses in Ostriches struthio camelus l further evidences of recombination within avian paramyxovirus type 1
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Marti Cortey, Yi Zhang, Roser Dolz, Jianlin Wang, Zhenhua GongAbstract:Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains isolated from Ostriches have been genotyped for the first time by partial sequencing of the F gene to determine the epidemiologic role that this species can play within ND outbreaks. Fifteen additional NDV strains, mostly isolated from chickens but also from pigeons and penguins, were also included in the study to determine genetic relationships with Ostriches NDV isolates. High genetic diversity was demonstrated in ostrich NDV isolates, as the 10 isolates were grouped in four distinct NDV genotypes. In agreement with the results obtained when chicken isolates have been molecularly characterized, the predominant genotype in Ostriches was the genotype VII. More interestingly, evidences of recombination between genotype II and VII were observed in one ostrich isolate and in two further chicken isolates. Therefore, it seems that Ostriches may play a relevant role in the ecology and epidemiology of ND particularly in those regions where they have an increasing farming importance as minor poultry species.
Longxian Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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natural infection of cryptosporidium muris in Ostriches struthio camelus
Veterinary Parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: Meng Qi, Lei Huang, Rongjun Wang, Lihua Xiao, Lina Xu, Junqiang Li, Longxian ZhangAbstract:A total of 303 fecal samples were collected from Ostriches (Struthio camelus) and 31 samples (10.2%) were Cryptosporidium-positive upon microscopic analysis. The infection rate was 27.6% in Ostriches aged 16–60 days, 1.2% in those aged 61–180 days, and 20.4% in those aged >10 years. The Cryptosporidium-positive isolates were genotyped with a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequence analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. The 22 isolates from Ostriches aged >10 years were identified as Cryptosporidium muris, whereas the nine isolates from Ostriches <180 days were Cryptosporidium baileyi. Ten of the 22 C. muris isolates were analyzed based on the actin and HSP70 genes, and the results were identical to those observed for the SSU rRNA gene. Cross-transmission studies demonstrated that the C. muris isolate infected BALB/c mice and Mongolian gerbils, but did not infect chickens. C. muris isolated in this study appears to be host-adapted, consistent with a previous multilocus sequence typing analysis. Further studies are required to understand the prevalence and transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. in Ostriches in different geographic areas.
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prevalence of cryptosporidium baileyi in Ostriches struthio camelus in zhengzhou china
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Rongjun Wang, Meng Qi, Longxian Zhang, Zhu Jingjing, Changshen Ning, Jinfeng Zhao, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Abstract Few data are available on the molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in Ostriches. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species or genotypes in Ostriches. A total of 452 fecal samples from five farms, a zoo, and an animal rescue center in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopy of wet mount of fecal materials concentrated by the Sheather's sugar flotation technique. Fifty-three samples were Cryptosporidium-positive from four farms, with an overall prevalence of 11.7%. The percentage of animals shedding oocysts was 0, 16.2%, 7.2%, and 0 in 1-3 weeks, 4-8 weeks, 3-12 months, and more than 12 months Ostriches, respectively (χ(2)=17.74; ρ<0.01). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of the 53 Cryptosporidium-positive samples showed the presence of only Cryptosporidium baileyi, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the SSU rRNA PCR products from 16 positive samples. Cross-transmission studies demonstrated that the C. baileyi isolate could infect chickens and quails. Thus, Ostriches are commonly infected with C. baileyi that is genetically and biologically similar to C. baileyi found in other birds.
M M Brand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physical and sensory meat quality of south african black Ostriches struthio camelus var domesticus zimbabwean blue Ostriches struthio camelus australis and their hybrid
Meat Science, 2008Co-Authors: L C Hoffman, S. W. P. Cloete, Michael Muller, M M BrandAbstract:Abstract Meat derived from three genotypes of ostrich, resulting from breeding South African Black (Black) Ostriches and Zimbabwean Blue (Blue) Ostriches as well as their hybrid, was analysed for physical and sensory quality. Ostriches of a commercially standard slaughter age of 14 months, raised under the same environment were used. The pH 24 was the highest in the pure Blue genotype and therefore meat from this genotype was the darkest and the percentage drip loss and cooking loss the lowest. When comparing the pure Blue genotype to the pure Black genotype, 70% of the muscles had a higher pH 24 , 50% of the muscles were redder and significantly less saturated in colour, 67% of the muscles had a lower percentage drip loss and 50% of the muscles had a lower percentage cooking loss. No significant genotypic differences were found regarding the instrumental toughness, nor the sensory attributes of the meat.
