The Experts below are selected from a list of 201 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark C M Van Loosdrecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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startup of Reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation experiences from the first full scale anammox Reactor in rotterdam
Water Research, 2007Co-Authors: Wouter R L Van Der Star, W Abma, Dennis Blommers, J W Mulder, Takaaki Tokutomi, Marc Strous, Cristian Picioreanu, Mark C M Van LoosdrechtAbstract:Abstract The first full-scale anammox Reactor in the world was started in Rotterdam (NL). The Reactor was scaled-up directly from laboratory-scale to full-scale and treats up to 750 kg-N/d. In the initial phase of the startup, anammox conversions could not be identified by traditional methods, but quantitative PCR proved to be a reliable indicator for growth of the anammox population, indicating an anammox doubling time of 10–12 days. The experience gained during this first startup in combination with the availability of seed sludge from this Reactor, will lead to a faster startup of anammox Reactors in the future. The anammox Reactor type employed in Rotterdam was compared to Other Reactor types for the anammox process. Reactors with a high specific surface area like the granular sludge Reactor employed in Rotterdam provide the highest volumetric loading rates. Mass transfer of nitrite into the biofilm is limiting the conversion of those Reactor types that have a lower specific surface area. Now the first full-scale commercial anammox Reactor is in operation, a consistent and descriptive nomenclature is suggested for Reactors in which the anammox process is employed.
A W Leonard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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divertor pumping and Other Reactor application issues for h mode
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 1994Co-Authors: R D Stambaugh, S L Allen, N H Brooks, D N Hill, D L Hillis, A W Hyatt, G L Jackson, S Konoshima, E A Lazarus, A W LeonardAbstract:We summarize results from DIII-D in regard to issues for Reactor application of H-mode. Recently, DIII-D has begun to operate a cryopump (D{sub 2} pumping speed = 31,000 {ell}/s at a pressure of 2 mTorr). Initial results are very favorable for density control in H-mode. The plasma density could be reduced by 50%. Energy confinement is unchanged so the temperature rises in proportion to the density drop. Ability to access these less collisional plasmas in H-mode is favorable to current drive application. With the all-graphite wall, impurity accumulation has been eliminated. The exceedingly good confinement of VH-mode offers the possibility of retaining good confinement while radiating copious power from the plasma edge using injected noble gas impurities.
B. G. Logan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compact fusion advanced Rankine (CFARII) power cycle-operating regimes
[Proceedings] The 14th IEEE/NPSS Symposium Fusion Engineering, 1991Co-Authors: B. G. LoganAbstract:The performance (cost/kWe and efficiency) of generic compact fusion advanced Rankine (CFARII) power conversion is investigated for various working fluids, operating temperatures and pressures, and thermal power levels. Good CFARII performance is found for a remarkably broad range of materials, temperatures, pressures and power levels, which gives considerable flexibility to future design studies which may apply CFARII energy conversion to specific fusion energy sources such as ICF (inertial confinement fusion), MICF, and Mini-PACER. Specifically, in future designs that would apply CFARII power conversion to particular Reactor designs, there is considerable flexibility to choose combinations of materials and operating conditions to accommodate Other Reactor design constraints, and therefore, a greater chance of finding a combination that meets all engineering and physics constraints while still achieving attractive efficiency and low cost. The economic robustness of CFARII is directly related to its extremely high mass power density, and the high efficiency (ηMHD≳50%) of CFARII relative to previous MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) generator design and experiments is due to the higher temperatures of 1 to 3 eV made possible by direct coupling of nuclear energy release to the working fluid material
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Compact fusion advanced Rankine (CFARII) power cycle-operating regimes
[Proceedings] The 14th IEEE NPSS Symposium Fusion Engineering, 1991Co-Authors: B. G. LoganAbstract:The performance (cost/kWe and efficiency) of generic compact fusion advanced Rankine (CFARII) power conversion is investigated for various working fluids, operating temperatures and pressures, and thermal power levels. Good CFARII performance is found for a remarkably broad range of materials, temperatures, pressures and power levels, which gives considerable flexibility to future design studies which may apply CFARII energy conversion to specific fusion energy sources such as ICF (inertial confinement fusion), MICF, and Mini-PACER. Specifically, in future designs that would apply CFARII power conversion to particular Reactor designs, there is considerable flexibility to choose combinations of materials and operating conditions to accommodate Other Reactor design constraints, and therefore, a greater chance of finding a combination that meets all engineering and physics constraints while still achieving attractive efficiency and low cost. The economic robustness of CFARII is directly related to its extremely high mass power density, and the high efficiency ( eta /sub MHD/>or approximately=50%) of CFARII relative to previous MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) generator design and experiments is due to the higher temperatures of 1 to 3 eV made possible by direct coupling of nuclear energy release to the working fluid material.
M. Tezuka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Decomposition of Benzene in Air in a Plasma Reactor: Effect of Reactor Type and Operating Conditions
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 2002Co-Authors: A. Ogata, K. Miyamae, K. Mizuno, S. Kushiyama, M. TezukaAbstract:The decomposition of benzene was carried out in two types of plasma Reactors packed with BaTiO_3 pellets: one Reactor had two stainless steel electrodes (SUS Reactor), and the Other Reactor had a glass layer between two concentric electrodes (GL Reactor). The decomposition efficiency and the suppression of formation of N_2O and NO_x were greater in the GL Reactor than in the SUS Reactor. In contrast, the suppression of O_3 formation and the oxidation to CO_x in the SUS Reactor were superior to those in the GL Reactor. The effect of wa eform and frequency of applied ac power was in estigated for each Reactor.
David C Stuckey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation of soluble residual chemical oxygen demand cod in anaerobic wastewater treatment effluents
Water Research, 1999Co-Authors: Duncan J Barker, Gianni A Mannucchi, Sandrine M L Salvi, David C StuckeyAbstract:Abstract Anaerobic wastewater treatment processes cannot usually achieve discharge levels of COD without some form of post-treatment due to the high levels of soluble residual COD in the effluent. However, there is very little information in the literature on the nature of this material, and hence the aim of this work was to characterise effluents from several different anaerobic processes by their: molecular weight (MW) distributions (using the techniques of ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography); biodegradability (both aerobic and anaerobic) and activated carbon adsorption characteristics. The MW distribution data indicated that the majority (up to 89% w/w) of the material present in the effluents was in the low MW range (i.e. MW 300 kDa). Differences in the distributions were observed according to Reactor type, with effluents from anaerobic baffled Reactors (ABRs) containing a higher proportion of high MW material than effluents from Other Reactor types. Aerobic degradation of the effluents was significantly more successful than anaerobic, despite the fact that the low MW material was found to be the most difficult to degrade aerobically. Activated carbon adsorption revealed that the low MW material was more difficult to adsorb than the high MW compounds. The data was fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir and BET isOtherms and it was concluded that the Freundlich model was the most accurate for predicting removal efficiencies especially with regard to scale up. Some generic patterns emerged with respect to the characterisation of the effluents and these will assist in decisions regarding post-treatment. Nevertheless, in order for these generic patterns to be confirmed more work is needed on characterising effluent samples from anaerobic treatments.
