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Simon R. Thorrold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Experimental assessment of the effect of temperature and salinity on elemental composition of Otoliths using laser ablation ICPMS
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Anthony J. Fowler, Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M. Jones
    Abstract:

    Retrospective determination of the early life history of fish using the microelemental analysis of their Otoliths is dependent upon understanding the factors that affect this elemental composition. Here, juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) were reared under different treatments of temperature and salinity to determine their impacts on elemental inclusion rates in Otoliths. Solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure 21 isotopes in each otolith: isotopic concentrations ranged over seven orders of magnitude, and differed significantly amongst the temperature–salinity regimes. Univariate analyses identified 13 isotopes that contributed to these multivariate differences; the influence of temperature was stronger than that of salinity. Within each treatment there was a significant relationship between otolith microchemistry and otolith size. To some extent this confounded the interpretation of the between-treatment effect of temperature. In contrast, both the otolith and somatic growth rates were similar between the two salinity treatments, indicating that differences in elemental fingerprints were unambiguously related to the salinity difference, probably a response to the elemental concentrations in the tank water. Overall the study highlighted the current poor understanding of the mechanism of contamination of Otoliths by trace elements and their incorporation into the otolith microstructure.

  • temperature and salinity effects on magnesium manganese and barium incorporation in Otoliths of larval and early juvenile spot leiostomus xanthurus
    Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gretchen Bath Martin, Simon R. Thorrold
    Abstract:

    The use of otolith chemistry to delineate fish populations and trace migration pathways is premised on a significant correlation between the elemental composition of Otoliths and physico- chemical properties of the ambient environment. However, few experiments have been rigorously designed to address the effects of temperature and salinity on the elemental composition of Otoliths. We examined the effects of temperature and salinity on the incorporation of magnesium (Mg), man- ganese (Mn), and barium (Ba) in the Otoliths of larval and early juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus by rearing fish in the laboratory under controlled environmental conditions. L. xanthurus are an estu- arine dependent species that traverse varying temperature and salinity regimes throughout their life histories. It is important, therefore, to understand the influence of physicochemical properties of dif- ferent water masses before attempting to reconstruct important life history transitions based on vari- ations in otolith chemistry. Both (Mg/Ca)otolith and the Mg partition coefficient, DMg, were not signifi- cantly affected by either temperature or salinity, but were correlated with otolith precipitation and somatic growth rates. Temperature and salinity had significant interaction effects on DMn, but not on (Mn/Ca)otolith. Finally, DBa was influenced by salinity but not temperature. These results highlight the complex nature of elemental deposition in Otoliths, and suggest that both environmental and physio- logical effects likely influence elemental ratios in fish Otoliths.

  • in situ analysis of trace elements and isotope ratios in fish Otoliths using laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2000
    Co-Authors: Simon R. Thorrold, Stephen Shuttleworth
    Abstract:

    We applied laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) to the analysis of trace element and isotopic signatures in fish Otoliths. Manganese, Sr, and Ba profiles across juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) Otoliths, expressed as ratios to Ca, showed considerable spatial and temporal variations that were presumably reflective of variations in water chemistry over the same scales. Differences in otolith Mn:Ca ratios between adjacent rivers in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, may be related to dissolved oxygen levels in the rivers through reductive release of Mn2+ from sediments. Strontium and Ba profiles appeared to accurately reflect differences in dissolved Sr and Ba in freshwater end-members, both between Pamlico Sound and Chesapeake Bay and between seasons within Chesapeake Bay. High-precision analyses of Sr:Ca ratios in a black drum (Pogonias cromis) otolith showed distinctive quasi-sinusoidal cycles that were correlated with validated annual bands. ...

  • strontium and barium uptake in aragonitic Otoliths of marine fish
    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2000
    Co-Authors: Gretchen E Bath, Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M Jones, James W Mclaren
    Abstract:

    Minor and trace element analyses of fish Otoliths (ear stones) may provide a high-resolution reconstruction of temperature histories and trace element compositions of aquatic systems where other environmental proxies are not available. However, before Otoliths can be used to reconstruct water chemistry, it is essential to validate the assumption that trace metals in Otoliths are deposited in proportion to dissolved concentrations in the ambient environment. We show, using a marine fish (Leiostomus xanthurus) reared in the laboratory under controlled experimental conditions, that otolith Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios are deposited in proportion to their respective ratios in ambient waters. Temperature significantly affected Sr incorporation but did not affect Ba incorporation in Otoliths. Sr/Ca partition coefficients (DSr) were 0.182 and 0.205 at 20°C and 25°C, respectively. The partition coefficients for Ba/Ca were 0.055 at 20°C and 0.062 at 25°C. A nonlinearity in the relationship between DBa and ambient Ba concentrations suggested that extrapolation beyond the Ba levels used in the experiment was not justified. On the basis of our results, it should be possible to reconstruct Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca levels in environments inhabited by fish based on otolith chemistry. Furthermore, Sr/Ca thermometry may also be possible using fish Otoliths, but validation of the temperature dependence of Sr/Ca in Otoliths will be required. We believe Otoliths represent an excellent, and as yet underused, record of the physicochemical properties of both modern and ancient aquatic environments.

  • comparison of accuracy precision and sensitivity in elemental assays of fish Otoliths using the electron microprobe proton induced x ray emission and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1997
    Co-Authors: Steven E Campana, Simon R. Thorrold, Cynthia M Jones, Detlef Gunther, M Tubrett, Henry P Longerich, Simon E Jackson, Norman M Halden, J M Kalish, Philip M Piccoli
    Abstract:

    The elemental composition of fish Otoliths is of considerable interest to those who wish to reconstruct temperature, migration, or environmental histories of individual fish based on assays of the otolith growth sequence. However, reported differences in otolith elemental composition among studies may be due in part to performance differences among four of the most popular instruments for targeted elemental analysis: wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe (WD-EM), energy-dispersive electron microprobe (ED-EM), proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). To rigorously compare the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of these four analytical tools, the International Otolith Composition Experimentdistributed blind-labelled real and artificial Otoliths of known but varied elemental composition to eight laboratories for assay of 10 selected elements. No one instrument type was sensitive to each element, nor was any one instrument preferred for use in all assays. In general however, abundant elements such as Na and K could only be measured accurately with an electron microprobe, while the trace elements required PIXE or LA-ICPMS. Strontium could be measured with considerable accuracy and precision by WD-EM, PIXE, and LA-ICPMS. The presence of significant, and occasionally large, differences among laboratories suggests that comparisons among published studies should be made cautiously and only after appropriate calibration. Resume : La composition elementaire des otolithes de poisson est d'une importance considerable pour ceux qui desirent reconstruire les antecedents de poissons individuels du point de vue de la temperature, de la migration ou de l'environnement a partir d'essais realises sur la sequence de croissance des otolithes. Toutefois, les differences signalees dans les etudes en ce qui a trait a la composition elementaire des otolithes peuvent etre attribuables en partie a des differences de rendement dans quatre des appareils les plus utilises pour l'analyse d'elements cibles : la microsonde electronique a dispersion de longueur d'onde (WD-EM), la microsonde electronique a dispersion d'energie (ED-EM), l'emission X induite par proton (PIXE) et l'ablation par laser et spectrometrie de masse avec plasma induit par haute frequence (LA-ICPMS). Pour comparer rigoureusement la sensibilite, la justesse et la fidelite de ces quatre outils d'analyse, l' International Otolith Composition Experiment a distribue des otolithes reels ou artificiels etiquetes a l'insu de compositions elementaires connues mais variees a

Steven E Campana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Experimental assessment of the effect of temperature and salinity on elemental composition of Otoliths using laser ablation ICPMS
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Anthony J. Fowler, Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M. Jones
    Abstract:

    Retrospective determination of the early life history of fish using the microelemental analysis of their Otoliths is dependent upon understanding the factors that affect this elemental composition. Here, juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) were reared under different treatments of temperature and salinity to determine their impacts on elemental inclusion rates in Otoliths. Solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure 21 isotopes in each otolith: isotopic concentrations ranged over seven orders of magnitude, and differed significantly amongst the temperature–salinity regimes. Univariate analyses identified 13 isotopes that contributed to these multivariate differences; the influence of temperature was stronger than that of salinity. Within each treatment there was a significant relationship between otolith microchemistry and otolith size. To some extent this confounded the interpretation of the between-treatment effect of temperature. In contrast, both the otolith and somatic growth rates were similar between the two salinity treatments, indicating that differences in elemental fingerprints were unambiguously related to the salinity difference, probably a response to the elemental concentrations in the tank water. Overall the study highlighted the current poor understanding of the mechanism of contamination of Otoliths by trace elements and their incorporation into the otolith microstructure.

  • why Otoliths insights from inner ear physiology and fisheries biology
    Marine and Freshwater Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Arthur N Popper, John Ramcharitar, Steven E Campana
    Abstract:

    Otoliths are of interest to investigators from several disciplines including systematics, auditory neuroscience, and fisheries. However, there is often very little sharing of information or ideas about Otoliths across disciplines despite similarities in the questions raised by different groups of investigators. A major purpose of this paper is to present otolith-related questions common to all disciplines and then demonstrate that the issues are not only similar but also that more frequent interactions would be mutually beneficial. Because Otoliths evolved as part of the inner ear to serve the senses of balance and hearing, we first discuss the basic structure of the ear. We then raise several questions that deal with the structure and patterns of otolith morphology and how changes in Otoliths with fish age affect hearing and balance. More specifically, we ask about the significance of otolith size and how this might affect ear function; the growth of Otoliths and how hearing and balance may or may not change with growth; the significance of different otolith shapes with respect to ear function; the functional significance of Otoliths that do not contact the complete sensory epithelium; and why teleost fishes have Otoliths and not the otoconia found in virtually all other extant vertebrates.

  • Otolith elemental fingerprints of juvenile Pacific swordfish Xiphias gladius
    Journal of Fish Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: R. L. Humphreys, Steven E Campana, Edward E Demartini
    Abstract:

    The trace element composition of young-of-the-year (YOY) juvenile swordfish Xiphias gladius sagittal Otoliths were analysed as a preliminary test of the value of otolith elemental fingerprints for determining swordfish nursery ground origins in the central Pacific Ocean. A suite of five elements (Mg, Zn, Sr, Ba and Pb) was assayed with isotope dilution ICP-MS; all elemental concentrations were roughly comparable to Otoliths of other marine fishes. Multivariate analyses of elemental fingerprints based on Ba and Sr revealed differences between sample sites, and the magnitude of the differences increased with latitudinal separation. With more comprehensive sampling of nursery grounds, it should be possible to identify origin of nursery ground for adult swordfish by analysing the YOY juvenile portion of the sagittal otolith.

  • photographic atlas of fish Otoliths of the northwest atlantic ocean
    2004
    Co-Authors: Steven E Campana
    Abstract:

    The shape of fish Otoliths is highly species specific. Since Otoliths resist degradation better than most other tissues, the shape and size of preserved or undigested Otoliths recovered from fossilized sediments, native middens, and the stomachs and droppings of fish predators can be used to reconstruct the species composition of the diet or fish assemblage. This photographic atlas presents light and (or) scanning electron micrographs of 580 pairs of sagittal Otoliths representing 288 species, 97 families, and 27 orders of fish from the northwest Atlantic. For most species, multiple individuals across a range of sizes are presented in order to highlight changes in otolith shape with increased size. For 72 of the families, photographs of the lapillar and asteriscal Otoliths are also presented.

  • strontium and barium uptake in aragonitic Otoliths of marine fish
    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2000
    Co-Authors: Gretchen E Bath, Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M Jones, James W Mclaren
    Abstract:

    Minor and trace element analyses of fish Otoliths (ear stones) may provide a high-resolution reconstruction of temperature histories and trace element compositions of aquatic systems where other environmental proxies are not available. However, before Otoliths can be used to reconstruct water chemistry, it is essential to validate the assumption that trace metals in Otoliths are deposited in proportion to dissolved concentrations in the ambient environment. We show, using a marine fish (Leiostomus xanthurus) reared in the laboratory under controlled experimental conditions, that otolith Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios are deposited in proportion to their respective ratios in ambient waters. Temperature significantly affected Sr incorporation but did not affect Ba incorporation in Otoliths. Sr/Ca partition coefficients (DSr) were 0.182 and 0.205 at 20°C and 25°C, respectively. The partition coefficients for Ba/Ca were 0.055 at 20°C and 0.062 at 25°C. A nonlinearity in the relationship between DBa and ambient Ba concentrations suggested that extrapolation beyond the Ba levels used in the experiment was not justified. On the basis of our results, it should be possible to reconstruct Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca levels in environments inhabited by fish based on otolith chemistry. Furthermore, Sr/Ca thermometry may also be possible using fish Otoliths, but validation of the temperature dependence of Sr/Ca in Otoliths will be required. We believe Otoliths represent an excellent, and as yet underused, record of the physicochemical properties of both modern and ancient aquatic environments.

Cynthia M Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • strontium and barium uptake in aragonitic Otoliths of marine fish
    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2000
    Co-Authors: Gretchen E Bath, Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M Jones, James W Mclaren
    Abstract:

    Minor and trace element analyses of fish Otoliths (ear stones) may provide a high-resolution reconstruction of temperature histories and trace element compositions of aquatic systems where other environmental proxies are not available. However, before Otoliths can be used to reconstruct water chemistry, it is essential to validate the assumption that trace metals in Otoliths are deposited in proportion to dissolved concentrations in the ambient environment. We show, using a marine fish (Leiostomus xanthurus) reared in the laboratory under controlled experimental conditions, that otolith Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios are deposited in proportion to their respective ratios in ambient waters. Temperature significantly affected Sr incorporation but did not affect Ba incorporation in Otoliths. Sr/Ca partition coefficients (DSr) were 0.182 and 0.205 at 20°C and 25°C, respectively. The partition coefficients for Ba/Ca were 0.055 at 20°C and 0.062 at 25°C. A nonlinearity in the relationship between DBa and ambient Ba concentrations suggested that extrapolation beyond the Ba levels used in the experiment was not justified. On the basis of our results, it should be possible to reconstruct Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca levels in environments inhabited by fish based on otolith chemistry. Furthermore, Sr/Ca thermometry may also be possible using fish Otoliths, but validation of the temperature dependence of Sr/Ca in Otoliths will be required. We believe Otoliths represent an excellent, and as yet underused, record of the physicochemical properties of both modern and ancient aquatic environments.

  • comparison of accuracy precision and sensitivity in elemental assays of fish Otoliths using the electron microprobe proton induced x ray emission and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1997
    Co-Authors: Steven E Campana, Simon R. Thorrold, Cynthia M Jones, Detlef Gunther, M Tubrett, Henry P Longerich, Simon E Jackson, Norman M Halden, J M Kalish, Philip M Piccoli
    Abstract:

    The elemental composition of fish Otoliths is of considerable interest to those who wish to reconstruct temperature, migration, or environmental histories of individual fish based on assays of the otolith growth sequence. However, reported differences in otolith elemental composition among studies may be due in part to performance differences among four of the most popular instruments for targeted elemental analysis: wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe (WD-EM), energy-dispersive electron microprobe (ED-EM), proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). To rigorously compare the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of these four analytical tools, the International Otolith Composition Experimentdistributed blind-labelled real and artificial Otoliths of known but varied elemental composition to eight laboratories for assay of 10 selected elements. No one instrument type was sensitive to each element, nor was any one instrument preferred for use in all assays. In general however, abundant elements such as Na and K could only be measured accurately with an electron microprobe, while the trace elements required PIXE or LA-ICPMS. Strontium could be measured with considerable accuracy and precision by WD-EM, PIXE, and LA-ICPMS. The presence of significant, and occasionally large, differences among laboratories suggests that comparisons among published studies should be made cautiously and only after appropriate calibration. Resume : La composition elementaire des otolithes de poisson est d'une importance considerable pour ceux qui desirent reconstruire les antecedents de poissons individuels du point de vue de la temperature, de la migration ou de l'environnement a partir d'essais realises sur la sequence de croissance des otolithes. Toutefois, les differences signalees dans les etudes en ce qui a trait a la composition elementaire des otolithes peuvent etre attribuables en partie a des differences de rendement dans quatre des appareils les plus utilises pour l'analyse d'elements cibles : la microsonde electronique a dispersion de longueur d'onde (WD-EM), la microsonde electronique a dispersion d'energie (ED-EM), l'emission X induite par proton (PIXE) et l'ablation par laser et spectrometrie de masse avec plasma induit par haute frequence (LA-ICPMS). Pour comparer rigoureusement la sensibilite, la justesse et la fidelite de ces quatre outils d'analyse, l' International Otolith Composition Experiment a distribue des otolithes reels ou artificiels etiquetes a l'insu de compositions elementaires connues mais variees a

  • factors determining δ13c and δ18o fractionation in aragonitic Otoliths of marine fish
    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997
    Co-Authors: Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M Jones, Peter K Swart
    Abstract:

    Fish Otoliths are aragonitic accretions located within the inner ear of teleost fish. The acellular nature of Otoliths, along with taxon-specific shapes, chronological growth increments, and abundance in the fossil record suggest that the stable isotope chemistry of these structures may be unique recorders of environmental conditions experienced by fish in both modem and ancient water masses. To assess the factors determining S i3C and 6 "0 fractionation in fish Otoliths, we reared Atlantic croaker (Micropo- gonias undulutus) larvae under controlled environmental conditions. Metabolic effects apparently gener- ated large isotopic disequilibria in the S13C values of M. undulutus Otoliths. We found evidence of a negative regression between 6 i3Ccarbonate-6 '3Cwate, ( A13C) and temperature: A13C = -1.78 - 0.18 T"C However, this relationship was aliased to a degree by a positive correlation between Ai3C and somatic growth and otolith precipitation rates. Oxygen isotopes were deposited close to equilibrium with the ambient water. The relationship between temperature and the 180/'60 fractionation factor ((Y) was determined empirically to be: 1000 In cy = 18.56( lo3 T K-l) - 32.54 The fractionation factor was not affected by either otolith precipitation or fish growth rates. Reconstruction of water temperature histories should, therefore, be possible from the S"O values of M. undulatus Otoliths with a nrecision of 1°C nrovidina the S'*O of the ambient water can be estimated. Copyright 0 1997 Else&r Science Ltd _ -

  • experimental assessment of the effect of temperature and salinity on elemental composition of Otoliths using laser ablation icpms
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995
    Co-Authors: Anthony J. Fowler, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M Jones, Simon R. Thorrold
    Abstract:

    Laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) is a new technique that can be used for the multielemental analysis of Otoliths at specific loci. This method was used to sample the Otoliths of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), reared under different constant regimes of temperature and salinity, to determine whether the elemental composition of Otoliths changes ontogenetically. Each otolith was sampled at a number of loci, beginning at the center and then every 500 μm along the longest axis to near the edge; of 23 isotopes measured simultaneously at each locus, 18 were standardized to 48Ca and included in analyses. The elemental composition at otolith centers and near their edges differed significantly amongst treatments, with the effect of temperature a stronger influence. Elemental composition also varied across Otoliths from within treatments, indicating endogenous effects. Ontogenetic patterns differed amongst treatments, indicating that endogenous control was mediate...

  • experimental assessment of the effect of temperature and salinity on elemental composition of Otoliths using solution based icpms
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995
    Co-Authors: Anthony J. Fowler, Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M Jones
    Abstract:

    Retrospective determination of the early life history of fish using the microelemental analysis of their Otoliths is dependent upon understanding the factors that affect this elemental composition. Here, juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) were reared under different treatments of temperature and salinity to determine their impacts on elemental inclusion rates in Otoliths. Solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure 21 isotopes in each otolith: isotopic concentrations ranged over seven orders of magnitude, and differed significantly amongst the temperature–salinity regimes. Univariate analyses identified 13 isotopes that contributed to these multivariate differences; the influence of temperature was stronger than that of salinity. Within each treatment there was a significant relationship between otolith microchemistry and otolith size. To some extent this confounded the interpretation of the between-treatment effect of temperature. In contrast, ...

Anthony J. Fowler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Experimental assessment of the effect of temperature and salinity on elemental composition of Otoliths using laser ablation ICPMS
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Anthony J. Fowler, Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M. Jones
    Abstract:

    Retrospective determination of the early life history of fish using the microelemental analysis of their Otoliths is dependent upon understanding the factors that affect this elemental composition. Here, juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) were reared under different treatments of temperature and salinity to determine their impacts on elemental inclusion rates in Otoliths. Solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure 21 isotopes in each otolith: isotopic concentrations ranged over seven orders of magnitude, and differed significantly amongst the temperature–salinity regimes. Univariate analyses identified 13 isotopes that contributed to these multivariate differences; the influence of temperature was stronger than that of salinity. Within each treatment there was a significant relationship between otolith microchemistry and otolith size. To some extent this confounded the interpretation of the between-treatment effect of temperature. In contrast, both the otolith and somatic growth rates were similar between the two salinity treatments, indicating that differences in elemental fingerprints were unambiguously related to the salinity difference, probably a response to the elemental concentrations in the tank water. Overall the study highlighted the current poor understanding of the mechanism of contamination of Otoliths by trace elements and their incorporation into the otolith microstructure.

  • experimental assessment of the effect of temperature and salinity on elemental composition of Otoliths using laser ablation icpms
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995
    Co-Authors: Anthony J. Fowler, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M Jones, Simon R. Thorrold
    Abstract:

    Laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) is a new technique that can be used for the multielemental analysis of Otoliths at specific loci. This method was used to sample the Otoliths of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), reared under different constant regimes of temperature and salinity, to determine whether the elemental composition of Otoliths changes ontogenetically. Each otolith was sampled at a number of loci, beginning at the center and then every 500 μm along the longest axis to near the edge; of 23 isotopes measured simultaneously at each locus, 18 were standardized to 48Ca and included in analyses. The elemental composition at otolith centers and near their edges differed significantly amongst treatments, with the effect of temperature a stronger influence. Elemental composition also varied across Otoliths from within treatments, indicating endogenous effects. Ontogenetic patterns differed amongst treatments, indicating that endogenous control was mediate...

  • experimental assessment of the effect of temperature and salinity on elemental composition of Otoliths using solution based icpms
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995
    Co-Authors: Anthony J. Fowler, Simon R. Thorrold, Steven E Campana, Cynthia M Jones
    Abstract:

    Retrospective determination of the early life history of fish using the microelemental analysis of their Otoliths is dependent upon understanding the factors that affect this elemental composition. Here, juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) were reared under different treatments of temperature and salinity to determine their impacts on elemental inclusion rates in Otoliths. Solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure 21 isotopes in each otolith: isotopic concentrations ranged over seven orders of magnitude, and differed significantly amongst the temperature–salinity regimes. Univariate analyses identified 13 isotopes that contributed to these multivariate differences; the influence of temperature was stronger than that of salinity. Within each treatment there was a significant relationship between otolith microchemistry and otolith size. To some extent this confounded the interpretation of the between-treatment effect of temperature. In contrast, ...

  • Experimental assessment of the effect of temperature and salinity on elemental composition of Otoliths using solution-based ICPMS
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995
    Co-Authors: Anthony J. Fowler, Cynthia M. Jones, Steven E Campana, Simon R. Thorrold
    Abstract:

    Retrospective determination of the early life history of fish using the microelemental analysis of their Otoliths is dependent upon understanding the factors that affect this elemental composition. Here, juvenile Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) were reared under different treatments of temperature and salinity to determine their impacts on elemental inclusion rates in Otoliths. Solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure 21 isotopes in each otolith: isotopic concentrations ranged over seven orders of magnitude, and differed significantly amongst the temperature-salinity regimes. Univariate analyses identified 13 isotopes that contributed to these multivariate differences; the influence of temperature was stronger than that of salinity. Within each treatment there was a significant relationship between otolith microchemistry and otolith size. To some extent this confounded the interpretation of the between-treatment effect of temperature. In contrast, both the otolith and somatic growth rates were similar between the two salinity treatments, indicating that differences in elemental fingerprints were unambiguously related to the salinity difference, probably a response to the elemental concentrations in the tank water. Overall the study highlighted the current poor understanding of the mechanism of contamination of Otoliths by trace elements and their incorporation into the otolith microstructure.

Bronwyn M Gillanders - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Otoliths in archaeology methods applications and future prospects
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Morgan C F Disspain, Bronwyn M Gillanders
    Abstract:

    Otoliths are small structures found in the inner ear of teleost fish that act as organs of equilibrium and as direction and sound detectors. They possess unique characteristics that set them apart from other skeletal structures, notably a continuous growth structure deposited on a daily basis. While otolith analyses are widely employed in modern fisheries studies, they have slowly been increasing within archaeological and palaeoenvironmental research. This paper overviews the development and future prospects of otolith studies in archaeology. The main methods of analysis are outlined and major advances and research in each area detailed. In spite of some limitations, the benefits and unique information that otolith analyses can provide ensure that Otoliths should be an important part of archaeological research. Continuing development of methods and technologies within this area will serve to further increase the importance and use of Otoliths, while raising the profile of this unique resource.

  • facilitation of barium uptake into fish Otoliths influence of strontium concentration and salinity
    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2005
    Co-Authors: Melita C De Vries, Bronwyn M Gillanders, Travis S Elsdon
    Abstract:

    To reconstruct patterns of fish migration using otolith chemistry, it is essential to validate the relationship between elements in Otoliths and the surrounding water, and in particular, how processes such as competition and facilitation among multiple elements influence otolith chemistry. Using a controlled laboratory experiment, juvenile black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) were reared in both brackish and seawater spiked with different concentrations of Sr and Ba. The addition of Sr to the solution facilitated the uptake of Ba into Otoliths of fish reared in brackish water, but not in seawater. Conversely, Ba did not facilitate nor compete with the uptake of Sr in either brackish or seawater. In brackish water, Sr incorporation into Otoliths may create crystal defects within the CaCO3 matrix, enabling greater incorporation of Ba. Ba:Ca partition coefficients (DBa) for brackish and seawater were 0.058 and 0.136, respectively, whereas Sr:Ca partition coefficients (DSr) for brackish and seawater were 0.463 and 0.287, respectively. The influence of Sr on Ba incorporation in fish Otoliths is important to consider when reconstructing migration histories of fish, especially in brackish water environments.

  • alternative life history patterns of estuarine fish barium in Otoliths elucidates freshwater residency
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2005
    Co-Authors: Travis S Elsdon, Bronwyn M Gillanders
    Abstract:

    Elemental concentrations in fish Otoliths (earstones) can reconstruct environmental histories of fish if predictable relationships between the environment and elemental incorporation are established. We assessed whether fresh water occupancy of black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) can be inferred from otolith barium concentrations (Ba was standardized to calcium (Ca) and expressed as a ratio, Ba:Ca). Otolith Ba:Ca of fish was correlated with ambient Ba:Ca. Using the natural relationships of increasing ambient and otolith Ba:Ca with decreasing salinity, fish from fresh- and salt-water environments were distinguishable. Fish caught in fresh water had approximately double the otolith Ba:Ca of those from salt-water estuaries, for both summer and winter collections. Fish with otolith Ba:Ca ≤5 µmol·mol–1 were classified as resident in salt water, and those with ≥6 µmol·mol–1 as resident in fresh water. Transects of Ba:Ca across fish Otoliths classified fish to fresh- or salt-water environments. Fish were identi...

  • Reconstructing migratory patterns of fish based on environmental influences on otolith chemistry
    Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2003
    Co-Authors: Travis S Elsdon, Bronwyn M Gillanders
    Abstract:

    The analysis of elements in calcifiedstructures of fish (e.g., Otoliths) todiscriminate among fish stocks and determineconnectivity between populations is becomingwidespread in fisheries research. Recently, theconcentrations of elements in Otoliths arebeing analysed on finer scales that allow thedetermination of a continuous record of otolithchemistry over a fish's entire life history.These elemental concentrations can potentiallybe used to reconstruct migration patterns,based upon the influence that water chemistry,temperature, and salinity have on otolithchemistry. In doing so, assumptions are madeabout how environmental and biological factorsinfluence the concentration of elements in fishOtoliths. However, there have been fewexperiments that have tested crucialassumptions regarding what influences elementaluptake and incorporation into fish Otoliths.Specifically, knowledge regarding interactionsamong environmental variables, such as theambient concentration of elements in water,temperature, and salinity, and how they mayaffect otolith chemistry, is limited.Similarly, our understanding of the rate atwhich elements are incorporated into Otolithsand the implications this may have forinterpretations is lacking. This reviewdiscusses methods of determining movement offish, the development of otolith research, andsome physiological aspects of Otoliths (e.g.,pathways of elemental uptake). The types ofanalysis techniques that will lead to reliableand accurate migratory reconstructions areoutlined. The effects that have on otolith chemistry arereviewed with the specific aim of highlightingareas lacking environmentalvariables in experimental data. Theinfluences of the rate of elementalincorporation and ontogeny on otolith chemistryare also addressed. Finally, future researchdirections are suggested that will fill thegaps in our current knowledge of otolithchemistry. Hypotheses that need to be tested inorder to reconstruct the migratory histories offish are outlined, in a bid to clarify thedirection that research should take beforecomplex reconstructions are attempted.

  • temporal and spatial variability in elemental composition of Otoliths implications for determining stock identity and connectivity of populations
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2002
    Co-Authors: Bronwyn M Gillanders
    Abstract:

    Interannual variability in elemental composition of Otoliths may confound spatial interpretations. The elemental fingerprints of Otoliths of juvenile fish were determined for fish collected from 12 to 15 estuaries in each of three consecutive recruitment years to determine temporal variation in otolith chemistry for each estuary. It was also examined whether there is overlap in elemental fingerprints of fish collected in different years and from different estuaries that may confound subsequent spatial comparisons. Significant differences in otolith chemistry were found among years for individual elements (lithium, manganese, strontium, and barium) and for multi-element fingerprints. Some estuaries showed large variation in multi-element fingerprints among years, whereas others showed little variation among years. There was some overlap of elemental fingerprints of different estuaries, but these were not always for fish collected in the same year. The significant spatial and temporal variation in elemental...

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