The Experts below are selected from a list of 7479 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alison E Field - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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longitudinal associations between binge eating and Overeating and adverse outcomes among adolescents and young adults does loss of control matter
JAMA Pediatrics, 2013Co-Authors: Kendrin R Sonneville, Ross D. Crosby, Nicholas J Horton, Nadia Micali, Sonja A Swanson, Francesca Solmi, Alison E FieldAbstract:Objective To investigate the association between Overeating (without loss of control) and binge eating (Overeating with loss of control) and adverse outcomes. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Adolescents and young adults living throughout the United States. Participants Sixteen thousand eight hundred eighty-two males and females participating in the Growing Up Today Study who were 9 to 15 years old at enrollment in 1996. Main Exposure Overeating and binge eating assessed via questionnaire every 12 to 24 months between 1996 and 2005. Main Outcome Measures Risk of becoming overweight or obese, starting to binge drink frequently, starting to use marijuana, starting to use other drugs, and developing high levels of depressive symptoms. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations. All models controlled for age and sex; additional covariates varied by outcome. Results Among this large cohort of adolescents and young adults, binge eating was more common among females than males. In fully adjusted models, binge eating, but not Overeating, was associated with incident overweight/obesity (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.11-2.69) and the onset of high depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.40-3.45). Neither Overeating nor binge eating was associated with starting to binge drink frequently, while both Overeating and binge eating predicted starting to use marijuana and other drugs. Conclusions Although any Overeating, with or without loss of control, predicted the onset of marijuana and other drug use, we found that binge eating is uniquely predictive of incident overweight/obesity and the onset of high depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that loss of control is an important indicator of severity of Overeating episodes.
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a prospective study of Overeating binge eating and depressive symptoms among adolescent and young adult women
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2012Co-Authors: Hayley H Skinner, Alison E Field, Jess Haines, Bryn S AustinAbstract:Abstract Purpose To investigate the temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and Overeating and binge eating among adolescent and young adult females in the United States. Methods We investigated incident Overeating, binge eating, and depressive symptoms among 4,798 females in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study of adolescents and young adults throughout the United States. Participants who reported at least monthly episodes of eating a very large amount of food in a short amount of time in the past year, but not experiencing a loss of control, were classified as overeaters. Those who reported a loss of control while Overeating were classified as binge eaters. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the McKnight Risk Factor Survey. Participants were followed between 1999 and 2003. Generalized estimating equations were used for lagged analysis with time-varying covariates. Analyses were adjusted for age, age at menarche, body mass index, and follow-up time. Results Females reporting depressive symptoms at baseline were two times more likely than their peers to start Overeating (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 2.5) and binge eating (OR = 2.3; 95% CI=1.7, 3.0) during the follow-up. Similarly, females engaging in Overeating (OR = 1.9; 95% CI=1.1, 3.4) or binge eating (OR = 1.9; 95% CI=1.2, 2.9) at baseline were two times more likely than their peers to develop depressive symptoms during the follow-up. Conclusions These results indicate that it is important to consider depressive symptoms in Overeating and binge eating prevention and treatment initiatives targeting adolescent and young adult females.
Caroline Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eHealth Treatments for Compulsive Overeating: a Narrative Review
Current Addiction Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Elnaz Moghimi, Caroline Davis, Michael RotondiAbstract:Electronic or eHealth technologies have resulted in a progressive transformation of healthcare delivery, leading to greater treatment access, and more informed and individualized clinician-patient relationships. These characteristics are especially important for individuals who suffer from compulsive Overeating and related disorders such as binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa—where personal feelings of shame and fear, high costs and low treatment availability may deter individuals from obtaining appropriate care. In the following narrative review, the efficacy of eHealth interventions for the treatment of compulsive Overeating is explored. The key benefits of the treatments—which mainly consist of internet cognitive behavioural therapy—are their convenience and ease of access; their ability for the individual to retain anonymity; and the provision of continuous support. Despite these advantages, high dropouts and low completion rates continue to pose a problem in eHealth therapies. Therefore, such treatments need to enhance engagement by including a diverse range of multimedia formats and to improve therapist interaction on these platforms. This is especially important considering that patients who exhibit compulsive Overeating behaviours tend to have an elevated sensitivity to reward and pleasurable stimuli and a greater need for positive human support. The findings suggest that the more interactive, engaging and person-centered the treatment is, the more appealing it will be to those suffering from compulsive Overeating. Therefore, in order to enhance adherence and therapeutic success, it will behoove future studies to assess the features of eHealth treatments to determine what could be modified in order to enhance their efficacy and appeal to patients.
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polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene and Overeating the intermediary role of endophenotypic risk factors
Nutrition & Diabetes, 2017Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, James L Kennedy, Karen A Patte, Clement C ZaiAbstract:Polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene and Overeating: the intermediary role of endophenotypic risk factors
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genetic similarities between compulsive Overeating and addiction phenotypes a case for food addiction
Current Psychiatry Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Nina Carlier, Caroline Davis, Victoria Marshe, Jana Cmorejova, Daniel J MullerAbstract:There exists a continuous spectrum of Overeating, where at the extremes there are casual overindulgences and at the other a ‘pathological’ drive to consume palatable foods. It has been proposed that pathological eating behaviors may be the result of addictive appetitive behavior and loss of ability to regulate the consumption of highly processed foods containing refined carbohydrates, fats, salt, and caffeine. In this review, we highlight the genetic similarities underlying substance addiction phenotypes and Overeating compulsions seen in individuals with binge eating disorder. We relate these similarities to findings from neuroimaging studies on reward processing and clinical diagnostic criteria based on addiction phenotypes. The abundance of similarities between compulsive Overeating and substance addictions puts forth a case for a ‘food addiction’ phenotype as a valid, diagnosable disorder.
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food addiction and its association with a dopaminergic multilocus genetic profile
Physiology & Behavior, 2013Co-Authors: Jacqueline C. Carter, Natalie J. Loxton, Allan S. Kaplan, Caroline Davis, Robert D Levitan, James L KennedyAbstract:Abstract Background Our objective was to employ a novel genetic methodology – whereby functional variants of the dopamine pathway were aggregated to reflect a polygenic liability – in the study of food addiction. We anticipated that the composite index of elevated dopamine signaling (a multilocus genetic profile score [MLGP]) would distinguish those with a designation of food addiction (according to the Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS] criteria), and age and weight equivalent controls. Our second aim was to assess whether this index was positively associated with eating-related sub-phenotypes of food addiction (e.g. binge eating and food cravings). Methods Adults (n = 120) recruited from the community were solicited for an Overeating/overweight study. Eating-behavior questionnaires were completed and a blood sample was taken for genotyping. Results and conclusions The YFAS identified 21 participants with food addiction. As predicted, the MLGP score was higher in those with YFAS-diagnosed food addiction, and it correlated positively with binge eating, food cravings, and emotional Overeating. We then tested a multiple-mediation model proposing that reward-driven Overeating facilitates the relationship between the MLGP score and food addiction. The model was statistically significant, supporting the view that the relationship between a composite genetic index of dopamine signaling and food addiction is mediated by certain aspects of reward-responsive Overeating.
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Compulsive Overeating as an addiction disorder. A review of theory and evidence.
Appetite, 2009Co-Authors: Caroline DavisAbstract:In this paper we argue that compulsive Overeating has compelling similarities to conventional drug addiction. Our case is based on their comparable clinical features, the biological mechanisms they have in common, and on evidence that the two disorders have a shared diathesis. In making the argument for Overeating as an addictive behaviour, it is clearly not appropriate to include all cases of excessive food consumption in this taxon. Nor are we claiming that obesity and addiction are one and the same. However, it is proposed that Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a phenotype particularly well-suited to such a conceptualization, and that sound clinical and scientific evidence exists to support this viewpoint. We have provided some recommendations for treatment modifications that recognize the similarities between treating drug dependence and compulsive Overeating.
Susan B Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high glycemic index foods hunger and obesity is there a connection
Nutrition Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: Susan B RobertsAbstract:The relative importance of different dietary causes of obesity remains controversial. This review examines whether consumption of high-glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates may be a contributing factor. Although data from long-term studies are lacking, short-term investigations indicate that consumption of high-GI carbohydrates may increase hunger and promote Overeating relative to consumption of items with a lower GI. As long-term research on GI and weight regulation accumulates, consumption of whole grain and lower GI cereals instead of highly refined cereals is a dietary change that may help prevent Overeating and is consistent with current dietary guidelines.
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high glycemic index foods Overeating and obesity
Pediatrics, 1999Co-Authors: David S Ludwig, Joseph A Majzoub, Ahmad Alzahrani, Gerard E Dallal, Isaac Blanco, Susan B RobertsAbstract:Objective. The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the role of dietary composition in body weight regulation remains unclear. The purpose of this work was to investigate the acute effects of dietary glycemic index (GI) on energy metabolism and voluntary food intake in obese subjects. Methods. Twelve obese teenage boys were evaluated on three separate occasions using a crossover study protocol. During each evaluation, subjects consumed identical test meals at breakfast and lunch that had a low, medium, or high GI. The high- and medium-GI meals were designed to have similar macronutrient composition, fiber content, and palatability, and all meals for each subject had equal energy content. After breakfast, plasma and serum concentrations of metabolic fuels and hormones were measured. Ad libitum food intake was determined in the 5-hour period after lunch. Results. Voluntary energy intake after the high-GI meal (5.8 megajoule [mJ]) was 53% greater than after the medium-GI meal (3.8 mJ), and 81% greater than after the low-GI meal (3.2 mJ). In addition, compared with the low-GI meal, the high-GI meal resulted in higher serum insulin levels, lower plasma glucagon levels, lower postabsorptive plasma glucose and serum fatty acids levels, and elevation in plasma epinephrine. The area under the glycemic response curve for each test meal accounted for 53% of the variance in food intake within subjects. Conclusions. The rapid absorption of glucose after consumption of high-GI meals induces a sequence of hormonal and metabolic changes that promote excessive food intake in obese subjects. Additional studies are needed to examine the relationship between dietary GI and long-term body weight regulation. glycemic index, obesity, dietary carbohydrate, diets, insulin.
Nancy M Petry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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obesity and its relationship to addictions is Overeating a form of addictive behavior
American Journal on Addictions, 2009Co-Authors: Danielle Barry, Megan Clarke, Nancy M PetryAbstract:Obesity is a major public health problem and notoriously difficult to treat. There are many parallels between obesity/Overeating and addictions to alcohol and drugs. This paper discusses similarities between obesity and addictive disorders, including common personality characteristics, disruptive behavior syndromes, and brain mechanisms. Although there are important differences between Overeating and other addictive behaviors, an addiction model of Overeating may effectively inform prevention and treatment of obesity.
James L Kennedy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene and Overeating the intermediary role of endophenotypic risk factors
Nutrition & Diabetes, 2017Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, James L Kennedy, Karen A Patte, Clement C ZaiAbstract:Polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene and Overeating: the intermediary role of endophenotypic risk factors
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food addiction and its association with a dopaminergic multilocus genetic profile
Physiology & Behavior, 2013Co-Authors: Jacqueline C. Carter, Natalie J. Loxton, Allan S. Kaplan, Caroline Davis, Robert D Levitan, James L KennedyAbstract:Abstract Background Our objective was to employ a novel genetic methodology – whereby functional variants of the dopamine pathway were aggregated to reflect a polygenic liability – in the study of food addiction. We anticipated that the composite index of elevated dopamine signaling (a multilocus genetic profile score [MLGP]) would distinguish those with a designation of food addiction (according to the Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS] criteria), and age and weight equivalent controls. Our second aim was to assess whether this index was positively associated with eating-related sub-phenotypes of food addiction (e.g. binge eating and food cravings). Methods Adults (n = 120) recruited from the community were solicited for an Overeating/overweight study. Eating-behavior questionnaires were completed and a blood sample was taken for genotyping. Results and conclusions The YFAS identified 21 participants with food addiction. As predicted, the MLGP score was higher in those with YFAS-diagnosed food addiction, and it correlated positively with binge eating, food cravings, and emotional Overeating. We then tested a multiple-mediation model proposing that reward-driven Overeating facilitates the relationship between the MLGP score and food addiction. The model was statistically significant, supporting the view that the relationship between a composite genetic index of dopamine signaling and food addiction is mediated by certain aspects of reward-responsive Overeating.
