The Experts below are selected from a list of 15 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael A Kamm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adverse Effects of Drugs Used in the Management of Constipation and Diarrhoea
Drug Safety, 2012Co-Authors: Jenny M. Gattuso, Michael A KammAbstract:Most laxatives, if used intermittently in the absence of contraindications, are relatively safe. Bulking agents may diminish absorption of some minerals and drugs, but this is not usually clinically significant. Ispaghula can cause serious allergic reactions. The chronic ingestion of stimulant laxatives has been blamed for the development of the ‘cathartic colon’, but there are no definitive studies which have demonstrated this. Dantron (danthron) preparations should only be used in older patients and the terminally ill because of the risk of hepatotoxicity with this drug. Oral Oxyphenisatine should no longer be used. Senna would appear to be the stimulant laxative of choice during pregnancy and lactation. Bisacodyl is the polyphenolic derivative of choice. Lactulose, sorbitol and lactilol rarely cause significant adverse effects. Magnesium salt laxatives and phosphate enemas can cause serious metabolic disturbances in babies and young children. Liquid paraffin is contraindicated if there is any risk of aspiration. Interference with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins would not appear to be clinically significant. Docusate sodium may potentiate the hepatotoxicity of other drugs, but reports of this are rare. The role of cisapride in constipation has not been established.
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Adverse Effects of Drugs Used in the Management of Constipation and Diarrhoea
Drug Safety, 1994Co-Authors: Jenny M. Gattuso, Michael A KammAbstract:Most laxatives, if used intermittently in the absence of contraindications, are relatively safe. Bulking agents may diminish absorption of some minerals and drugs, but this is not usually clinically significant. Ispaghula can cause serious allergic reactions. The chronic ingestion of stimulant laxatives has been blamed for the development of the ‘cathartic colon’, but there are no definitive studies which have demonstrated this. Dantron (danthron) preparations should only be used in older patients and the terminally ill because of the risk of hepatotoxicity with this drug. Oral Oxyphenisatine should no longer be used. Senna would appear to be the stimulant laxative of choice during pregnancy and lactation. Bisacodyl is the polyphenolic derivative of choice. Lactulose, sorbitol and lactilol rarely cause significant adverse effects. Magnesium salt laxatives and phosphate enemas can cause serious metabolic disturbances in babies and young children. Liquid paraffin is contraindicated if there is any risk of aspiration. Interference with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins would not appear to be clinically significant. Docusate sodium may potentiate the hepatotoxicity of other drugs, but reports of this are rare. The role of cisapride in constipation has not been established. Antidiarrhoeal drugs are second line drugs whose use is aimed at minimising inconvenience and discomfort. No antidiarrhoeals can be recommended for children under 4 years of age. Loperamide is the drug of choice in older children and adults. The atropine component of diphenoxylate/atropine combinations can cause significant adverse effects. Bismuth salicylate is an inconvenient treatment for travellerss’ diarrhoea as large frequent doses of the liquid formulation are needed. Some bismuth can be absorbed and there is the potential to cause encephalopathy. Octreotide, methysergide and cholestyramine have a role for specific causes of diarrhoea only. Octreotide is effective in high output states from the small or large bowel, with few adverse effects. Clonidine and lidamidine may have a role in the treatment of chronic diabetic diarrhoea. The role of lidamidine in nondiabetic chronic diarrhoea has not been established.
Jenny M. Gattuso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adverse Effects of Drugs Used in the Management of Constipation and Diarrhoea
Drug Safety, 2012Co-Authors: Jenny M. Gattuso, Michael A KammAbstract:Most laxatives, if used intermittently in the absence of contraindications, are relatively safe. Bulking agents may diminish absorption of some minerals and drugs, but this is not usually clinically significant. Ispaghula can cause serious allergic reactions. The chronic ingestion of stimulant laxatives has been blamed for the development of the ‘cathartic colon’, but there are no definitive studies which have demonstrated this. Dantron (danthron) preparations should only be used in older patients and the terminally ill because of the risk of hepatotoxicity with this drug. Oral Oxyphenisatine should no longer be used. Senna would appear to be the stimulant laxative of choice during pregnancy and lactation. Bisacodyl is the polyphenolic derivative of choice. Lactulose, sorbitol and lactilol rarely cause significant adverse effects. Magnesium salt laxatives and phosphate enemas can cause serious metabolic disturbances in babies and young children. Liquid paraffin is contraindicated if there is any risk of aspiration. Interference with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins would not appear to be clinically significant. Docusate sodium may potentiate the hepatotoxicity of other drugs, but reports of this are rare. The role of cisapride in constipation has not been established.
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Adverse Effects of Drugs Used in the Management of Constipation and Diarrhoea
Drug Safety, 1994Co-Authors: Jenny M. Gattuso, Michael A KammAbstract:Most laxatives, if used intermittently in the absence of contraindications, are relatively safe. Bulking agents may diminish absorption of some minerals and drugs, but this is not usually clinically significant. Ispaghula can cause serious allergic reactions. The chronic ingestion of stimulant laxatives has been blamed for the development of the ‘cathartic colon’, but there are no definitive studies which have demonstrated this. Dantron (danthron) preparations should only be used in older patients and the terminally ill because of the risk of hepatotoxicity with this drug. Oral Oxyphenisatine should no longer be used. Senna would appear to be the stimulant laxative of choice during pregnancy and lactation. Bisacodyl is the polyphenolic derivative of choice. Lactulose, sorbitol and lactilol rarely cause significant adverse effects. Magnesium salt laxatives and phosphate enemas can cause serious metabolic disturbances in babies and young children. Liquid paraffin is contraindicated if there is any risk of aspiration. Interference with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins would not appear to be clinically significant. Docusate sodium may potentiate the hepatotoxicity of other drugs, but reports of this are rare. The role of cisapride in constipation has not been established. Antidiarrhoeal drugs are second line drugs whose use is aimed at minimising inconvenience and discomfort. No antidiarrhoeals can be recommended for children under 4 years of age. Loperamide is the drug of choice in older children and adults. The atropine component of diphenoxylate/atropine combinations can cause significant adverse effects. Bismuth salicylate is an inconvenient treatment for travellerss’ diarrhoea as large frequent doses of the liquid formulation are needed. Some bismuth can be absorbed and there is the potential to cause encephalopathy. Octreotide, methysergide and cholestyramine have a role for specific causes of diarrhoea only. Octreotide is effective in high output states from the small or large bowel, with few adverse effects. Clonidine and lidamidine may have a role in the treatment of chronic diabetic diarrhoea. The role of lidamidine in nondiabetic chronic diarrhoea has not been established.
Søren Jensby Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel small molecule drugs inhibit tumor cell metabolism and show potent anti-tumorigenic potential
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Christina Trojel-hansen, Kamille Dumong Erichsen, Mette Knak Christensen, Peter Buhl Jensen, Maxwell Sehested, Søren Jensby NielsenAbstract:Background Rapidly dividing tumor cells have an increased demand for nutrients to support their characteristic unabated growth; this demand is met by an increased availability of nutrients such as amino acids through vasculogenesis and by the enhanced cellular entry of nutrients through the upregulation of specific transporters. Deprivation of intracellular amino acids or block of amino acid uptake has been shown to be cytotoxic to many established human cancer cell lines in vitro and in human cancer xenograft models. Results In this paper, we provide evidence that the two small molecule Oxyphenisatine analogs TOP001 and TOP216 exert their anti-cancer effect by affecting tumor cell metabolism and inducing intracellular amino acid deprivation, leading to a block of cell proliferation. GCN2-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α as well as mTOR pathway inhibition supports the above notion. In addition, these novel anti-cancer compounds inhibit DNA and protein synthesis and induce apoptosis in a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. In vivo, the compounds induce tumor stasis and regression in mouse xenograft models of human breast, prostate, ovarian and pancreatic cancer, both when administered intravenously and orally. Conclusion In conclusion, these small molecules, built on a 1,3-dihydroindole-2-one scaffold, elicit strong anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity, and importantly, a strong anti-tumorigenicity is observed in in vivo xenograft models of human breast, ovary, prostate and pancreatic cancers encouraging the translation of this class of compounds into the clinic.
Christina Trojel-hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel small molecule drugs inhibit tumor cell metabolism and show potent anti-tumorigenic potential
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Christina Trojel-hansen, Kamille Dumong Erichsen, Mette Knak Christensen, Peter Buhl Jensen, Maxwell Sehested, Søren Jensby NielsenAbstract:Background Rapidly dividing tumor cells have an increased demand for nutrients to support their characteristic unabated growth; this demand is met by an increased availability of nutrients such as amino acids through vasculogenesis and by the enhanced cellular entry of nutrients through the upregulation of specific transporters. Deprivation of intracellular amino acids or block of amino acid uptake has been shown to be cytotoxic to many established human cancer cell lines in vitro and in human cancer xenograft models. Results In this paper, we provide evidence that the two small molecule Oxyphenisatine analogs TOP001 and TOP216 exert their anti-cancer effect by affecting tumor cell metabolism and inducing intracellular amino acid deprivation, leading to a block of cell proliferation. GCN2-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α as well as mTOR pathway inhibition supports the above notion. In addition, these novel anti-cancer compounds inhibit DNA and protein synthesis and induce apoptosis in a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. In vivo, the compounds induce tumor stasis and regression in mouse xenograft models of human breast, prostate, ovarian and pancreatic cancer, both when administered intravenously and orally. Conclusion In conclusion, these small molecules, built on a 1,3-dihydroindole-2-one scaffold, elicit strong anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity, and importantly, a strong anti-tumorigenicity is observed in in vivo xenograft models of human breast, ovary, prostate and pancreatic cancers encouraging the translation of this class of compounds into the clinic.
Kamille Dumong Erichsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel small molecule drugs inhibit tumor cell metabolism and show potent anti-tumorigenic potential
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Christina Trojel-hansen, Kamille Dumong Erichsen, Mette Knak Christensen, Peter Buhl Jensen, Maxwell Sehested, Søren Jensby NielsenAbstract:Background Rapidly dividing tumor cells have an increased demand for nutrients to support their characteristic unabated growth; this demand is met by an increased availability of nutrients such as amino acids through vasculogenesis and by the enhanced cellular entry of nutrients through the upregulation of specific transporters. Deprivation of intracellular amino acids or block of amino acid uptake has been shown to be cytotoxic to many established human cancer cell lines in vitro and in human cancer xenograft models. Results In this paper, we provide evidence that the two small molecule Oxyphenisatine analogs TOP001 and TOP216 exert their anti-cancer effect by affecting tumor cell metabolism and inducing intracellular amino acid deprivation, leading to a block of cell proliferation. GCN2-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α as well as mTOR pathway inhibition supports the above notion. In addition, these novel anti-cancer compounds inhibit DNA and protein synthesis and induce apoptosis in a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. In vivo, the compounds induce tumor stasis and regression in mouse xenograft models of human breast, prostate, ovarian and pancreatic cancer, both when administered intravenously and orally. Conclusion In conclusion, these small molecules, built on a 1,3-dihydroindole-2-one scaffold, elicit strong anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity, and importantly, a strong anti-tumorigenicity is observed in in vivo xenograft models of human breast, ovary, prostate and pancreatic cancers encouraging the translation of this class of compounds into the clinic.
