The Experts below are selected from a list of 921 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
M. Amin Karami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using an elastic magnifier to increase power output and performance of heart-beat harvesters
Smart materials & structures, 2017Co-Authors: Antonio C. Galbier, M. Amin KaramiAbstract:Embedded piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) systems in medical Pacemakers have been a growing and innovative research area. The goal of these systems, at present, is to remove the Pacemaker Battery, which makes up 60%-80% of the unit, and replace it with a sustainable power source. This requires that energy harvesting systems provide sufficient power, 1-3 μW, for operating a Pacemaker. The goal of this work is to develop, test, and simulate cantilevered energy harvesters with a linear elastic magnifier (LEM). This research hopes to provide insight into the interaction between Pacemaker energy harvesters and the heart. By introducing the elastic magnifier into linear and nonlinear systems oscillations of the tip are encouraged into high energy orbits and large tip deflections. A continuous nonlinear model is presented for the bistable piezoelectric energy harvesting (BPEH) system and a one-degree-of-freedom linear mass-spring-damper model is presented for the elastic magnifier. The elastic magnifier will not consider the damping negligible, unlike most models. A physical model was created for the bistable structure and formed to an elastic magnifier. A hydrogel was designed for the experimental model for the LEM. Experimental results show that the BPEH coupled with a LEM (BPEH + LEM) produces more power at certain input frequencies and operates a larger bandwidth than a PEH, BPEH, and a standard piezoelectric energy harvester with the elastic magnifier (PEH + LEM). Numerical simulations are consistent with these results. It was observed that the system enters high-energy and high orbit oscillations and that, ultimately, BPEH systems implemented in medical Pacemakers can, if designed properly, have enhanced performance if positioned over the heart.
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Powering Pacemakers from heartbeat vibrations using linear and nonlinear energy harvesters
Applied Physics Letters, 2012Co-Authors: M. Amin Karami, Daniel J. InmanAbstract:Linear and nonlinear piezoelectric devices are introduced to continuously recharge the batteries of the Pacemakers by converting the vibrations from the heartbeats to electrical energy. The power requirement of a Pacemaker is very low. However, after few years, patients require another surgical operation just to replace their Pacemaker Battery. Linear low frequency and nonlinear mono-stable and bi-stable energy harvesters are designed according to the especial signature of heart vibrations. The proposed energy harvesters are robust to variation of heart rate and can meet the power requirement of Pacemakers.
Andreas Demosthenous - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toward adaptive deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a review.
Neurodegenerative disease management, 2018Co-Authors: Ameer Mohammed, Richard Bayford, Andreas DemosthenousAbstract:Clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) is now regarded as the therapeutic intervention of choice at the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. However, some major challenges of DBS are stimulation induced side effects and limited Pacemaker Battery life. Side effects and shortening of Pacemaker Battery life are mainly as a result of continuous stimulation and poor stimulation focus. These drawbacks can be mitigated using adaptive DBS (aDBS) schemes. Side effects resulting from continuous stimulation can be reduced through adaptive control using closed-loop feedback, while those due to poor stimulation focus can be mitigated through spatial adaptation. Other advantages of aDBS include automatic, rather than manual, initial adjustment and programming, and long-term adjustments to maintain stimulation parameters with changes in patient's condition. Both result in improved efficacy. This review focuses on the major areas that are essential in driving technological advances for the various aDBS schemes. Their challenges, prospects and progress so far are analyzed. In addition, important advances and milestones in state-of-the-art aDBS schemes are highlighted - both for closed-loop adaption and spatial adaption. With perspectives and future potentials of DBS provided at the end.
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EMBC - Patient specific Parkinson's disease detection for adaptive deep brain stimulation
Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Inte, 2015Co-Authors: Ameer Mohammed, Richard Bayford, Majid Zamani, Andreas DemosthenousAbstract:Continuous deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients results in side effects and shortening of the Pacemaker Battery life. This can be remedied using adaptive stimulation. To achieve adaptive DBS, patient customized PD detection is required due to the inconsistency associated with biomarkers across patients and time. This paper proposes the use of patient specific feature extraction together with adaptive support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to create a patient customized detector for PD. The patient specific feature extraction is obtained using the extrema of the ratio between the PD and non-PD spectra bands of each patient as features, while the adaptive SVM classifier adjusts its decision boundary until a suitable model is obtained. This yields individualised features and classifier pairs for each patient. Datasets containing local field potentials of PD patients were used to validate the method. Six of the nine patient datasets tested achieved a classification accuracy greater than 98%. The adaptive detector is suitable for realization on chip.
Boone B. Owens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Batteries for Implantable Biomedical Devices
2012Co-Authors: Boone B. OwensAbstract:1. Electrically Driven Implantable Prostheses.- 1. General Background.- 1.1. Physiology, Medical Significance, and History.- 1.2. Electronic Circuit Technology.- 2. Devices Background.- 2.1. Heart Pacing Systems.- 2.2. Cardiac Pacing Leads.- 2.3. Automatic Implantable Defibrillator.- 2.4. Bone Growth and Repair.- 2.5. Other Devices.- 3. Business Aspects.- 4. Future Directions.- References.- 2. Key Events in the Evolution of Implantable Pacemaker Batteries.- 1. Introduction.- 2. An Interview with Samuel Ruben.- 3. An Interview with Wilson Greatbatch.- References.- 3. Lithium Primary Cells for Power Sources.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Elements of a Battery.- 2.1. Anode.- 2.2. Cathode.- 2.3. Electrolyte/Separator.- 2.4. Feedthrough.- 3. Battery Parameters.- 4. Battery Performance.- 5. Microcalorimetry.- 6. Implantable Battery Chemistries.- References.- 4. Evaluation Methods.- 1. Evaluation Objectives.- 1.1. Performance Data.- 1.2. Reliability Data.- 1.3. Quality Assurance.- 2. Accelerated Testing.- 2.1. Empirical Approach.- 2.2. Statistical Approach.- 2.3. Physicochemical Approach.- 2.4. Accelerated Testing without Failure.- 2.5. Designing an Accelerated Life Test.- 2.6. Other Acceleration Methods.- 3. Nonaccelerated Testing.- 3.1. Real-Time Tests.- 3.2. Materials Testing.- 3.3. Microcalorimetry.- 4. Qualification Protocol.- 4.1 Sample Qualification Plan.- 5. Data Analysis.- 5.1. Longevity Projections.- 5.2. Statistical Evaluation of Battery Longevity.- References.- 5. Battery Performance Modeling.- 1. Description of the Problem.- 2. Importance of the Solution.- 3. Description of the Variables and Relationships.- 4. Classification of Models.- 5. Statistical Methods.- 5.1. Self-Discharge.- 5.2. Polarization.- 6. Modeling of the Lithium/Iodine Pacemaker Battery.- 7. Device Longevity.- 7.1. Pulse Generator Hardware.- 8. Conclusion.- References.- 6. Lithium/Halogen Batteries.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Features of Lithium/Halogen Solid Electrolyte Batteries.- 2.1. Thermodynamic Considerations.- 2.2. Kinetic Considerations.- 3. The Lithium/Bromine System.- 3.1. General Considerations.- 3.2. The Li/Br2-PVP Cell.- 3.3. Other Cathode Formulations.- 3.4. Summary.- 4. Chemistry of the Lithium/Iodine-Poly vinylpyridine System.- 4.1. Cell Reaction.- 4.2. The Lithium Anode.- 4.3. The Cathode Material.- 4.4. The Electrolyte/Separator.- 5. Construction of Lithium/Iodine-PVP Cells.- 5.1. Principles of Cell Design.- 5.2. The Central Anode/Case-Neutral Design.- 5.3. The Central Cathode/Case-Neutral Design.- 5.4. The Central Anode/Case-Grounded Design.- 5.5. Central Anode/Case-Grounded Pelletized Cathode Cells.- 6. Discharge Characteristics of the Li/I2-PVP Battery.- 6.1. General Considerations.- 6.2. Discharge Characteristics at Application Current Drain.- 6.3. The Effect of Current Drain on Cell Performance.- 6.4. Self-Discharge.- 6.5. Modeling and Accelerated Testing.- 7. Performance of the Li/I2-PVP Cell.- 7.1. General Remarks.- 7.2. The Approach to Cell Reliability.- 7.3. Performance of Life Test Batteries.- 7.4. Performance of the Li/I2-PVP Cell in Cardiac Pacemakers.- 8. Summary and Conclusion.- References.- 7. Lithium Solid Cathode Batteries for Biomedical Implantable Applications.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Features of Lithium Solid Cathode Systems.- 2.1. Thermodynamic Considerations.- 2.2. Some Properties of Electrodes and Electrolytes.- 2.3. Electrode and Cell Configurations.- 3. Specific Systems Used for Biomedical Applications.- 3.1. The Lithium-Silver Chromate Organic Electrolyte System.- 3.2. The Lithium-Cupric Sulfide Organic Electrolyte Battery.- 3.3. The Lithium-Vanadium Pentoxide Organic Electrolyte System.- 3.4. The Lithium-Manganese Dioxide Cell.- 3.5. Solid Electrolyte Lithium Cells.- 4. Use of Lithium Solid Cathode Systems in Implanted Medical Devices.- 4.1. Lithium-Silver Chromate.- 4.2. Lithium-Cupric Sulfide.- 4.3. Lithium-Vanadium Pentoxide.- 4.4. Lithium-Manganese Dioxide.- 4.5. Lithium-Lead Iodide, Lead Sulfide.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 8. Lithium-Liquid Oxidant Batteries.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Description of the System.- 2.1. Liquid Oxidant Systems.- 2.2. Cell Reaction.- 2.3. Principles of Operation.- 3. Capacity and Energy Density.- 3.1. Classification of Losses.- 3.2. Stoichiometric Energy and Capacity Density.- 3.3. Capacity Density of Practical Electrodes.- 3.4. Packaging Efficiency.- 3.5. Electrochemical Efficiency.- 4. State-of-Discharge Indication.- 5. Voltage Delay.- 5.1. Anode Passivation.- 5.2. Alleviation of Voltage Delay.- 6. Safety.- 6.1. Short Circuit.- 6.2. Overdischarge.- 6.3. Charging.- 6.4. Casual Storage.- 6.5. Disposal.- 6.6. Future.- References.- 9. Mercury Batteries for Pacemakers and Other Implantable Devices.- 1. Background.- 2. Chemistry.- 3. Cell Design and Performance Characteristics.- References.- 10. Rechargeable Electrochemical Cells as Implantable Power Sources.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nickel Oxide/Cadmium Cells.- 2.1. Brief History.- 2.2. General Nickel Oxide/Cadmium Cell Characteristics.- 2.3. The Nickel Oxide/Cadmium Pacemaker Cell.- 3. Rechargeable Mercuric Oxide/Zinc Cells.- 3.1. Brief History.- 3.2. Cell Chemistry and Construction.- 3.3. Cell Performance.- 4. Prospects for Future Use of Rechargeable Cells.- References.- 11. Nuclear Batteries for Implantable Applications.- 1. General Description of Nuclear Batteries.- 1.1. Description of Isotopic Decay.- 1.2. Types of Nuclear Batteries.- 2. Isotope Selection.- 2.1. General Parameters.- 2.2. Isotope Longevity.- 2.3. Isotope Comparisons.- 3. Detailed Characteristics of the Plutonium-238 Isotope.- 3.1. Fuel Form.- 3.2. Types of Radiation.- 3.3. Helium Release.- 4. Thermoelectric Generator Systems.- 4.1. Nuclear Battery Subsystems.- 4.2. Biosphere Protection.- 4.3. Operating Environment Design Requirements.- 5. Thermopile Design.- 5.1. Seebeck Effect.- 5.2. Thermal and Electrical Performance.- 5.3. Material Characteristics.- 5.4. Design Optimization.- 6. Insulation Design and Selection.- 7. Fuel Capsule Design.- 7.1. General Description.- 7.2. Helium Pressure.- 7.3. Capsule Material.- 7.4. Capsule Geometry.- 7.5. Capsule Stress Analysis.- 7.6. Credible Accident Testing.- 8. Thermal Analysis.- 9. Electrical Characteristics.- 10. Radiation Effects.- 10.1. Somatic Effects.- 10.2. Genetic Effects.- 10.3. Public Exposure.- 11. Licensing Requirements.- 12. Applications of Nuclear Batteries.- 13. Nuclear Battery Reliability.- References.
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Ambient temperature solid state batteries
Solid State Ionics, 1992Co-Authors: Boone B. OwensAbstract:Abstract The application of solid ionic compounds to solid state batteries has driven the search for new solid electrolytes. The problem that initially limited this development was the absence of solid state materials with appropriate electrical transport properties. Various types of batteries were developed during the past forty years and are reviewed. Long term (18.5 years) studies of solid state Ag/I2 batteries confirm the stability of these systems. The Li/I2 Pacemaker Battery has been the most successfully commercialized solid state cell. The major focus of research is now directed to the rechargeable solid polymer electrolyte Battery.
Toshi Hiro Nishimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Advanced Transcutaneous Energy Transformer for a Rechargeable Cardiac Pacemaker Battery by Using a
1996Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Katsuya Hirachi, M. Saito, Y. MaejimaAbstract:Absrrud - The improvement method of a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant converter that transfers several W of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented and built. The secondary transformer is piled, and the coupling coefficient, the conversion efliciency, the temperature rise are measured with an experimental set up. The coupling coeflicient and the conversion efficiency are increased compared with conventional transformer. The temperature rise is decreased compared with conventional transformer.
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a transcutaneous energy transformer for a non invasive rechargeable cardiac Pacemaker Battery
International Conference on Performance Engineering, 1995Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Takeshi Inoue, Katsuya Hirachi, Masafumi Majima, Kouji KuwanaAbstract:The improvement method of a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant converter that transfers several W of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented and built The converter can power a novel cardiac Pacemaker Battery through intact skin by using a transcutaneous transformer with an air gap, which is 10 mm The secondary transformer is piled and the coupling coefficient and the conversion efficiency are measured with an experimental set up Coupling coefficient and conversion efficiency is increased compared with conventional transformer.
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A large air gap flat transformer for a transcutaneous energy transmission system
Proceedings of 1994 Power Electronics Specialist Conference - PESC'94, 1Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Katsuya Hirachi, Kouji Kuwana, Y. Maejima, M. SaitoAbstract:A flat transformer for a full-bridge series resonant DC/DC power converter which transfers several W of power across a large, variable human skin gap has been designed and built, The power converter can power a rechargeable cardiac Pacemaker Battery through intact skin by utilizing a transformer with an air gap of 0.5 to 1.5 cm between the primary and the secondary windings. A ferrite pot core is used for the primary winding. The secondary winding with a flat amorphous core would be implanted under the skin, and the primary would be placed on top of the secondary outside the body. >
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A non invasive rechargeable cardiac Pacemaker Battery system with a transcutaneous energy transformer
Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Vol.20 Biomedical Engineering Towards, 1Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, A. Kubota, M. Hatori, M. SaitoAbstract:The improvement method of a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant converter that transfers several W of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented and built. The secondary transformer is piled, and the coupling coefficient, conversion efficiency and temperature rise are measured with an experimental set up. The coupling coefficient and the conversion efficiency are increased compared with the conventional transformer. The temperature rise is decreased compared with the conventional transformer.
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An improvement of a transcutaneous-energy transformer for a noninvasive rechargeable cardiac Pacemaker Battery
PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Takeshi Inoue, Katsuya Hirachi, Y. Maejima, M. SaitoAbstract:An improved method for a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant converter that transfers several W of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented. The secondary transformer is piled, and the coupling coefficient, the conversion efficiency, the temperature rise are measured with an experimental set up. The coupling coefficient and the conversion efficiency are increased compared with a conventional transformer. The temperature rise decreases compared with a conventional transformer.
M. Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Advanced Transcutaneous Energy Transformer for a Rechargeable Cardiac Pacemaker Battery by Using a
1996Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Katsuya Hirachi, M. Saito, Y. MaejimaAbstract:Absrrud - The improvement method of a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant converter that transfers several W of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented and built. The secondary transformer is piled, and the coupling coefficient, the conversion efliciency, the temperature rise are measured with an experimental set up. The coupling coeflicient and the conversion efficiency are increased compared with conventional transformer. The temperature rise is decreased compared with conventional transformer.
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A large air gap flat transformer for a transcutaneous energy transmission system
Proceedings of 1994 Power Electronics Specialist Conference - PESC'94, 1Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Katsuya Hirachi, Kouji Kuwana, Y. Maejima, M. SaitoAbstract:A flat transformer for a full-bridge series resonant DC/DC power converter which transfers several W of power across a large, variable human skin gap has been designed and built, The power converter can power a rechargeable cardiac Pacemaker Battery through intact skin by utilizing a transformer with an air gap of 0.5 to 1.5 cm between the primary and the secondary windings. A ferrite pot core is used for the primary winding. The secondary winding with a flat amorphous core would be implanted under the skin, and the primary would be placed on top of the secondary outside the body. >
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A non invasive rechargeable cardiac Pacemaker Battery system with a transcutaneous energy transformer
Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Vol.20 Biomedical Engineering Towards, 1Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, A. Kubota, M. Hatori, M. SaitoAbstract:The improvement method of a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant converter that transfers several W of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented and built. The secondary transformer is piled, and the coupling coefficient, conversion efficiency and temperature rise are measured with an experimental set up. The coupling coefficient and the conversion efficiency are increased compared with the conventional transformer. The temperature rise is decreased compared with the conventional transformer.
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An improvement of a transcutaneous-energy transformer for a noninvasive rechargeable cardiac Pacemaker Battery
PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Takeshi Inoue, Katsuya Hirachi, Y. Maejima, M. SaitoAbstract:An improved method for a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant converter that transfers several W of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented. The secondary transformer is piled, and the coupling coefficient, the conversion efficiency, the temperature rise are measured with an experimental set up. The coupling coefficient and the conversion efficiency are increased compared with a conventional transformer. The temperature rise decreases compared with a conventional transformer.
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An advanced transcutaneous energy transformer for a rechargeable cardiac Pacemaker Battery by using a resonant DC to DC converter
Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE IECON. 22nd International Conference on Industrial Electronics Control and Instrumentation, 1Co-Authors: Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Katsuya Hirachi, M. Saito, Y. MaejimaAbstract:An improvement method for a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant power converter that transfers several watts of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented and built. The secondary transformer is piled, and the coupling coefficient, the conversion efficiency and the temperature rise are measured with an experimental set up. The coupling coefficient and the conversion efficiency are increased compared with conventional transformers. The temperature rise is decreased compared with conventional transformers.
