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Rui Cunha Marques - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The costs and benefits of Packaging Waste management systems in Europe: the perspective of local authorities
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, 2017Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Marta Cabral, Pedro Simoes, Nuno F. Da Cruz, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Local authorities are generally in charge of household Packaging Waste management operations, particularly in countries with Green Dot schemes or similar extended producer responsibility systems. This leads to the need of establishing a system of financial transfers between the Packaging industry and the local authorities (regarding the costs involved in selective collection and sorting). In the present study, the costs and benefits of recycling from the perspective of local authorities are compared for Portugal, Belgium and Italy (in Lombardia region), adopting the same economic-financial methodology. The results show that the industry is not paying the net cost of Packaging Waste management. If the savings attained by diverting Packaging Waste from other treatment operations are not considered, it seems that the industry should increase the financial support to local authorities. However, if the avoided costs with other treatment are considered as a benefit for local authorities, the costs are generally outweighed by the benefits and the financial support could, therefore, be reduced.
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The costs and benefits of Packaging Waste management systems in Europe: the perspective of local authorities
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2017Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marcio Cabral, Paulo Simões, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Local authorities are generally in charge of household Packaging Waste management operations, particularly in countries with Green Dot schemes or similar extended producer responsibility systems. This leads to the need of establishing a system of financial transfers between the Packaging industry and the local authorities (regarding the costs involved in selective collection and sorting). In the present study, the costs and benefits of recycling, from the perspective of local authorities, are compared for Portugal, Belgium and Italy (in Lombardia region), adopting the same economic–financial methodology. The results show that the industry is not paying the net cost of Packaging Waste management. If the savings attained by diverting Packaging Waste from other treatment operations are not considered, it seems that the industry should increase the financial support to local authorities. However, if the avoided costs with other treatments are considered as a benefit for local authorities, the costs are genera...
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economic financial analysis of the italian Packaging Waste management system from a local authority s perspective
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015Co-Authors: Lucia Rigamonti, S. Ferreira, Mario Grosso, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Abstract One of the pillars of the European Union legislation on Packaging Waste is the principle that each economic producer is fully responsible for the fate of the Packaging materials he has introduced in the market (Extended Producer Responsibility - EPR). A system of financial transfers is then implemented between the industry and the local authorities which are ultimately responsible for the separated collection of Packaging Waste and its recovery. The paper reports an economic-financial analysis of the Packaging Waste management system in Italy from the perspective of the local authorities, building up from an extensive, rich and unique data collection for the Italian context. Both costs for separate collection and sorting and benefits arising from the financial transfers were considered. The cost savings that Waste local authorities attain by diverting Packaging Waste from the residual Waste collection services and disposal were also included. The results showed that the local authority benefits an average of 250 € per tonne of Packaging Waste separately collected. In contrast, if the savings associated with the diversion of Waste are not considered (financial perspective), the benefits are significantly reduced to 58 € per tonne. As the services of separate collection and sorting of Packaging Waste represent 121 € per tonne collected, costs are fully covered only when considering an economic perspective. Conversely, this does not happen if the cost savings due to avoided disposal are not taken into account. The EPR principle, one of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive's cornerstones, is thus not being fulfilled, in a strictly financial perspective. Moreover, this means that if the EPR principle was to be strictly followed, the transfers to the local authorities should be increased. In any case, such transfers should be calculated based on the efficiency and peculiarities of each Packaging Waste system.
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Life cycle assessment and valuation of the Packaging Waste recycling system in Belgium
J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 2015Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marcio Cabral, Paulo Simões, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:This study analyses the Packaging Waste man- agement system in Belgium. Waste management op- erations involve a significant number of processes associated with energy consumption and emission of pol- lutants in air and water. To assess the impact on the en- vironment of the several Waste management operations, a life cycle assessment was developed. The operations of selective and refuse collection, sorting, recycling and incineration of Packaging Waste were considered. A com- parison between two scenarios was developed. The first scenario comprised the Packaging Waste management system in operation in 2010. This system comprises the Waste management operations envisaging the recycling of the Packaging materials. The second scenario was devel- oped based on the hypothesis that there was no recycling system and all Packaging Waste would be collected in the refuse collection system. An environmental valuation was performed to convert the environmental results into a common unit (EUR). To accomplish this valuation, three methods were used: Ecocost, Ecovalue and Stepwise. These methods were developed in Europe and follow dif- ferent methodologies. The environmental results were compared using the three methods and they were consistent with the conclusion that the recycling scenario (i.e. the actual situation in 2010) is more environmentally sound.
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life cycle assessment of a Packaging Waste recycling system in portugal
Waste Management, 2014Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marta Cabral, Pedro Simoes, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been used to assess the environmental impacts associated with an activity or product life cycle. It has also been applied to assess the environmental performance related to Waste management activities. This study analyses the Packaging Waste management system of a local public authority in Portugal. The operations of selective and refuse collection, sorting, recycling, landfilling and incineration of Packaging Waste were considered. The Packaging Waste management system in operation in 2010, which we called “Baseline” scenario, was compared with two hypothetical scenarios where all the Packaging Waste that was selectively collected in 2010 would undergo the refuse collection system and would be sent directly to incineration (called “Incineration” scenario) or to landfill (“Landfill” scenario). Overall, the results show that the “Baseline” scenario is more environmentally sound than the hypothetical scenarios.
H. Goossens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of plastic Packaging Waste material origin methods properties
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2014Co-Authors: Benny Luijsterburg, H. GoossensAbstract:Abstract The global plastics production has increased annually and a substantial part is used for Packaging (in Europe 39%). Most plastic packages are discarded after a relatively short service life and the resulting plastic Packaging Waste is subsequently landfilled, incinerated or recycled. Laws of several European and Asian countries require that plastic Packaging Waste collected from households has to be sorted, reprocessed, compounded and reused. These recycling schemes typically produce milled goods of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(ethylene) (PE), isotactic poly(propylene) (PP), mixed plastics, and agglomerates from film material. The present study documents the composition and properties of post-consumer polyolefin recyclates originating from both source separation and mechanical recovery from municipal solid refuse Waste (MSRW). The overall composition by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were determined and compared with the sorting results of the sorted fractions prior to the reprocessing into milled goods. This study shows that the collection method for the plastic Packaging Waste has hardly any influence on the final quality of the recyclate; however, the sorting and reprocessing steps influence the final quality of the recyclate. Although the mechanical properties of recyclate are clearly different than those of virgin polymers, changes to the sorting and reprocessing steps can improve the quality.
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Assessment of plastic Packaging Waste: Material origin, methods, properties
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2014Co-Authors: Benny Luijsterburg, H. GoossensAbstract:The global plastics production has increased annually and a substantial part is used for Packaging (in Europe 39%). Most plastic packages are discarded after a relatively short service life and the resulting plastic Packaging Waste is subsequently landfilled, incinerated or recycled. Laws of several European and Asian countries require that plastic Packaging Waste collected from households has to be sorted, reprocessed, compounded and reused. These recycling schemes typically produce milled goods of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(ethylene) (PE), isotactic poly(propylene) (PP), mixed plastics, and agglomerates from film material. The present study documents the composition and properties of post-consumer polyolefin recyclates originating from both source separation and mechanical recovery from municipal solid refuse Waste (MSRW). The overall composition by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were determined and compared with the sorting results of the sorted fractions prior to the reprocessing into milled goods. This study shows that the collection method for the plastic Packaging Waste has hardly any influence on the final quality of the recyclate; however, the sorting and reprocessing steps influence the final quality of the recyclate. Although the mechanical properties of recyclate are clearly different than those of virgin polymers, changes to the sorting and reprocessing steps can improve the quality. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V.
S. Ferreira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The costs and benefits of Packaging Waste management systems in Europe: the perspective of local authorities
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2017Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marcio Cabral, Paulo Simões, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Local authorities are generally in charge of household Packaging Waste management operations, particularly in countries with Green Dot schemes or similar extended producer responsibility systems. This leads to the need of establishing a system of financial transfers between the Packaging industry and the local authorities (regarding the costs involved in selective collection and sorting). In the present study, the costs and benefits of recycling, from the perspective of local authorities, are compared for Portugal, Belgium and Italy (in Lombardia region), adopting the same economic–financial methodology. The results show that the industry is not paying the net cost of Packaging Waste management. If the savings attained by diverting Packaging Waste from other treatment operations are not considered, it seems that the industry should increase the financial support to local authorities. However, if the avoided costs with other treatments are considered as a benefit for local authorities, the costs are genera...
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The costs and benefits of Packaging Waste management systems in Europe: the perspective of local authorities
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, 2017Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Marta Cabral, Pedro Simoes, Nuno F. Da Cruz, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Local authorities are generally in charge of household Packaging Waste management operations, particularly in countries with Green Dot schemes or similar extended producer responsibility systems. This leads to the need of establishing a system of financial transfers between the Packaging industry and the local authorities (regarding the costs involved in selective collection and sorting). In the present study, the costs and benefits of recycling from the perspective of local authorities are compared for Portugal, Belgium and Italy (in Lombardia region), adopting the same economic-financial methodology. The results show that the industry is not paying the net cost of Packaging Waste management. If the savings attained by diverting Packaging Waste from other treatment operations are not considered, it seems that the industry should increase the financial support to local authorities. However, if the avoided costs with other treatment are considered as a benefit for local authorities, the costs are generally outweighed by the benefits and the financial support could, therefore, be reduced.
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economic financial analysis of the italian Packaging Waste management system from a local authority s perspective
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015Co-Authors: Lucia Rigamonti, S. Ferreira, Mario Grosso, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Abstract One of the pillars of the European Union legislation on Packaging Waste is the principle that each economic producer is fully responsible for the fate of the Packaging materials he has introduced in the market (Extended Producer Responsibility - EPR). A system of financial transfers is then implemented between the industry and the local authorities which are ultimately responsible for the separated collection of Packaging Waste and its recovery. The paper reports an economic-financial analysis of the Packaging Waste management system in Italy from the perspective of the local authorities, building up from an extensive, rich and unique data collection for the Italian context. Both costs for separate collection and sorting and benefits arising from the financial transfers were considered. The cost savings that Waste local authorities attain by diverting Packaging Waste from the residual Waste collection services and disposal were also included. The results showed that the local authority benefits an average of 250 € per tonne of Packaging Waste separately collected. In contrast, if the savings associated with the diversion of Waste are not considered (financial perspective), the benefits are significantly reduced to 58 € per tonne. As the services of separate collection and sorting of Packaging Waste represent 121 € per tonne collected, costs are fully covered only when considering an economic perspective. Conversely, this does not happen if the cost savings due to avoided disposal are not taken into account. The EPR principle, one of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive's cornerstones, is thus not being fulfilled, in a strictly financial perspective. Moreover, this means that if the EPR principle was to be strictly followed, the transfers to the local authorities should be increased. In any case, such transfers should be calculated based on the efficiency and peculiarities of each Packaging Waste system.
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Life cycle assessment and valuation of the Packaging Waste recycling system in Belgium
J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 2015Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marcio Cabral, Paulo Simões, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:This study analyses the Packaging Waste man- agement system in Belgium. Waste management op- erations involve a significant number of processes associated with energy consumption and emission of pol- lutants in air and water. To assess the impact on the en- vironment of the several Waste management operations, a life cycle assessment was developed. The operations of selective and refuse collection, sorting, recycling and incineration of Packaging Waste were considered. A com- parison between two scenarios was developed. The first scenario comprised the Packaging Waste management system in operation in 2010. This system comprises the Waste management operations envisaging the recycling of the Packaging materials. The second scenario was devel- oped based on the hypothesis that there was no recycling system and all Packaging Waste would be collected in the refuse collection system. An environmental valuation was performed to convert the environmental results into a common unit (EUR). To accomplish this valuation, three methods were used: Ecocost, Ecovalue and Stepwise. These methods were developed in Europe and follow dif- ferent methodologies. The environmental results were compared using the three methods and they were consistent with the conclusion that the recycling scenario (i.e. the actual situation in 2010) is more environmentally sound.
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life cycle assessment of a Packaging Waste recycling system in portugal
Waste Management, 2014Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marta Cabral, Pedro Simoes, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been used to assess the environmental impacts associated with an activity or product life cycle. It has also been applied to assess the environmental performance related to Waste management activities. This study analyses the Packaging Waste management system of a local public authority in Portugal. The operations of selective and refuse collection, sorting, recycling, landfilling and incineration of Packaging Waste were considered. The Packaging Waste management system in operation in 2010, which we called “Baseline” scenario, was compared with two hypothetical scenarios where all the Packaging Waste that was selectively collected in 2010 would undergo the refuse collection system and would be sent directly to incineration (called “Incineration” scenario) or to landfill (“Landfill” scenario). Overall, the results show that the “Baseline” scenario is more environmentally sound than the hypothetical scenarios.
Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The costs and benefits of Packaging Waste management systems in Europe: the perspective of local authorities
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2017Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marcio Cabral, Paulo Simões, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Local authorities are generally in charge of household Packaging Waste management operations, particularly in countries with Green Dot schemes or similar extended producer responsibility systems. This leads to the need of establishing a system of financial transfers between the Packaging industry and the local authorities (regarding the costs involved in selective collection and sorting). In the present study, the costs and benefits of recycling, from the perspective of local authorities, are compared for Portugal, Belgium and Italy (in Lombardia region), adopting the same economic–financial methodology. The results show that the industry is not paying the net cost of Packaging Waste management. If the savings attained by diverting Packaging Waste from other treatment operations are not considered, it seems that the industry should increase the financial support to local authorities. However, if the avoided costs with other treatments are considered as a benefit for local authorities, the costs are genera...
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Life cycle assessment and valuation of the Packaging Waste recycling system in Belgium
J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 2015Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marcio Cabral, Paulo Simões, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:This study analyses the Packaging Waste man- agement system in Belgium. Waste management op- erations involve a significant number of processes associated with energy consumption and emission of pol- lutants in air and water. To assess the impact on the en- vironment of the several Waste management operations, a life cycle assessment was developed. The operations of selective and refuse collection, sorting, recycling and incineration of Packaging Waste were considered. A com- parison between two scenarios was developed. The first scenario comprised the Packaging Waste management system in operation in 2010. This system comprises the Waste management operations envisaging the recycling of the Packaging materials. The second scenario was devel- oped based on the hypothesis that there was no recycling system and all Packaging Waste would be collected in the refuse collection system. An environmental valuation was performed to convert the environmental results into a common unit (EUR). To accomplish this valuation, three methods were used: Ecocost, Ecovalue and Stepwise. These methods were developed in Europe and follow dif- ferent methodologies. The environmental results were compared using the three methods and they were consistent with the conclusion that the recycling scenario (i.e. the actual situation in 2010) is more environmentally sound.
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life cycle assessment of a Packaging Waste recycling system in portugal
Waste Management, 2014Co-Authors: S. Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Marta Cabral, Pedro Simoes, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been used to assess the environmental impacts associated with an activity or product life cycle. It has also been applied to assess the environmental performance related to Waste management activities. This study analyses the Packaging Waste management system of a local public authority in Portugal. The operations of selective and refuse collection, sorting, recycling, landfilling and incineration of Packaging Waste were considered. The Packaging Waste management system in operation in 2010, which we called “Baseline” scenario, was compared with two hypothetical scenarios where all the Packaging Waste that was selectively collected in 2010 would undergo the refuse collection system and would be sent directly to incineration (called “Incineration” scenario) or to landfill (“Landfill” scenario). Overall, the results show that the “Baseline” scenario is more environmentally sound than the hypothetical scenarios.
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Costs and benefits of Packaging Waste recycling systems
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2014Co-Authors: Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Paulo Simões, Rui Cunha MarquesAbstract:This Special Issue provides several different perspectives on the complex issue of Packaging Waste recycling. It comprises a diverse and rich set of contributions with insights from very different disciplines that range from economics to engineering. All types of "costs and benefits" are addressed in this collection of articles. In addition to the economic and strictly financial impacts of selective collection and sorting of Packaging Waste, several authors discuss other types of impacts, such as the environmental and social ones. The reader will find articles that address recycling systems as a whole, pieces that focus on specific impacts and detailed discussions of particular material streams or Waste management strategies. The Special Issue represents an indispensable resource for academics, policy-makers and practitioners with interests in recycling and Packaging Waste management. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Economic viability of Packaging Waste recycling systems: A comparison between Belgium and Portugal
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2014Co-Authors: Rui Cunha Marques, Nuno Ferreira Da Cruz, Sandra Faria Ferreira, Marta Cabral Pereira, Paulo Simões, Simon De JaegerAbstract:The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive has had an undeniable impact on Waste management throughout the European Union. Whereas recycling and recovery targets are the same, member states still enjoy a considerable degree of freedom with respect to the practical organization and management strategies adopted. Nevertheless, in all cases, the industry (which brings Packaging material onto the market) should be responsible for the costs associated with Packaging Waste recycling/recovery (following the extended producer responsibility principle). The current paper compares and contrasts the institutional frameworks and financial costs and benefits of Waste management operators for Belgium and Portugal. The unit costs of selective collection and sorting of Packaging Waste are provided for both countries. In Belgium, the costs of recycling seem to be fully supported by the industry (through Fost Plus, the national Green Dot agency). In Portugal the fairness of the recycling system depends on the perspective adopted (economic or strictly financial). Adopting a strictly financial perspective, it seems that Sociedade Ponto Verde (SPV, the Portuguese Green Dot agency) should increase the transfers to local authorities. However, the conclusions differ for this country if the avoided costs with refuse collection and other treatment are taken into account. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Benny Luijsterburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of plastic Packaging Waste material origin methods properties
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2014Co-Authors: Benny Luijsterburg, H. GoossensAbstract:Abstract The global plastics production has increased annually and a substantial part is used for Packaging (in Europe 39%). Most plastic packages are discarded after a relatively short service life and the resulting plastic Packaging Waste is subsequently landfilled, incinerated or recycled. Laws of several European and Asian countries require that plastic Packaging Waste collected from households has to be sorted, reprocessed, compounded and reused. These recycling schemes typically produce milled goods of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(ethylene) (PE), isotactic poly(propylene) (PP), mixed plastics, and agglomerates from film material. The present study documents the composition and properties of post-consumer polyolefin recyclates originating from both source separation and mechanical recovery from municipal solid refuse Waste (MSRW). The overall composition by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were determined and compared with the sorting results of the sorted fractions prior to the reprocessing into milled goods. This study shows that the collection method for the plastic Packaging Waste has hardly any influence on the final quality of the recyclate; however, the sorting and reprocessing steps influence the final quality of the recyclate. Although the mechanical properties of recyclate are clearly different than those of virgin polymers, changes to the sorting and reprocessing steps can improve the quality.
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Assessment of plastic Packaging Waste: Material origin, methods, properties
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2014Co-Authors: Benny Luijsterburg, H. GoossensAbstract:The global plastics production has increased annually and a substantial part is used for Packaging (in Europe 39%). Most plastic packages are discarded after a relatively short service life and the resulting plastic Packaging Waste is subsequently landfilled, incinerated or recycled. Laws of several European and Asian countries require that plastic Packaging Waste collected from households has to be sorted, reprocessed, compounded and reused. These recycling schemes typically produce milled goods of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(ethylene) (PE), isotactic poly(propylene) (PP), mixed plastics, and agglomerates from film material. The present study documents the composition and properties of post-consumer polyolefin recyclates originating from both source separation and mechanical recovery from municipal solid refuse Waste (MSRW). The overall composition by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were determined and compared with the sorting results of the sorted fractions prior to the reprocessing into milled goods. This study shows that the collection method for the plastic Packaging Waste has hardly any influence on the final quality of the recyclate; however, the sorting and reprocessing steps influence the final quality of the recyclate. Although the mechanical properties of recyclate are clearly different than those of virgin polymers, changes to the sorting and reprocessing steps can improve the quality. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V.
