The Experts below are selected from a list of 246 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attachment of salmonella enterica on mangoes and survival under conditions simulating commercial mango Packing House and importer facility
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Elza Neelima Mathew, Muhammed Shafeekh Muyyarikkandy, Deepa Kuttappan, Mary Anne Roshni AmalaradjouAbstract:Consumption of raw mangoes has led to multiple Salmonella-associated foodborne outbreaks in the US. Although several studies have investigated the epiphytic fitness of Salmonella on fresh produce, there is sparse information available on the survival of Salmonella on mangoes under commercial handling and storage conditions. Hence, the objective of the study was to evaluate the survival of Salmonella on mangoes under ambient conditions simulating the mango Packing House and importer facility. Further, the ability of the pathogen to adhere and attach on to the mango fructoplane was also investigated. For the attachment assays, mango skin sections were inoculated with fifty microliters of S. Newport suspension (6.5 log CFU/skin section) and minimum time required for adhesion and attachment were recorded. With the survival assays, unwaxed mangoes were spot inoculated with the Salmonella cocktail to establish approximately 4 and 6.5 log CFU/mango. The fruits were then subjected to different storage regimens simulating fruit unloading, waxing and storage at the Packing House and ripening and storage at the importer facility. Results of our study reveal that Salmonella was able to adhere on to the fructoplane immediately after contact. Further, formation of attachment structures was seen as early as 2 min following inoculation. With the survival assays, irrespective of the inoculum levels, no significant increase or decrease in pathogen population was observed when fruit were stored either at ambient (29-32°C and RH 85-95%, for 48 h), ripening (20-22°C and RH 90-95% for 9 days) or refrigerated storage (10-15°C and 85-95% for 24-48 h) conditions. Therefore, once contaminated, mangoes could serve as potential vehicles in the transmission of Salmonella along the post-harvest environment. Hence development and adoption of effective food safety measures are warranted to promote the microbiological safety of mangoes.
Elza Neelima Mathew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attachment of salmonella enterica on mangoes and survival under conditions simulating commercial mango Packing House and importer facility
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Elza Neelima Mathew, Muhammed Shafeekh Muyyarikkandy, Deepa Kuttappan, Mary Anne Roshni AmalaradjouAbstract:Consumption of raw mangoes has led to multiple Salmonella-associated foodborne outbreaks in the US. Although several studies have investigated the epiphytic fitness of Salmonella on fresh produce, there is sparse information available on the survival of Salmonella on mangoes under commercial handling and storage conditions. Hence, the objective of the study was to evaluate the survival of Salmonella on mangoes under ambient conditions simulating the mango Packing House and importer facility. Further, the ability of the pathogen to adhere and attach on to the mango fructoplane was also investigated. For the attachment assays, mango skin sections were inoculated with fifty microliters of S. Newport suspension (6.5 log CFU/skin section) and minimum time required for adhesion and attachment were recorded. With the survival assays, unwaxed mangoes were spot inoculated with the Salmonella cocktail to establish approximately 4 and 6.5 log CFU/mango. The fruits were then subjected to different storage regimens simulating fruit unloading, waxing and storage at the Packing House and ripening and storage at the importer facility. Results of our study reveal that Salmonella was able to adhere on to the fructoplane immediately after contact. Further, formation of attachment structures was seen as early as 2 min following inoculation. With the survival assays, irrespective of the inoculum levels, no significant increase or decrease in pathogen population was observed when fruit were stored either at ambient (29-32°C and RH 85-95%, for 48 h), ripening (20-22°C and RH 90-95% for 9 days) or refrigerated storage (10-15°C and 85-95% for 24-48 h) conditions. Therefore, once contaminated, mangoes could serve as potential vehicles in the transmission of Salmonella along the post-harvest environment. Hence development and adoption of effective food safety measures are warranted to promote the microbiological safety of mangoes.
Gary L Hawkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes for
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Gary L HawkinsAbstract:Anaerobic systems are best optimized if the feed rate of organic material into the digester is as constant as possible. This steady flow of organic material into the anaerobic digestion optimizes the conversion of the sugars in the waste material or feedstock into intermediate anaerobic products and helps keep the system functioning properly. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to begin defining the Introduction The Georgia Department of Agriculture (GADOA, 2006) reports that in 2004 production of five fruits and vegetables (cucumber, bell pepper, squash, tomato, watermelon) in Georgia amounted to 860 million pounds (390 million kg). The weight of fruit and vegetables listed above only accounts for that produce harvested and does not account for that produce remaining in the field after the market has eroded. This eroded market is associated with both the large producer working with major distributors or the small farmer growing mainly for local and regional farmers markets. From discussions with the environmental manager of one Packing House, an estimate of the amount of fruits and vegetables that would be culled (thrown out) at the Packing House would be 7%. This means that 60 million pounds (27 million kg) of fruit and vegetable waste would need to be discarded annually in Georgia. Based on interviews of two watermelon farmers, an equal amount of unharvested watermelons remain in the field after harvest has occurred for sale. Collection of fruit and vegetable waste by the principal investigator indicates that 39,000 pounds of tomatoes and 49,000 pounds of watermelons are left on each acre (Hawkins, 2006) after harvest has been completed. This will change from year to year based on market and growing season, therefore collections will continue so that a long term average can be acquired. In 2004, Georgia had 6000 acres of tomatoes and 30,000 acres of watermelons planted (GA DOA, 2006). Typically waste material from Packing Houses would be dumped in low lying areas on a farm, placed in landfills, incorporated into compost piles or fed to animals. Disposal of these waste products in low lying areas has the potential to pollute nearby waterways. Disposal in landfills costs the producer, fills the landfill space sooner and adds water to the landfill, potentially adding to leachate quantities. Composting of this material provides some conversion to materials that can be used as a soil amendment, but the waste product is typically greater than 85% moisture (Hawkins, 2006; Viturtia, et al., 1989; Viswanath et al., 1992) and has a high sugar content which aids in bacterial biomass growth, but little humus formation. Feeding to animals does dispose of the waste, but the potential transport cost could be a limiting factor to disposal. As this material decomposes in an environment void of oxygen, the predominate gas produced is methane and some carbon dioxide. According to Vieitez and Ghosh (1999), decomposition of each metric ton of solid waste could potentially release 50-110 m 3 of carbon dioxide and 90-140 m 3 of methane. The release of carbon dioxide can add to the increasing problem with greenHouse gasses, but methane is known to be 23 times worse as a greenHouse gas. However, by controlling the decomposition process in systems called anaerobic digesters, the methane can be captured and used for alternative energy sources verses released to the atmosphere and adding to the greenHouse gas problems. Anaerobic digesters have been used in many industries and in many countries to convert organic compounds into methane. These include municipalities, animal operations, fruit and vegetable processing plants and local food markets (Athanasopoulos, et al., 1990; Colleran, et al., 1983; Dugba and Zhang, 1999). One industry that has had little study in the US, but some around the world is using culled fruit and vegetable waste from Packing Houses or produce remaining in the field as the feedstock for anaerobic digestion for the formation of methane.
James D Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bin Sterilization to Prevent Reintroduction of Codling Moth
Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 2020Co-Authors: James D Hansen, Millie L. Heidt, Pauline A. AndersonAbstract:An important source of reinfestation of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the return of fruit bins containing diapausing larvae. Laboratory tests, conducted to determine efficacious temperatures of hot water baths to prevent adult emergence, found baths at 80°C for > or = 30 sec were effective and adding a surfactant to the water bath slightly improved efficacy. Validation tests conducted at a Packing House, using an 80°C submersion bath for bins, resulted in < 0.2% survival. This procedure should be an important component for field control of codling moth.
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short communication Packing House survey of washington cherries for surface arthropods
2016Co-Authors: James D Hansen, Laura J Rehmke, Gilbert F Simmons, Usdaars YarlAbstract:International markets are concerned about possible quarantine pests in sweet cher ries exported from the Pacific Northwest. To determine the incidence of surface arthropods on cherry fruits, fruit samples entering (presorted)and leaving (final pack) two Packing Houses in Washington state were collected weekly. Fruits were sampled from 63 grower lots and included 'Bing,' 'Lapin,' 'Lambert,' and 'Rainier' cultivars. In each of the 131 samples, 50 cherries were randomly exam ined, along with leaves (if present), and the bag containing the cherries. Samples were inspected under a microscope at 25x, and all live and dead arthropods were recorded. Among 3,600 presorted fruits inspected, the only live arthropods found were two predacious mites and six thrips. No codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), or cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), larvae were observed. Among 1750 final pack fruits, the only live arthropod was an aphid. The survey demonstrated that very few live arthropods enter the Packing House and that the remaining are eliminated by typical PackingHouse operations. If typical, this in formation can be used to develop a comprehensive program for quarantine security.
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Packing House survey of washington cherries for surface arthropods
Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 2003Co-Authors: James D Hansen, Laura J Rehmke, Gilbert F SimmonsAbstract:International markets are concerned about possible quarantine pests in sweet cherries exported from the Pacific Northwest. To determine the incidence of surface arthropods on cherry fruits, fruit samples entering (presorted)and leaving (final pack) two Packing Houses in Washington state were collected weekly. Fruits were sampled from 63 grower lots and included 'Bing,' 'Lapin,' 'Lambert,' and 'Rainier' cultivars. In each of the 131 samples, 50 cherries were randomly examined, along with leaves (if present), and the bag containing the cherries. Samples were inspected under a microscope at 25x, and all live and dead arthropods were recorded. Among 3,600 presorted fruits inspected, the only live arthropods found were two predacious mites and six thrips. No codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), or cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), larvae were observed. Among 1750 final pack fruits, the only live arthropod was an aphid. The survey demonstrated that very few live arthropods enter the Packing House and that the remaining are eliminated by typical PackingHouse operations. If typical, this information can be used to develop a comprehensive program for quarantine security.
Muhammed Shafeekh Muyyarikkandy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attachment of salmonella enterica on mangoes and survival under conditions simulating commercial mango Packing House and importer facility
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Elza Neelima Mathew, Muhammed Shafeekh Muyyarikkandy, Deepa Kuttappan, Mary Anne Roshni AmalaradjouAbstract:Consumption of raw mangoes has led to multiple Salmonella-associated foodborne outbreaks in the US. Although several studies have investigated the epiphytic fitness of Salmonella on fresh produce, there is sparse information available on the survival of Salmonella on mangoes under commercial handling and storage conditions. Hence, the objective of the study was to evaluate the survival of Salmonella on mangoes under ambient conditions simulating the mango Packing House and importer facility. Further, the ability of the pathogen to adhere and attach on to the mango fructoplane was also investigated. For the attachment assays, mango skin sections were inoculated with fifty microliters of S. Newport suspension (6.5 log CFU/skin section) and minimum time required for adhesion and attachment were recorded. With the survival assays, unwaxed mangoes were spot inoculated with the Salmonella cocktail to establish approximately 4 and 6.5 log CFU/mango. The fruits were then subjected to different storage regimens simulating fruit unloading, waxing and storage at the Packing House and ripening and storage at the importer facility. Results of our study reveal that Salmonella was able to adhere on to the fructoplane immediately after contact. Further, formation of attachment structures was seen as early as 2 min following inoculation. With the survival assays, irrespective of the inoculum levels, no significant increase or decrease in pathogen population was observed when fruit were stored either at ambient (29-32°C and RH 85-95%, for 48 h), ripening (20-22°C and RH 90-95% for 9 days) or refrigerated storage (10-15°C and 85-95% for 24-48 h) conditions. Therefore, once contaminated, mangoes could serve as potential vehicles in the transmission of Salmonella along the post-harvest environment. Hence development and adoption of effective food safety measures are warranted to promote the microbiological safety of mangoes.
