The Experts below are selected from a list of 252 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Silvia Cappello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evolution of Cortical Neurogenesis in Amniotes Controlled by Robo Signaling Levels
    Cell, 2018
    Co-Authors: Adrián Cárdenas, Ana Villalba, Esther Picó, Christina Kyrousi, Micha Drukker, Camino De Juan Romero, Le Ma, Athanasia C Tzika, Silvia Cappello
    Abstract:

    Summary Cerebral cortex size differs dramatically between reptiles, birds, and mammals, owing to developmental differences in neuron production. In mammals, signaling pathways regulating neurogenesis have been identified, but genetic differences behind their evolution across amniotes remain unknown. We show that direct neurogenesis from radial glia cells, with limited neuron production, dominates the avian, reptilian, and mammalian Paleocortex, whereas in the evolutionarily recent mammalian neocortex, most neurogenesis is indirect via basal progenitors. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in mouse, chick, and snake embryos and in human cerebral organoids demonstrate that high Slit/Robo and low Dll1 signaling, via Jag1 and Jag2, are necessary and sufficient to drive direct neurogenesis. Attenuating Robo signaling and enhancing Dll1 in snakes and birds recapitulates the formation of basal progenitors and promotes indirect neurogenesis. Our study identifies modulation in activity levels of conserved signaling pathways as a primary mechanism driving the expansion and increased complexity of the mammalian neocortex during amniote evolution.

Gary Lynch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Behavioral Tests of a Prediction from a Cortical Network Simulation
    Psychological Science, 1991
    Co-Authors: Richard Granger, José Ambros-ingerson, Ursula Staubli, Hollie A. Powers, Tim Otto, Gary Lynch
    Abstract:

    Behavioral predictions arising from a simulation of olfactory Paleocortex were examined using rats in an olfactory discrimination-learning task. The animals were tested to see whether, as predicted, they would recognize novel similar odors as members of a category, and whether they would nonetheless distinguish and recognize individual category members. The results were positive, providing the first evidence that rats learn perceptual clusters via unsupervised learning.

  • Behavioral tests of a prediction from a cortical network simulation
    1991
    Co-Authors: Richard Granger, José Ambros-ingerson, Ursula Staubli, Hollie A. Powers, Tim Otto, Gary Lynch
    Abstract:

    Abstract-Behavioral predictions arising from a simulation of olfactory paleocor-tex were examined using rats in an olfac-tory discrimination-learning task. The animals were tested to see whether, as predicted, they would recognize novel similar odors as members of a category, and whether they would nonetheless dis-tinguish and recognize individual cate-gory members. The results were positive, providing the first evidence that rats learn perceptual clusters via itnsiiper-vised learning. A primary goal of theoretical analysis of neurobiological networks is to un-cover physiologically based computa-tional phenomena that otherwise may have gone unernphasized in psychologi-cal research. Recently we studied simu-lations of layers I and I1 of olfactory (pir-iform) Paleocortex, incorporating synap-tic learning rules derived from long-term potentiation (LTP). The simulation re-sults indicate that these cortical layers can learn multiple encodings of input sig-nals, ranging from a “clustered ” or cat-egorical level to successively more fine-grained individuation of cluster member

Adrián Cárdenas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evolution of Cortical Neurogenesis in Amniotes Controlled by Robo Signaling Levels
    Cell, 2018
    Co-Authors: Adrián Cárdenas, Ana Villalba, Esther Picó, Christina Kyrousi, Micha Drukker, Camino De Juan Romero, Le Ma, Athanasia C Tzika, Silvia Cappello
    Abstract:

    Summary Cerebral cortex size differs dramatically between reptiles, birds, and mammals, owing to developmental differences in neuron production. In mammals, signaling pathways regulating neurogenesis have been identified, but genetic differences behind their evolution across amniotes remain unknown. We show that direct neurogenesis from radial glia cells, with limited neuron production, dominates the avian, reptilian, and mammalian Paleocortex, whereas in the evolutionarily recent mammalian neocortex, most neurogenesis is indirect via basal progenitors. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in mouse, chick, and snake embryos and in human cerebral organoids demonstrate that high Slit/Robo and low Dll1 signaling, via Jag1 and Jag2, are necessary and sufficient to drive direct neurogenesis. Attenuating Robo signaling and enhancing Dll1 in snakes and birds recapitulates the formation of basal progenitors and promotes indirect neurogenesis. Our study identifies modulation in activity levels of conserved signaling pathways as a primary mechanism driving the expansion and increased complexity of the mammalian neocortex during amniote evolution.

Bernard Thorens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 2002 by The Endocrine Society Immunolocalization of GLUTX1 in the Testis and to Specific Brain Areas and Vasopressin- Containing Neurons
    2013
    Co-Authors: Mark Ibberson, Beat M. Riederer, Marc Uldry, Bruno Guhl, Jürgen Roth, Bernard Thorens
    Abstract:

    GLUTX1 or GLUT8 is a newly characterized glucose transporter isoform that is expressed at high levels in the testis and brain and at lower levels in several other tissues. Its expression was mapped in the testis and brain by using specific antibodies. In the testis, immunoreactivity was expressed in differentiating spermatocytes of type 1 stage but undetectable in mature spermatozoa. In the brain, GLUTX1 distribution was selective and localized to a variety of structures, mainly archi- and Paleocortex. It was found in hippocampal and dentate gyrus neurons as well as amygdala and primary olfactory cortex. In these neurons, its location was close to the plasma membrane of cell bodies and sometimes in proximal dendrites. High GLUTX1 levels were detected in the hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, median eminence, and the posterior pituitary. Neurons of these areas synthesize and secrete vasopressi

  • Immunolocalization of GLUTX1 in the testis and to specific brain areas and vasopressin-containing neurons.
    Endocrinology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Mark Ibberson, Beat M. Riederer, Marc Uldry, Bruno Guhl, Jürgen Roth, Bernard Thorens
    Abstract:

    GLUTX1 or GLUT8 is a newly characterized glucose transporter isoform that is expressed at high levels in the testis and brain and at lower levels in several other tissues. Its expression was mapped in the testis and brain by using specific antibodies. In the testis, immunoreactivity was expressed in differentiating spermatocytes of type 1 stage but undetectable in mature spermatozoa. In the brain, GLUTX1 distribution was selective and localized to a variety of structures, mainly archi- and Paleocortex. It was found in hippocampal and dentate gyrus neurons as well as amygdala and primary olfactory cortex. In these neurons, its location was close to the plasma membrane of cell bodies and sometimes in proximal dendrites. High GLUTX1 levels were detected in the hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, median eminence, and the posterior pituitary. Neurons of these areas synthesize and secrete vasopressin and oxytocin. As shown by double immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold labeling, GLUTX1 was expressed only ...

Camino De Juan Romero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evolution of Cortical Neurogenesis in Amniotes Controlled by Robo Signaling Levels
    Cell, 2018
    Co-Authors: Adrián Cárdenas, Ana Villalba, Esther Picó, Christina Kyrousi, Micha Drukker, Camino De Juan Romero, Le Ma, Athanasia C Tzika, Silvia Cappello
    Abstract:

    Summary Cerebral cortex size differs dramatically between reptiles, birds, and mammals, owing to developmental differences in neuron production. In mammals, signaling pathways regulating neurogenesis have been identified, but genetic differences behind their evolution across amniotes remain unknown. We show that direct neurogenesis from radial glia cells, with limited neuron production, dominates the avian, reptilian, and mammalian Paleocortex, whereas in the evolutionarily recent mammalian neocortex, most neurogenesis is indirect via basal progenitors. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in mouse, chick, and snake embryos and in human cerebral organoids demonstrate that high Slit/Robo and low Dll1 signaling, via Jag1 and Jag2, are necessary and sufficient to drive direct neurogenesis. Attenuating Robo signaling and enhancing Dll1 in snakes and birds recapitulates the formation of basal progenitors and promotes indirect neurogenesis. Our study identifies modulation in activity levels of conserved signaling pathways as a primary mechanism driving the expansion and increased complexity of the mammalian neocortex during amniote evolution.

  • Evolution of cortical neurogenesis in amniotes controlled by robo Signaling Levels
    'Elsevier BV', 2018
    Co-Authors: Cárdenas. A., Camino De Juan Romero, Villalba A., Picó E., Kyrousi C., Tzika A.c., Tessier-lavigne M., Ma L., Drukker M., Cappello S.
    Abstract:

    Cerebral cortex size differs dramatically between reptiles, birds, and mammals, owing to developmental differences in neuron production. In mammals, signaling pathways regulating neurogenesis have been identified, but genetic differences behind their evolution across amniotes remain unknown. We show that direct neurogenesis from radial glia cells, with limited neuron production, dominates the avian, reptilian, and mammalian Paleocortex, whereas in the evolutionarily recent mammalian neocortex, most neurogenesis is indirect via basal progenitors. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in mouse, chick, and snake embryos and in human cerebral organoids demonstrate that high Slit/Robo and low Dll1 signaling, via Jag1 and Jag2, are necessary and sufficient to drive direct neurogenesis. Attenuating Robo signaling and enhancing Dll1 in snakes and birds recapitulates the formation of basal progenitors and promotes indirect neurogenesis. Our study identifies modulation in activity levels of conserved signaling pathways as a primary mechanism driving the expansion and increased complexity of the mammalian neocortex during amniote evolution.FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide