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Charongpun Musikavong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • assessing ecological footprints of products from the rubber industry and Palm Oil Mills in thailand
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017
    Co-Authors: Charongpun Musikavong, Shabbir H Gheewala
    Abstract:

    Abstract Rubber and crude Palm Oil (CPO) are the major agricultural products of Thailand. This work aimed at evaluating the ecological footprint (EF) of ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) from cooperative rubber sheet factories, ribbed smoked sheet bale (RSSB) from large rubber sheet factories, Standard Thai Rubber (STR) from block rubber factories, concentrated latex from concentrated latex factories, and CPO of Palm Oil Mills in Thailand. The system boundary of cradle to gate was set according to the life cycle assessment approach. The fresh latex and cup lump from rubber plantations and fresh fruit bunch from the Oil Palm plantations were the major inputs for the rubber factory and the Palm Oil mill, respectively. EFs of the selected products from high to low were STR 20 at 7.06 global hectares (gha)/tonne, RSSB at 6.87 gha/tonne, RSS at 6.78 gha/tonne, STR 5 at 6.68 gha/tonne, concentrated latex at 5.07 gha/tonne, and CPO at 4.34 gha/tonne, on average. The EF of forest for production of fresh latex, cup lump and unsmoked sheet, and fresh fruit bunch accounted for more than 92% of the total EF. The EF for processing was quite less for the products of both rubber factories and Palm Oil Mills. The production of RSS had a high potential for reducing the EF, followed by that of concentrated latex and STR, respectively. In 2015, the total EF for the production of rubber products and CPO in Thailand was 35.2 and 30.5 million gha for the average and best observed scenarios, respectively. The alternative methods for reduction of EF should be emphasized. The policy makers should include the EF values as the indicator for supporting the expansion of rubber and Oil Palm industries.

  • water footprints of products of Oil Palm plantations and Palm Oil Mills in thailand
    Science of The Total Environment, 2016
    Co-Authors: Phetrada Suttayakul, Charongpun Musikavong, Aran Hkittikun, Chaisri Suksaroj, Jitti Mungkalasiri, Ruthairat Wisansuwannakorn
    Abstract:

    The water footprint (WF) of fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) from Oil Palm plantations and crude Palm Oil (CPO) from Palm Oil Mills in southern and eastern Thailand were determined over 25 years. Climatic conditions, sOil characteristics, and the characteristics of Oil Palm growth were considered. The WF of FFBs was 1063 m(3)/ton (t) on average. Green, blue, and grey waters comprised of 68, 18, and 14% of total WF, respectively. The Oil Palm plantations in Thailand required smaller amounts of indirect blue water. The average WF for producing a ton of CPO of seven Mills was 5083 m(3). Most of the waters used in the Mills originated from indirect green, blue and grey waters from the plantations. The direct blue water used in the Mills had less impact on the total WF, lower than 1% of the total WF. Average percentages of green, blue, and grey waters of 69, 16, and 15% of total WF were determined for the Mills, respectively. The water deprivation of the FFBs and CPO ranged from 0.73-12.9 and 3.44-58.3 m(3)H2Oeq/t, respectively. In 2013, the CPO production in Thailand including green, blue, and grey waters from plantation and blue water from Mills required 11,343 million m(3) water. If the Oil Palm variety Suratthani 7 is used in the plantation, it would increase the yield from 15.2 to 22.8 t FFBs/ha-year and decrease the WF to 888 m(3)/t FFBs. The average value of the Oil extraction rate (OER) of Mills was 18.1%. With an increase in the OER of 1%, a reduction of the WF of 250 m(3)/t CPO or 5.1% of total WF could be obtained.

  • alternative technologies for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from Palm Oil Mills in thailand
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Roihatai Kaewmai, Aran Hkittikun, Chaisri Suksaroj, Charongpun Musikavong
    Abstract:

    Alternative methodologies for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crude Palm Oil (CPO) production by a wet extraction mill in Thailand were developed. The production of 1 t of CPO from Mills with biogas capture (four Mills) and without biogas capture (two Mills) in 2010 produced GHG emissions of 935 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq), on average. Wastewater treatment plants with and without biogas capture produced GHG emissions of 64 and 47% of total GHG emission, respectively. The rest of the emissions mostly originated from the acquisition of fresh fruit bunches. The establishment of a biogas recovery system must be the first step in the reduction of GHG emissions. It could reduce GHG emissions by 373 kgCO2eq/t of CPO. The main source of GHG emission of 163 kgCO2eq/t of CPO from the Mills with biogas capture was the open pond used for cooling of wastewater before it enters the biogas recovery system. The reduction of GHG emissions could be accomplished by (i) using a wastewater-dispersed unit for cooling, (ii) using a covered pond, (iii) enhancing the performance of the biogas recovery system, and (iv) changing the stabilization pond to an aerated lagoon. By using options i-iv, reductions of GHG emissions of 216, 208, 92.2, and 87.6 kgCO2eq/t of CPO, respectively, can be achieved.

  • Greenhouse gas emissions of Palm Oil Mills in Thailand
    International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2012
    Co-Authors: Roihatai Kaewmai, Aran H-kittikun, Charongpun Musikavong
    Abstract:

    Abstract This research is aimed at developing a methodology for the calculation of greenhouse gas (GHG) for Palm Oil Mills in Thailand. It was prepared by setting up a system boundary to cover Palm Oil Mills with the wet extraction process for the evaluation of the cradle to gate process. The existing methodologies for calculation were reviewed to develop a Thai GHG calculation methodology. There were 14 Palm Oil Mills participated in the assessment of GHG emitted at source and the collection of data in relation to GHG calculation. They accounted for 34.6% of total crude Palm Oil (CPO) production capacity in Thailand. The GHG emissions of the wet extraction process arose from the acquisition of raw material, the chemicals used, the energy used, transportation and wastewater management. The average GHG emission value of fourteen Mills without allocation was 1198 kgCO 2 e/metric ton (MT) CPO. The major sources emitting GHG were from the cultivation and harvesting of fresh fruit bunches and the wastewater treatment system. The total CPO production in Thailand in the year 2009 by the wet extraction process emitted an approximate total of 1.62 million GHG metric tons of CO 2 e. The GHG emission values of CPO by energy allocation from the Mills with biogas capture, the Mills without biogas capture, the Thailand average, and the best observed scenarios were 750, 1087, 871 and 440 kgCO 2 e/MT CPO, respectively.

S Prasertsan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Minimization of water consumption and process optimization of Palm Oil Mills
    Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2006
    Co-Authors: J Chungsiriporn, S Prasertsan, C Bunyakan
    Abstract:

    The Palm Oil milling process consumes a large quantity of water for the Oil extraction process and, consequently, generates a larger amount of wastewater. Palm Oil mill effluent (POME) is polluted aqueous waste with high BOD. Usually, the Mills simply employ an open pond anaerobic treatment to handle the POME. This requires large land area since the retention time is substantially long. The problem is even more serious in the rainy season, which is coincident with the high yield season of the Palm fruit. This work seeks alternative use of waste streams in the process in order to reduce freshwater consumption and wastewater generation. By a mass integration technique, the allocation of waste streams back to the process is possible. The optimum process was determined by mathematical models of three subsystems. The objective functions were set to provide minimum freshwater demand or minimum Oil residue in the POME. The optimization constraints were obtained from the experiment and technical specifications/characteristics of the equipment. Matlab optimization toolbox was used to solve the optimization problems. It was found that the recycle of the waste streams had reduced the freshwater consumption and POME by 65% and 67%, respectively.

  • toward cleaner production of Palm Oil Mills part 2 minimization of water consumption and process optimization
    2006
    Co-Authors: J Chungsiriporn, S Prasertsan, C Bunyakan
    Abstract:

    The Palm Oil milling process consumes large quantity of water for Oil extraction process and, consequently, generates a larger amount of wastewater. Palm Oil mill effluent (POME) is polluted aqueous waste with high BOD. Usually, the Mills simply employ open pond anaerobic treatment to handle the POME. This requires large land area since the retention time is substantially long. The problem is even serious in rainy season, which is coincident with the high yield season of the Palm fruit. This work seeks alternative use of waste streams in the process in order to reduce freshwater consumption and wastewater generation. By mass integration technique, the allocation of waste streams back to the process is possible. The optimum process was determined by mathematical models of three subsystems. The objective functions were set to provide minimum freshwater demand or minimum Oil residue in the POME. The optimization constraints were obtained from the experiment and technical specification/characteristic of the equipment. Matlab optimization toolbox was used to solve the optimization problems. It was found that the recycle of the waste streams has reduced the freshwater consumption and POME by 65% and 67%, respectively.

  • study towards cleaner production by Palm Oil Mills modelling of Oil separation for horizontal settling tank
    2005
    Co-Authors: J Chungsiriporn, S Prasertsan, C Bunyakan
    Abstract:

    The horizontal settling tank is common equipment for Oil separation in the wet milling process of crude Palm Oil Mills. It was found that 7-10% of Palm Oil is present in the discharging sludge. To improve the settling efficiency, the influence of settling variables was studied to form a mathematical model of the horizontal settling process. Settling behavior of the Oil- sludge mixture was studied in a laboratory and the results were applied to a horizontal continuous flow settling tank in a factory. The regression models were validated statistically by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), coefficient of multiple

  • biomass residues from Palm Oil Mills in thailand an overview on quantity and potential usage
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 1996
    Co-Authors: S Prasertsan, Poonsuk Prasertsan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Palm Oil production is one of the major industries in the south of Thailand. A study of the quantity and potential usage of Palm Oil mill wastes was carried out. Sixteen Palm Oil Mills in the region generate 386,930 tons/yr 165,830 tons/yr and 110,550 tons/yr of empty fruit bunches, Palm press fiber and Palm kernel shell, respectively. In addition, 1,202,260 tons/yr of waste water is being treated anaerobically. Only the pericarp fiber is used for bOiler feed. Empty fruit bunches and the shell are disposed of by the land filling method, which is very costly. In some factories the empty fruit bunches are burnt in the furnaces, which causes air pollution. The study suggests potential usages of the solid and liquid wastes.

C Bunyakan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Minimization of water consumption and process optimization of Palm Oil Mills
    Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2006
    Co-Authors: J Chungsiriporn, S Prasertsan, C Bunyakan
    Abstract:

    The Palm Oil milling process consumes a large quantity of water for the Oil extraction process and, consequently, generates a larger amount of wastewater. Palm Oil mill effluent (POME) is polluted aqueous waste with high BOD. Usually, the Mills simply employ an open pond anaerobic treatment to handle the POME. This requires large land area since the retention time is substantially long. The problem is even more serious in the rainy season, which is coincident with the high yield season of the Palm fruit. This work seeks alternative use of waste streams in the process in order to reduce freshwater consumption and wastewater generation. By a mass integration technique, the allocation of waste streams back to the process is possible. The optimum process was determined by mathematical models of three subsystems. The objective functions were set to provide minimum freshwater demand or minimum Oil residue in the POME. The optimization constraints were obtained from the experiment and technical specifications/characteristics of the equipment. Matlab optimization toolbox was used to solve the optimization problems. It was found that the recycle of the waste streams had reduced the freshwater consumption and POME by 65% and 67%, respectively.

  • toward cleaner production of Palm Oil Mills part 2 minimization of water consumption and process optimization
    2006
    Co-Authors: J Chungsiriporn, S Prasertsan, C Bunyakan
    Abstract:

    The Palm Oil milling process consumes large quantity of water for Oil extraction process and, consequently, generates a larger amount of wastewater. Palm Oil mill effluent (POME) is polluted aqueous waste with high BOD. Usually, the Mills simply employ open pond anaerobic treatment to handle the POME. This requires large land area since the retention time is substantially long. The problem is even serious in rainy season, which is coincident with the high yield season of the Palm fruit. This work seeks alternative use of waste streams in the process in order to reduce freshwater consumption and wastewater generation. By mass integration technique, the allocation of waste streams back to the process is possible. The optimum process was determined by mathematical models of three subsystems. The objective functions were set to provide minimum freshwater demand or minimum Oil residue in the POME. The optimization constraints were obtained from the experiment and technical specification/characteristic of the equipment. Matlab optimization toolbox was used to solve the optimization problems. It was found that the recycle of the waste streams has reduced the freshwater consumption and POME by 65% and 67%, respectively.

  • study towards cleaner production by Palm Oil Mills modelling of Oil separation for horizontal settling tank
    2005
    Co-Authors: J Chungsiriporn, S Prasertsan, C Bunyakan
    Abstract:

    The horizontal settling tank is common equipment for Oil separation in the wet milling process of crude Palm Oil Mills. It was found that 7-10% of Palm Oil is present in the discharging sludge. To improve the settling efficiency, the influence of settling variables was studied to form a mathematical model of the horizontal settling process. Settling behavior of the Oil- sludge mixture was studied in a laboratory and the results were applied to a horizontal continuous flow settling tank in a factory. The regression models were validated statistically by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), coefficient of multiple

Haslenda Hashim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An integrated carbon footprint accounting and sustainability index for Palm Oil Mills
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nabila Farhana Jamaludin, Zarina Ab Muis, Haslenda Hashim
    Abstract:

    Abstract Palm Oil industry has received criticism from various parties on the issue of sustainability and the greenhouse gases. Carbon footprint accounting are widely used as a metric of climate change impacts and the main focus of many sustainability policies among companies and authorities. However, carbon footprint accounting has limitation to represent sustainability as a whole and may resulting inaccurate selection of further mitigation. This paper evaluates sustainability and greenhouse gases simultaneously using an integrated Palm Oil mill carbon footprint accounting (POMCFA) and Palm Oil mill sustainability index (POMSI) method. The integration was performed via the adoption of data synchronization of the carbon footprint accounting and sustainability assessment. The analysis shows that highest carbon dioxide equivalent emission was contributed by Palm Oil mill effluent followed by diesel consumption and water consumption. In terms of sustainability scoring, the results show that the environmental aspect achieved the lowest scores compared to other aspects (social and economy). Weaknesses identified include diesel consumption, Palm Oil mill effluent and bOiler emission. The assessment analysed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent and sustainability scoring demonstrates its potential to provide comprehensive mitigation selection purposes.

  • A sustainability performance assessment framework for Palm Oil Mills
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nabila Farhana Jamaludin, Haslenda Hashim, Zarina Ab Muis, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Mazura Jusoh, Alafiza Yunus, Siti Mariah Abdul Murad
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Palm Oil industry has had to undergo rapid development in order to cope with the increasing demand from consumers year by year. The Palm Oil industry is receiving criticism from various parties on the issue of sustainability. This paper presents the development of a Palm Oil Mill Sustainability Index that enables millers to assess the sustainability performance of Palm Oil Mills against benchmarks, and to differentiate between the performance of each mill. The assessment was performed via the adoption of a Proximity-to-Target approach that measures the current sustainability performance of the industry relative to policy targets. The industry's comparable performance was observed in terms of sustainability and indicators through a graphical method. The resulting Palm Oil Mill Sustainability Index scores were translated into a five-point rating system to describe the sustainability performance levels for different Mills i.e. excellent, good, fair, poor, and very poor. Based on the Palm Oil Mill Sustainability Index scores and rating system, weak performance indicators were identified, for example, excessive use of water consumption due to inappropriate operation of hydrocyclones. By identifying the weak performance indicators, practical recommendations and measures for improvement can be proposed and the Palm Oil Mill Sustainability Index scores recalculated to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed sustainability performance strategy. Selected Palm Oil Mills in Malaysia were used as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the framework. The results provide empirical evidence to support a decision-support-system for enhancing Palm Oil mill sustainability performance, so as to achieve a balance between environmental, economic, and social aspects in the Palm Oil mill sector.

Halima Begum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Environmental sustainability practices among Palm Oil millers
    Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Halima Begum, A. C. Er, A. S. A. Ferdous Alam, Ahmad Bashawir Abdul Ghani
    Abstract:

    Considering the global Palm Oil production, it can be identified as the second largest vegetable Oil. Palm Oil is a natural resource that is favorable for the Malaysian climate. In 2017, Malaysia had a total of 454 Palm Oil Mills with a production capacity of approximately 112 million tonnes of fresh fruit bunches. A sustainable environment denotes high income, value addition and zero waste. Nonetheless, Palm Oil Mills are being associated with the discharge of untreated effluent water stream pollution, solid wastes, air pollution, etc. The important objective of this study is to measure the level of sustainable environmental practices parameters and awareness of millers. The primary data were collected through questionnaire survey and interviews from 71 millers in Malaysia. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to describe the relationships between the environmental parameters for measuring environment sustainability. This study found that most of the millers employ positive practices for environmental sustainability, and the highest environment parameter is disposal of solid wastes. However, this study can be implemented in Malaysian Palm Oil Mills for identifying the lowest parameters. This study suggested to the industries that the new national sustainable policies for Palm Oil Mills, especially for small and medium players, may enhance the environmental parameters.

  • Sustainability practices framework of the Palm Oil milling sub-sector: a literature survey
    International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2019
    Co-Authors: Halima Begum, A. S. A. Ferdous Alam, Er Ah Choy, Chamhuri Siwar, Suraiya Ishak
    Abstract:

    A sustainable practices framework in accordance with environmental, economic, and social dimensions is an important constituent of the Palm Oil milling sub-sector for its effective contribution to the national economy of Malaysia. A major threat to the Palm Oil Mills is the adoption of a lower sustainability practices framework that can result in environmental degradation, low production, prices of crude Palm Oil (CPO). The main objective is to examine the sustainability practices framework of the Palm Oil Mills in Malaysia, through a comprehensive literature survey. Therefore, the methodology for the framework was studied using public-domain journal articles found through electronic databases. The literature survey encompasses publications dating from 1987 to 2018. The findings reveal that production rates and price of CPO are decreasing, although demand remains high. It suggests a further study of better national sustainable policies and standard for the Palm Oil Mills via a primary survey.