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Flavio Monti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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drawing the baseline of trace element levels in the vulnerable mediterranean osprey Pandion Haliaetus variations by breeding location habitats and egg components
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020Co-Authors: Flavio Monti, Andrea Sforzi, Nicola Bianchi, Claudio Leonzio, Stefania AncoraAbstract:Due to its peculiarity to accumulate environmental contaminants, the osprey Pandion Haliaetus is a sentinel species for the biomonitoring of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Despite this, no information on trace element concentration exists for the Mediterranean area, where relict and vulnerable osprey populations exist. We evaluated the geographical patterns of heavy metals and selenium in osprey eggs from three different populations of the Mediterranean basin (Balearic Islands, Corsica, and Tuscany), to identify any possible contaminant sources. Pattern of metal concentration followed the order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Se > Hg > Pb > Cd. Differences in contaminant concentrations between habitats and among egg components were found. Egg content and inner membrane showed higher mercury levels (1.06 ± 0.89 and 0.67 ± 0.62 mg/kg dw, respectively) than those recorded in the eggshell. Mercury concentration was ca. two times higher in marine than in wetland samples, and even higher (3.6 times) when referred to the eggshell. Cu, Fe, Zn, and Se had higher concentration in the inner membrane. We stress how the choice of the biological material can have significant implications for the correct evaluation of contamination. Our study represents a first regional scale survey for the vulnerable Mediterranean osprey populations and provides baseline data for their long-term biomonitoring.
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details of environmental covariates analyses from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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details of behaviour classification methods from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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effects of strong winds on thermal soaring behaviour from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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details of behaviour classification methods from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred kilometres of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 times slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explain the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
David Gremillet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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details of environmental covariates analyses from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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details of behaviour classification methods from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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effects of strong winds on thermal soaring behaviour from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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details of behaviour classification methods from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred kilometres of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 times slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explain the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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being cosmopolitan evolutionary history and phylogeography of a specialized raptor the osprey Pandion Haliaetus
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Flavio Monti, Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, David Gremillet, Veronique Arnal, Jeanmarie Dominici, Leonida FusaniAbstract:The Osprey (Pandion Haliaetus) is one of only six bird species with an almost world-wide distribution. We aimed at clarifying its phylogeographic structure and elucidating its taxonomic status (as it is currently separated into four subspecies). We tested six biogeographical scenarios to explain how the species’ distribution and differentiation took place in the past and how such a specialized raptor was able to colonize most of the globe. Using two mitochondrial genes (cyt b and ND2), the Osprey appeared structured into four genetic groups representing quasi non-overlapping geographical regions. The group Indo-Australasia corresponds to the cristatus ssp, as well as the group Europe-Africa to the Haliaetus ssp. In the Americas, we found a single lineage for both carolinensis and ridgwayi ssp, whereas in north-east Asia (Siberia and Japan), we discovered a fourth new lineage. The four lineages are well differentiated, contrasting with the low genetic variability observed within each clade. Historical demographic reconstructions suggested that three of the four lineages experienced stable trends or slight demographic increases. Molecular dating estimates the initial split between lineages at about 1.16 Ma ago, in the Early Pleistocene. Our biogeographical inference suggests a pattern of colonization from the American continent towards the Old World. Populations of the Palearctic would represent the last outcomes of this colonization. At a global scale the Osprey complex may be composed of four different Evolutionary Significant Units, which should be treated as specific management units. Our study brought essential genetic clarifications, which have implications for conservation strategies in identifying distinct lineages across which birds should not be artificially moved through exchange/reintroduction schemes.
Andrea Sforzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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drawing the baseline of trace element levels in the vulnerable mediterranean osprey Pandion Haliaetus variations by breeding location habitats and egg components
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020Co-Authors: Flavio Monti, Andrea Sforzi, Nicola Bianchi, Claudio Leonzio, Stefania AncoraAbstract:Due to its peculiarity to accumulate environmental contaminants, the osprey Pandion Haliaetus is a sentinel species for the biomonitoring of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Despite this, no information on trace element concentration exists for the Mediterranean area, where relict and vulnerable osprey populations exist. We evaluated the geographical patterns of heavy metals and selenium in osprey eggs from three different populations of the Mediterranean basin (Balearic Islands, Corsica, and Tuscany), to identify any possible contaminant sources. Pattern of metal concentration followed the order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Se > Hg > Pb > Cd. Differences in contaminant concentrations between habitats and among egg components were found. Egg content and inner membrane showed higher mercury levels (1.06 ± 0.89 and 0.67 ± 0.62 mg/kg dw, respectively) than those recorded in the eggshell. Mercury concentration was ca. two times higher in marine than in wetland samples, and even higher (3.6 times) when referred to the eggshell. Cu, Fe, Zn, and Se had higher concentration in the inner membrane. We stress how the choice of the biological material can have significant implications for the correct evaluation of contamination. Our study represents a first regional scale survey for the vulnerable Mediterranean osprey populations and provides baseline data for their long-term biomonitoring.
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details of environmental covariates analyses from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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details of behaviour classification methods from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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effects of strong winds on thermal soaring behaviour from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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details of behaviour classification methods from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred kilometres of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 times slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explain the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
Olivier Duriez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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details of environmental covariates analyses from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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details of behaviour classification methods from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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effects of strong winds on thermal soaring behaviour from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred km of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 time slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explaining the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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details of behaviour classification methods from Migrating ospreys use thermal uplift over the open sea
2018Co-Authors: Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, Guillaume Peron, David Gremillet, Flavio MontiAbstract:Most large raptors on migration avoid crossing the sea because of the lack of atmospheric convection over temperate seas. The osprey Pandion Haliaetus is an exception among raptors, since it can fly over several hundred kilometres of open water. We equipped five juvenile ospreys with GPS-Accelerometer-Magnetometer loggers. All birds were able to find and use thermal uplift while crossing the Mediterranean Sea, on average 7.5 times per 100 km, and could reach altitudes of 900 m above the sea surface. Their climb rate was 1.6 times slower than over land, and birds kept flapping most of the time while circling in the thermals, indicating that convections cells were weaker than over land. The frequency of thermal soaring was correlated with the difference between the sea surface and air temperature, indicating that atmospheric convection occurred when surface waters were warmer than the overlaying air. These observations help explain the transoceanic cosmopolitan distribution of osprey, and question the widely held assumption that water bodies represent strict barriers for large raptors
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being cosmopolitan evolutionary history and phylogeography of a specialized raptor the osprey Pandion Haliaetus
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Flavio Monti, Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, David Gremillet, Veronique Arnal, Jeanmarie Dominici, Leonida FusaniAbstract:The Osprey (Pandion Haliaetus) is one of only six bird species with an almost world-wide distribution. We aimed at clarifying its phylogeographic structure and elucidating its taxonomic status (as it is currently separated into four subspecies). We tested six biogeographical scenarios to explain how the species’ distribution and differentiation took place in the past and how such a specialized raptor was able to colonize most of the globe. Using two mitochondrial genes (cyt b and ND2), the Osprey appeared structured into four genetic groups representing quasi non-overlapping geographical regions. The group Indo-Australasia corresponds to the cristatus ssp, as well as the group Europe-Africa to the Haliaetus ssp. In the Americas, we found a single lineage for both carolinensis and ridgwayi ssp, whereas in north-east Asia (Siberia and Japan), we discovered a fourth new lineage. The four lineages are well differentiated, contrasting with the low genetic variability observed within each clade. Historical demographic reconstructions suggested that three of the four lineages experienced stable trends or slight demographic increases. Molecular dating estimates the initial split between lineages at about 1.16 Ma ago, in the Early Pleistocene. Our biogeographical inference suggests a pattern of colonization from the American continent towards the Old World. Populations of the Palearctic would represent the last outcomes of this colonization. At a global scale the Osprey complex may be composed of four different Evolutionary Significant Units, which should be treated as specific management units. Our study brought essential genetic clarifications, which have implications for conservation strategies in identifying distinct lineages across which birds should not be artificially moved through exchange/reintroduction schemes.
Leonida Fusani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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being cosmopolitan evolutionary history and phylogeography of a specialized raptor the osprey Pandion Haliaetus
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Flavio Monti, Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, David Gremillet, Veronique Arnal, Jeanmarie Dominici, Leonida FusaniAbstract:The Osprey (Pandion Haliaetus) is one of only six bird species with an almost world-wide distribution. We aimed at clarifying its phylogeographic structure and elucidating its taxonomic status (as it is currently separated into four subspecies). We tested six biogeographical scenarios to explain how the species’ distribution and differentiation took place in the past and how such a specialized raptor was able to colonize most of the globe. Using two mitochondrial genes (cyt b and ND2), the Osprey appeared structured into four genetic groups representing quasi non-overlapping geographical regions. The group Indo-Australasia corresponds to the cristatus ssp, as well as the group Europe-Africa to the Haliaetus ssp. In the Americas, we found a single lineage for both carolinensis and ridgwayi ssp, whereas in north-east Asia (Siberia and Japan), we discovered a fourth new lineage. The four lineages are well differentiated, contrasting with the low genetic variability observed within each clade. Historical demographic reconstructions suggested that three of the four lineages experienced stable trends or slight demographic increases. Molecular dating estimates the initial split between lineages at about 1.16 Ma ago, in the Early Pleistocene. Our biogeographical inference suggests a pattern of colonization from the American continent towards the Old World. Populations of the Palearctic would represent the last outcomes of this colonization. At a global scale the Osprey complex may be composed of four different Evolutionary Significant Units, which should be treated as specific management units. Our study brought essential genetic clarifications, which have implications for conservation strategies in identifying distinct lineages across which birds should not be artificially moved through exchange/reintroduction schemes.
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Being cosmopolitan: evolutionary history and phylogeography of a specialized raptor, the Osprey Pandion Haliaetus
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Flavio Monti, Olivier Duriez, Andrea Sforzi, David Gremillet, Veronique Arnal, Jeanmarie Dominici, Leonida Fusani, Claudine MontgelardAbstract:BACKGROUND: The Osprey (Pandion Haliaetus) is one of only six bird species with an almost world-wide distribution. We aimed at clarifying its phylogeographic structure and elucidating its taxonomic status (as it is currently separated into four subspecies). We tested six biogeographical scenarios to explain how the species' distribution and differentiation took place in the past and how such a specialized raptor was able to colonize most of the globe. RESULTS: Using two mitochondrial genes (cyt b and ND2), the Osprey appeared structured into four genetic groups representing quasi non-overlapping geographical regions. The group Indo-Australasia corresponds to the cristatus ssp, as well as the group Europe-Africa to the Haliaetus ssp. In the Americas, we found a single lineage for both carolinensis and ridgwayi ssp, whereas in north-east Asia (Siberia and Japan), we discovered a fourth new lineage. The four lineages are well differentiated, contrasting with the low genetic variability observed within each clade. Historical demographic reconstructions suggested that three of the four lineages experienced stable trends or slight demographic increases. Molecular dating estimates the initial split between lineages at about 1.16 Ma ago, in the Early Pleistocene. CONCLUSIONS: Our biogeographical inference suggests a pattern of colonization from the American continent towards the Old World. Populations of the Palearctic would represent the last outcomes of this colonization. At a global scale the Osprey complex may be composed of four different Evolutionary Significant Units, which should be treated as specific management units. Our study brought essential genetic clarifications, which have implications for conservation strategies in identifying distinct lineages across which birds should not be artificially moved through exchange/reintroduction schemes.
