The Experts below are selected from a list of 101907 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Florian Malard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cryptic species as a window into the Paradigm Shift of the species concept
    Molecular Ecology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cene Fiser, Christopher T. Robinson, Florian Malard
    Abstract:

    : The species concept is the cornerstone of biodiversity science, and any Paradigm Shift in the delimitation of species affects many research fields. Many biologists now are embracing a new "species" Paradigm as separately evolving populations using different delimitation criteria. Individual criteria can emerge during different periods of speciation; some may never evolve. As such, a Paradigm Shift in the species concept relates to this inherent heterogeneity in the speciation process and species category-which is fundamentally overlooked in biodiversity research. Cryptic species fall within this Paradigm Shift: they are continuously being reported from diverse animal phyla but are poorly considered in current tests of ecological and evolutionary theory. The aim of this review is to integrate cryptic species in biodiversity science. In the first section, we address that the absence of morphological diversification is an evolutionary phenomenon, a "process" counterpart to the long-studied mechanisms of morphological diversification. In the next section regarding taxonomy, we show that molecular delimitation of cryptic species is heavily biased towards distance-based methods. We also stress the importance of formally naming of cryptic species for better integration into research fields that use species as units of analysis. Finally, we show that incorporating cryptic species leads to novel insights regarding biodiversity patterns and processes, including large-scale biodiversity assessments, geographic variation in species distribution and species coexistence. It is time for incorporating multicriteria species approaches aiming to understand speciation across space and taxa, thus allowing integration into biodiversity conservation while accommodating for species uncertainty.

Christopher T. Robinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cryptic species as a window into the Paradigm Shift of the species concept
    Molecular Ecology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cene Fiser, Christopher T. Robinson, Florian Malard
    Abstract:

    : The species concept is the cornerstone of biodiversity science, and any Paradigm Shift in the delimitation of species affects many research fields. Many biologists now are embracing a new "species" Paradigm as separately evolving populations using different delimitation criteria. Individual criteria can emerge during different periods of speciation; some may never evolve. As such, a Paradigm Shift in the species concept relates to this inherent heterogeneity in the speciation process and species category-which is fundamentally overlooked in biodiversity research. Cryptic species fall within this Paradigm Shift: they are continuously being reported from diverse animal phyla but are poorly considered in current tests of ecological and evolutionary theory. The aim of this review is to integrate cryptic species in biodiversity science. In the first section, we address that the absence of morphological diversification is an evolutionary phenomenon, a "process" counterpart to the long-studied mechanisms of morphological diversification. In the next section regarding taxonomy, we show that molecular delimitation of cryptic species is heavily biased towards distance-based methods. We also stress the importance of formally naming of cryptic species for better integration into research fields that use species as units of analysis. Finally, we show that incorporating cryptic species leads to novel insights regarding biodiversity patterns and processes, including large-scale biodiversity assessments, geographic variation in species distribution and species coexistence. It is time for incorporating multicriteria species approaches aiming to understand speciation across space and taxa, thus allowing integration into biodiversity conservation while accommodating for species uncertainty.

Cene Fiser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cryptic species as a window into the Paradigm Shift of the species concept
    Molecular Ecology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cene Fiser, Christopher T. Robinson, Florian Malard
    Abstract:

    : The species concept is the cornerstone of biodiversity science, and any Paradigm Shift in the delimitation of species affects many research fields. Many biologists now are embracing a new "species" Paradigm as separately evolving populations using different delimitation criteria. Individual criteria can emerge during different periods of speciation; some may never evolve. As such, a Paradigm Shift in the species concept relates to this inherent heterogeneity in the speciation process and species category-which is fundamentally overlooked in biodiversity research. Cryptic species fall within this Paradigm Shift: they are continuously being reported from diverse animal phyla but are poorly considered in current tests of ecological and evolutionary theory. The aim of this review is to integrate cryptic species in biodiversity science. In the first section, we address that the absence of morphological diversification is an evolutionary phenomenon, a "process" counterpart to the long-studied mechanisms of morphological diversification. In the next section regarding taxonomy, we show that molecular delimitation of cryptic species is heavily biased towards distance-based methods. We also stress the importance of formally naming of cryptic species for better integration into research fields that use species as units of analysis. Finally, we show that incorporating cryptic species leads to novel insights regarding biodiversity patterns and processes, including large-scale biodiversity assessments, geographic variation in species distribution and species coexistence. It is time for incorporating multicriteria species approaches aiming to understand speciation across space and taxa, thus allowing integration into biodiversity conservation while accommodating for species uncertainty.

Eric Von Hippel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • modeling a Paradigm Shift from producer innovation to user and open collaborative innovation
    Organization Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Eric Von Hippel
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we assess the economic viability of innovation by producers relative to two increasingly important alternative models: innovations by single-user individuals or firms and open collaborative innovation. We analyze the design costs and architectures and communication costs associated with each model. We conclude that both innovation by individual users and open collaborative innovation increasingly compete with and may displace producer innovation in many parts of the economy. We explain why this represents a Paradigm Shift with respect to innovation research, policy making, and practice. We discuss important implications and offer suggestions for further research.

  • Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation
    Organization Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Carliss Baldwin, Eric Von Hippel
    Abstract:

    In this paper we assess the economic viability of innovation by producers relative to two increasingly important alternative models: innovations by single user individuals or firms, and open collaborative innovation. We analyze the design costs and architectures and communication costs associated with each model. We conclude that both innovation by individual users and open collaborative innovation increasingly compete with and may displace producer innovation in many parts of the economy. We explain why this represents a Paradigm Shift with respect to innovation research, policymaking, and practice. We discuss important implications and offer suggestions for further research. Original November 2009. This revision 2010.

Alfred Menezes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • elliptic curve cryptography the serpentine course of a Paradigm Shift
    Journal of Number Theory, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ann Hibner Koblitz, Neal Koblitz, Alfred Menezes
    Abstract:

    Abstract Text Over a period of sixteen years elliptic curve cryptography went from being an approach that many people mistrusted or misunderstood to being a public key technology that enjoys almost unquestioned acceptance. We describe the sometimes surprising twists and turns in this Paradigm Shift, and compare this story with the commonly accepted Ideal Model of how research and development function in cryptography. We also discuss to what extent the ideas in the literature on “social construction of technology” can contribute to a better understanding of this history. Video For a video summary of this paper, please visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHFFvfDoTK4 .

  • elliptic curve cryptography the serpentine course of a Paradigm Shift
    IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ann Hibner Koblitz, Neal Koblitz, Alfred Menezes
    Abstract:

    Over a period of sixteen years elliptic curve cryptography went from being an approach that many people mistrusted or misunderstood to being a public key technology that enjoys almost unquestioned acceptance. We describe the sometimes surprising twists and turns in this Paradigm Shift, and compare this story with the commonly accepted Ideal Model of how research and development function in cryptography. We also discuss to what extent the ideas in the literature on “social construction of technology” can contribute to a better understanding of this history.