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Janice K Kiecoltglaser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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loneliness and telomere length immune and Parasympathetic Function in associations with accelerated aging
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Stephanie J Wilson, Alex Woody, Avelina C Padin, Jue Lin, William B Malarkey, Janice K KiecoltglaserAbstract:Background Lonely people's heightened risks for chronic health conditions and early mortality may emerge in part through cellular aging. Lonelier people have more severe sympathetic responses to acute stress, increasing their risk for herpesvirus reactivation, a possible path to shorter telomeres. Parasympathetic Function may modulate this risk. Purpose The current study aimed to examine the associations among loneliness, herpesvirus reactivation, and telomere length, with Parasympathetic activity as a moderator, in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Methods A sample of 113 healthy men and women of ages 40-85 provided blood samples that were assayed for telomere length, as well as the latent herpesviruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). They also provided heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of Parasympathetic activity, and reported on their feelings of loneliness. Results Lonelier people with lower HRV (i.e., lower Parasympathetic activity) had greater CMV reactivation and shorter telomeres compared with their less lonely counterparts, above and beyond demographics, health behaviors, resting heart rate, and social network size. However, loneliness was not associated with viral reactivation or telomere length among those with higher HRV. In turn, greater CMV and EBV reactivation was associated with shorter telomeres. Conclusions Taken together, these data implicate Parasympathetic Function in novel links between loneliness and accelerated cellular aging.
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abstract 3133 loneliness and telomere length immune and Parasympathetic Function in a pathway to accelerated aging
Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2019Co-Authors: Stephanie J Wilson, Alex Woody, Avelina C Padin, Jue Lin, William B Malarkey, Janice K KiecoltglaserAbstract:Lonely people’s heightened risks for chronic health conditions and early mortality may emerge in part through cellular aging. Lonelier people have more severe responses to acute stress, increasing their risk for herpesvirus reactivation, a possible path to shorter telomeres. Lower Parasympathetic activity may modulate this risk. To examine the associations among loneliness, Parasympathetic activity, herpesvirus reactivation, and telomere length, 113 healthy men and women ages 40–85 provided blood samples that were assayed for telomere length, as well as the latent herpesviruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). They also provided heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of Parasympathetic activity, and reported on their feelings of loneliness. Lonelier people with lower HRV (i.e., lower Parasympathetic activity) had greater CMV reactivation and shorter telomeres compared to their less lonely counterparts, above and beyond demographics, health behaviors, resting heart rate, and social network size. However, loneliness was not associated with viral reactivation or telomere shortening among those with higher HRV. In turn, greater CMV and EBV reactivation was associated with shorter telomeres. Taken together, these data implicate Parasympathetic Function in a novel route through which loneliness may accelerate cellular aging and hasten mortality.
Hsing-won Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vardenafil inhibiting Parasympathetic Function of tracheal smooth muscle
Journal of The Chinese Medical Association, 2018Co-Authors: Fei Peng Lee, Hsing-won Wang, Pin Zhir ChaoAbstract:Abstract Background Levitra, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is the trade name of vardenafil. Nowadays, it is applied to treatment of erectile dysFunction. PDE5 inhibitors are employed to induce dilatation of the vascular smooth muscle. The effect of Levitra on impotency is well known; however, its effect on the tracheal smooth muscle has rarely been explored. When administered for sexual symptoms via oral intake or inhalation, Levitra might affect the trachea. Methods This study assessed the effects of Levitra on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by examining its effect on resting tension of tracheal smooth muscle, contraction caused by 10−6 M methacholine as a Parasympathetic mimetic, and electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. Results The results showed that adding methacholine to the incubation medium caused the trachea to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of Levitra at doses of 10−5 M or above elicited a significant relaxation response to 10−6 M methacholine-induced contraction. Levitra could inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike contraction. It alone had minimal effect on the basal tension of the trachea as the concentration increased. Conclusion High concentrations of Levitra could inhibit Parasympathetic Function of the trachea. Levitra when administered via oral intake might reduce asthma attacks in impotent patients because it might inhibit Parasympathetic Function and reduce methacholine-induced contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle.
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menthol inhibiting Parasympathetic Function of tracheal smooth muscle
International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Hsing-won Wang, Pin Zhir Chao, Shao Cheng Liu, Fei Peng LeeAbstract:Menthol is used as a constituent of food and drink, tobacco and cosmetics nowadays. This cold receptor agonist has been used as a nasal inhalation solution in the daily life. The effect of menthol on nasal mucosa in vivo is well known; however, the effect of the drug on tracheal smooth muscle has been rarely explored. Therefore, during administration of the drug for nasal symptoms, it might also affect the trachea via oral intake or inhalation. We used our preparation to test the effectiveness of menthol on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle. A 5 mm long portion of rat trachea was submersed in 30 ml Krebs solution in a muscle bath at 37oC. Changes in tracheal contractility in response to the application of a Parasympathetic mimetic agent were measured using a transducer connected to a Pentium III computer equipped with polygraph software. The following assessments of menthol were performed: (1) effect on tracheal smooth muscle resting tension; (2) effect on contraction caused by 10-6 M methacholine as a Parasympathetic mimetic; (3) effect of the drug on electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. Results indicated that addition of a Parasympathetic mimetic to the incubation medium caused the trachea to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of menthol at doses of 10-5 M or above elicited a relaxation response to 10-6 M methacholine-induced contraction. Menthol could also inhibit electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced spike contraction. However, it alone had a minimal effect on the basal tension of trachea as the concentration increased. We concluded that the degree of drug-induced tracheal contraction or relaxation was dose-dependent. In addition, this study indicated that high concentrations of menthol might actually inhibit Parasympathetic Function of the trachea.
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benzydamine oral spray inhibiting Parasympathetic Function of tracheal smooth muscle
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, 2015Co-Authors: Hsing-won Wang, Pin Zhir Chao, Fei Peng Lee, Jia Yi WangAbstract:Methods. We examined the effectiveness of benzydamine on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle. The following assessments of benzydamine were performed: effect on tracheal smooth muscle resting tension; effect on contraction caused by 10 -6 M methacholine as a Parasympathetic mimetic; and effect of the drug on electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. Results. Addition of methacholine to the incubation medium caused the trachea to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of benzydamine at doses of 10 -5 M or above elicited a significant relaxation response to 10 -6 M methacholine-induced contraction. Benzydamine could inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike contraction. It alone had a minimal effect on the basal tension of trachea as the concentration increased. Conclusion. This study indicated that high concentrations of benzydamine might actually inhibit Parasympathetic Function of the trachea. Benzydamine might reduce asthma attacks in oral mucositis patients because it could inhibit Parasympathetic Function and reduce methacholine-induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle.
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Evaluation of Thioperamide Effects Using Rat's Trachea Model
Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2013Co-Authors: Feng-hsiang Chiu, Hsing-won WangAbstract:ObjectivesThioperamide is used as an antagonist to the histamine H3 receptor. During administration of the drug, the trachea may be affected via nasal or oral inhalation. This study was to determine the effects of thioperamide on the trachea of rats in vitro.MethodsWe tested the effectiveness of thioperamide on isolated rat trachea submersed in Kreb's solution in a muscle bath. Changes in tracheal contractility in response to the application of Parasympathetic mimetic agents were measured. The following assessments of thioperamide were performed: 1) effect on tracheal smooth muscle resting tension; 2) effect on contraction caused by 10-6 M methacholine as a Parasympathetic mimetic; 3) effect of the drug on electrically-induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions.ResultsThioperamide induced a significant relaxation response at a preparation concentration up to 10-4 M. The drug also inhibited the electrical field stimulation induced spike contraction. However, thioperamide alone had a minimal effect on the basal tension of the trachea at increasing concentrations.ConclusionThe study indicated that high concentrations of thioperamide might actually antagonize cholinergic receptors and block Parasympathetic Function of the trachea
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azelastine nasal spray inhibiting Parasympathetic Function of tracheal smooth muscle
Rhinology, 2010Co-Authors: Hsing-won Wang, Ying Liang Chou, Yueng Hsiang ChuAbstract:Background Azelastine hydrochloride is a histamine receptor-1 (H(1)) antagonist with anti-inflammatory properties that is available in the United States as Astelin Nasal Spray for rhinitis patients who are suffering from sneezing and rhinorrhea. The effect of H(1) antagonists on nasal mucosa in vivo is well known; however, the effect of the drug on tracheal smooth muscle has rarely been explored. During administration via oral intake or inhalation of the H(1) antagonist for nasal symptoms, it might affect the trachea. Methods We examined the effectiveness of azelastine on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by testing: 1) the effect on tracheal smooth muscle resting tension; 2) the effect on contraction caused by 10(-6) M methacholine as a Parasympathetic mimetic; and 3) the effect on electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. Results The results indicated that addition of methacholine to the incubation medium caused the trachea to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of azelastine at doses of 10(-5) M or above elicited a significant relaxation response to 10(-6) M methacholine-induced contraction. Azelastine could inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike contraction. It alone had a minimal effect on the basal tension of trachea as the concentration increased. Conclusions This study indicated that high concentrations of azelastine might actually inhibit Parasympathetic Function of the trachea. Azelastine might reduce asthma attacks in rhinitis patients because it could inhibit Parasympathetic Function and reduce methacholine-induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle.
Stephanie J Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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loneliness and telomere length immune and Parasympathetic Function in associations with accelerated aging
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Stephanie J Wilson, Alex Woody, Avelina C Padin, Jue Lin, William B Malarkey, Janice K KiecoltglaserAbstract:Background Lonely people's heightened risks for chronic health conditions and early mortality may emerge in part through cellular aging. Lonelier people have more severe sympathetic responses to acute stress, increasing their risk for herpesvirus reactivation, a possible path to shorter telomeres. Parasympathetic Function may modulate this risk. Purpose The current study aimed to examine the associations among loneliness, herpesvirus reactivation, and telomere length, with Parasympathetic activity as a moderator, in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Methods A sample of 113 healthy men and women of ages 40-85 provided blood samples that were assayed for telomere length, as well as the latent herpesviruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). They also provided heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of Parasympathetic activity, and reported on their feelings of loneliness. Results Lonelier people with lower HRV (i.e., lower Parasympathetic activity) had greater CMV reactivation and shorter telomeres compared with their less lonely counterparts, above and beyond demographics, health behaviors, resting heart rate, and social network size. However, loneliness was not associated with viral reactivation or telomere length among those with higher HRV. In turn, greater CMV and EBV reactivation was associated with shorter telomeres. Conclusions Taken together, these data implicate Parasympathetic Function in novel links between loneliness and accelerated cellular aging.
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abstract 3133 loneliness and telomere length immune and Parasympathetic Function in a pathway to accelerated aging
Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2019Co-Authors: Stephanie J Wilson, Alex Woody, Avelina C Padin, Jue Lin, William B Malarkey, Janice K KiecoltglaserAbstract:Lonely people’s heightened risks for chronic health conditions and early mortality may emerge in part through cellular aging. Lonelier people have more severe responses to acute stress, increasing their risk for herpesvirus reactivation, a possible path to shorter telomeres. Lower Parasympathetic activity may modulate this risk. To examine the associations among loneliness, Parasympathetic activity, herpesvirus reactivation, and telomere length, 113 healthy men and women ages 40–85 provided blood samples that were assayed for telomere length, as well as the latent herpesviruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). They also provided heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of Parasympathetic activity, and reported on their feelings of loneliness. Lonelier people with lower HRV (i.e., lower Parasympathetic activity) had greater CMV reactivation and shorter telomeres compared to their less lonely counterparts, above and beyond demographics, health behaviors, resting heart rate, and social network size. However, loneliness was not associated with viral reactivation or telomere shortening among those with higher HRV. In turn, greater CMV and EBV reactivation was associated with shorter telomeres. Taken together, these data implicate Parasympathetic Function in a novel route through which loneliness may accelerate cellular aging and hasten mortality.
Christina Brock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiac vagal tone a non invasive measure of Parasympathetic tone is a clinically relevant tool in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Diabetic Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Christina Brock, Birgitte Brock, Poul Erik Jakobsen, Niels Christian Jessen, Sam Riahi, Torben Hansen, Jukka Rantanen, Yoanna Krasimirova DimitrovaAbstract:Aims To compare a novel index of Parasympathetic tone, cardiac vagal tone, with established autonomic variables and to test the hypotheses that (1) cardiac vagal tone would be associated with established time and frequency domain measures of heart rate and (2) cardiac vagal tone would be lower in people with Type 1 diabetes than in a matched healthy cohort and lower still in people with established neuropathy. Methods Cardiac vagal tone is a validated cardiometrically derived index of Parasympathetic tone. It is measured using a standard three-lead electrocardiogram which connects, via Bluetooth, to a smartphone application. A 5-min resting recording of cardiac vagal tone was undertaken and observational comparisons were made between 42 people with Type 1 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy and 23 without peripheral neuropathy and 65 healthy people. In those with neuropathy, 24-h heart rate variability values were compared with cardiac vagal tone. Correlations between cardiac vagal tone and clinical variables were also made. Results Cardiac vagal tone was lower in people with established neuropathy and Type 1 diabetes in comparison with healthy participants [median (interquartile range) linear vagal scale 3.4 (1.6–5.5 vs 7.0 (5.5–9.6); P<0.0001]. Cardiac vagal tone was positively associated with time (r=0.8, P<0.0001) and frequency domain markers of heart rate variability (r=0.75, P<0.0001), representing established measures of Parasympathetic Function. Cardiac vagal tone was negatively associated with age (r=–0.32, P=0.003), disease duration (r=–0.43, P<0.0001) and cardiovascular risk score (r=–0.32, P=0.006). Conclusions Cardiac vagal tone represents a convenient, clinically relevant method, potentially facilitating the earlier identification of people with Type 1 diabetes who should undergo formal autonomic Function testing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Stuart D Katz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition with pyridostigmine on cardiac Parasympathetic Function in sedentary adults and trained athletes
American Journal of Physiology-heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas A Dewland, Ana Silvia Androne, Forrester A Lee, Rachel Lampert, Stuart D KatzAbstract:Heart rate variability and postexercise heart rate recovery are used to assess cardiac Parasympathetic tone in human studies, but in some cases these indexes appear to yield discordant information. We utilized pyridostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that selectively augments the Parasympathetic efferent signal, to further characterize Parasympathetic regulation of rest and postexercise heart rate. We measured time- and frequency-domain indexes of resting heart rate variability and postexercise heart rate recovery in 10 sedentary adults and 10 aerobically trained athletes after a single oral dose of pyridostigmine (30 mg) and matching placebo in randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. In sedentary adults, pyridostigmine decreased resting heart rate [from 66.7 (SD 12.6) to 58.1 beats/min (SD 7.6), P = 0.005 vs. placebo] and increased postexercise heart rate recovery at 1 min [from 40.7 (SD 10.9) to 45.1 beats/min (SD 8.8), P = 0.02 vs. placebo]. In trained athletes, pyridostigmine did not change resting heart rate or postexercise heart rate recovery when compared with placebo. Time- and frequency-domain indexes of resting heart rate variability did not differ after pyridostigmine versus placebo in either cohort and were not significantly associated with postexercise heart rate recovery in either cohort. The divergent effects of pyridostigmine on resting and postexercise measures of cardiac Parasympathetic Function in sedentary subjects confirm that these measures characterize distinct aspects of cardiac Parasympathetic regulation. The lesser effect of pyridostigmine on either measure of cardiac Parasympathetic tone in the trained athletes indicates that the enhanced Parasympathetic tone associated with exercise training is at least partially attributable to adaptations in the efferent Parasympathetic pathway.
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effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition with pyridostigmine on cardiac Parasympathetic Function in sedentary adults and trained athletes
American Journal of Physiology-heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas A Dewland, Ana Silvia Androne, Rachel Lampert, Stuart D KatzAbstract:Heart rate variability and postexercise heart rate recovery are used to assess cardiac Parasympathetic tone in human studies, but in some cases these indexes appear to yield discordant information....
