Paravirtualization

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Hakim Weatherspoon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • x containers breaking down barriers to improve performance and isolation of cloud native containers
    Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 2019
    Co-Authors: Zhiming Shen, Zhen Sun, Gureyal Sela, Eugene Bagdasaryan, Christina Delimitrou, Robbert Van Renesse, Hakim Weatherspoon
    Abstract:

    "Cloud-native" container platforms, such as Kubernetes, have become an integral part of production cloud environments. One of the principles in designing cloud-native applications is called Single Concern Principle, which suggests that each container should handle a single responsibility well. In this paper, we propose X-Containers as a new security paradigm for isolating single-concerned cloud-native containers. Each container is run with a Library OS (LibOS) that supports multi-processing for concurrency and compatibility. A minimal exokernel ensures strong isolation with small kernel attack surface. We show an implementation of the X-Containers architecture that leverages Xen Paravirtualization (PV) to turn Linux kernel into a LibOS. Doing so results in a highly efficient LibOS platform that does not require hardware-assisted virtualization, improves inter-container isolation, and supports binary compatibility and multi-processing. By eliminating some security barriers such as seccomp and Meltdown patch, X-Containers have up to 27X higher raw system call throughput compared to Docker containers, while also achieving competitive or superior performance on various benchmarks compared to recent container platforms such as Google's gVisor and Intel's Clear Containers.

  • Software Defining System Devices with the ‘Banana ’ Double-Split Driver Model
    2015
    Co-Authors: Dan Williams, Hani Jamjoom, Hakim Weatherspoon
    Abstract:

    This paper introduces a software defined device driver layer that enables new ways of wiring devices within and across cloud environments. It builds on the split driver model, which is used in Paravirtualization (e.g., Xen) to multiplex hardware devices across all VMs. In our ap-proach, called the Banana Double-Split Driver Model, the back-end portion of the driver is resplit and rewired such that it can be connected to a different back-end driver on another hypervisor. Hypervisors supporting Banana cooperate with each other to (1) expose a con-sistent interface to rewire the back-end drivers, (2) al-low different types of connections (e.g., tunnels, RDMA, etc.) to coexist and be hot-swapped to optimize for place-ment, proximity, and hardware, and (3) migrate back-end connections between hypervisors to maintain con-nectivity irrespective of physical location. We have im-plemented an early prototype of Banana for network devices. We show how network devices can be split, rewired, and live migrated across cloud providers with as low as 1.4 sec of downtime, while fully maintaining the logical topology between application components.

  • Plug into the Supercloud
    2015
    Co-Authors: Dan Williams, Hani Jamjoom, Hakim Weatherspoon
    Abstract:

    Cloud computing is often compared to the power utility model as part of a trend towards the commoditization of computing resources. However, today’s cloud providers do not simply supply raw computing resources as a commodity, but also act as distributors, dictating cloud services that are not compatible across providers. We propose a new cloud service distribution layer, called a supercloud, that is com-pletely decoupled from the cloud provider. Leveraging a nested Paravirtualization layer called the Xen-Blanket, the supercloud maintains the control necessary to implement hypervisor-level services and management. Using the Xen-Blanket to transform various cloud provider services into a unified offering, we have deployed a supercloud across Amazon’s EC2, an enterprise cloud, and Cornell Univer-sity, and performed live VM migration between the different sites. Furthermore, superclouds create opportunities to ex-ploit resource management techniques that providers do not expose, like resource oversubscription, and ultimately can reduce costs for users

  • software defining system devices with the banana double split driver model
    IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Dan Williams, Hani Jamjoom, Hakim Weatherspoon
    Abstract:

    This paper introduces a software defined device driver layer that enables new ways of wiring devices within and across cloud environments. It builds on the split driver model, which is used in Paravirtualization (e.g., Xen) to multiplex hardware devices across all VMs. In our approach, called the Banana Double-Split Driver Model, the back-end portion of the driver is resplit and rewired such that it can be connected to a different back-end driver on another hypervisor. Hypervisors supporting Banana cooperate with each other to (1) expose a consistent interface to rewire the back-end drivers, (2) allow different types of connections (e.g., tunnels, RDMA, etc.) to coexist and be hot-swapped to optimize for placement, proximity, and hardware, and (3) migrate backend connections between hypervisors to maintain connectivity irrespective of physical location. We have implemented an early prototype of Banana for network devices. We show how network devices can be split, rewired, and live migrated across cloud providers with as low as 1.4 sec of downtime, while fully maintaining the logical topology between application components.

Lamia Youseff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • memory-intensive linear algebra software
    2012
    Co-Authors: Lamia Youseff, Keith Seymour, Jack Dongarra, Rich Wolski, Haihang You, Dmitrii Zagorodnov
    Abstract:

    Paravirtualization effect on single- and multi-threade

  • Inter-OS Communication on Highly Parallel Multi-Core Architectures
    2010
    Co-Authors: Lamia Youseff, Dmitrii Zagorodnov, Rich Wolski
    Abstract:

    Abstract. The next generation of large-scale machines for scientific computing will consist of a large number of nodes, each supporting many-core and multicore processor configurations. On one hand, to extract performance from such machines, the operating system will have to be streamlined. On the other hand, the heterogeneity of these machines – i.e., the variety of communication channels and computing elements – will demand a larger set of OS services to achieve scalability. We believe that high-performance OS Paravirtualization techniques, where different light-weight OS instances cooperate to provide the different OS services, can resolve this conflict. Current research in Paravirtualization aims to isolate OS instances for performance guarantees and security; in a high-performance computing setting, however, thread synchronization and inter-core communication within an application require that the memory is shared and coordinated to meet the application needs. In this paper, we present an approach to enabling efficient memory sharing and synchronization across OS instances running on a multi-core machine. Our performance evaluation shows that this approach allows native execution speeds in a paravirtualized setting, along with communication latencies that are lower than under any existing inter-OS communication mechanism.

  • Categories and Subject Descriptors
    2009
    Co-Authors: Lamia Youseff, Keith Seymour, Jack Dongarra, Rich Wolski, Haihang You
    Abstract:

    Previous studies have revealed that Paravirtualization imposes minimal performance overhead on High Performance Computing (HPC) workloads, while exposing numerous benefits for this field. In this study, we are investigating the memory hierarchy characteristics of paravirtualized systems and their impact on automatically-tuned software systems. We are presenting an accurate characterization of memory attributes using hardware counters and user-process accounting. For that, we examine the proficiency of ATLAS, a quintessential example of an autotuning software system, in tuning the BLAS library routines for paravirtualized systems. In addition, we examine the effects of Paravirtualization on the performance boundary. Our results show that the combination of ATLAS and Xen Paravirtualization delivers native execution performance and nearly identical memory hierarchy performance profiles. Our research thus exposes new benefits to memory-intensive applications arising from the ability to slim down the guest OS without influencing the system performance. In addition, our findings support a novel and very attractive deployment scenari

  • the impact of paravirtualized memory hierarchy on linear algebra computational kernels and software
    High Performance Distributed Computing, 2008
    Co-Authors: Lamia Youseff, Keith Seymour, Jack Dongarra, Rich Wolski
    Abstract:

    Previous studies have revealed that Paravirtualization imposes minimal performance overhead on High Performance Computing (HPC) workloads, while exposing numerous benefits for this field. In this study, we are investigating the memory hierarchy characteristics of paravirtualized systems and their impact on automatically-tuned software systems. We are presenting an accurate characterization of memory attributes using hardware counters and user-process accounting. For that, we examine the proficiency of ATLAS, a quintessential example of an autotuning software system, in tuning the BLAS library routines for paravirtualized systems. In addition, we examine the effects of Paravirtualization on the performance boundary. Our results show that the combination of ATLAS and Xen Paravirtualization delivers native execution performance and nearly identical memory hierarchy performance profiles. Our research thus exposes new benefits to memory-intensive applications arising from the ability to slim down the guest OS without influencing the system performance. In addition, our findings support a novel and very attractive deployment scenario for computational science and engineering codes on virtual clusters and computational clouds.

  • Paravirtualization for HPC Systems
    Springer, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lamia Youseff, Rich Wolski, Brent Gorda, Chandra Krintz
    Abstract:

    In this work, we investigate the efficacy of using paravirtualizing software for performance-critical HPC kernels and applications. We present a comprehensive performance evaluation of Xen, a low-overhead, Linux-based, virtual machine monitor, for Paravirtualization of HPC cluster systems at LLNL. We investigate subsystem and overall performance using a wide range of benchmarks and applications. We employ statistically sound methods to compare the performance of a paravirtualized kernel against three Linux operating systems: RedHat Enterprise 4 for build versions 2.6.9 and 2.6.12 and the LLNL CHAOS kernel. Our results indicate that Xen is very efficient and practical for HPC systems

Gahara Ahda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Analisi Pengujian Daya Komputasi Melalui Pendekatan Metode Full Virtualization Dan Paravirtualization
    2014
    Co-Authors: Gahara Ahda
    Abstract:

    Prosesor komputer terus mengalami peningkatan kemampuan komputasi, namun seringkali peningkatan tersebut belum diiringi pemberian beban proses yang maksimal untuk mendayagunakan seluruh kemampuan prosesor. Tidak maksimalnya kemampuan komputasi mengakibatkan potensi idle yang besar pada prosesor sehingga berdampak pada inefisiensi konsumsi daya listrik. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan memfungsikan sebuah komputer sebagai server virtualisasi dengan metode full virtualization dan Paravirtualization. Melalui pendekatan metode tersebut, akan dilakukan uji perbandingan kemampuan komputasi berikut daya listrik yang dibutuhkan oleh 2 komputer dengan prosesor Intel Core i3-2120 dan Intel Core i3-3240 dalam memproses beban yang dijalankan lewat penggunaan komputer secara konvensional (tanpa virtualisasi) maupun ketika difungsikan sebagai server virtualisasi lewat KVM dan XEN. Dari pengukuran cpu usage, diperoleh hasil bahwa cpu usage pada prosesor Intel Core i3-2120 relatif lebih kecil daripada Intel Core i3-3240. Pada parameter memory usage, jumlah penggunaan memory usage oleh Intel Core i3-2120 relatif lebih kecil jika dibandingkan Intel Core i3-3240 saat penggunaan KVM dengan 2 mesin virtual. Dan sebaliknya, memory usage pada Intel Core i3-2120 cenderung lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan Intel Core i3-3240 pada saat penggunaan XEN dengan 2 mesin virtual. Pada pengukuran kemampuan komputasi, Intel Core i3-2120 memiliki rata-rata kemampuan tertinggi komputasi sebesar 40.1866 GFlops, sedangkan Intel Core i3- 3240 memiliki rata-rata kemampuan tertinggi komputasi sebesar 44.3253 GFlops. Pada pengujian daya listrik dimulai dari metode konvensional, penggunaan KVM, dan XEN maka Intel Core i3-2120 membutuhkan daya listrik tertinggi sebesar 0.042525 KW, 0.03839 KW, dan 0.041501 KW sedangkan Intel Core i3-3240 membutuhkan daya listrik tertinggi sebesar 0.044217 KW, 0.036256 KW, dan 0.04161KW

Davide Rebeccani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Learning Computer Networking on Open Paravirtual Laboratories
    2014
    Co-Authors: Marco Anisetti, A Colombo, Marco Cremonini, Ernesto Damiani, Fulvio Frati, Joel T Hounsou, Valerio Bell, Davide Rebeccani
    Abstract:

    Abstract—Learning practical information communication tech-nology skills such as network configuration and security planning requires hands-on experience with a number of different devices which may be unavailable or too costly to provide, especially for institutions under tight budget constraints. This paper describes how a specific open software technology, Paravirtualization, can be used to set up open source virtual networking labs (VNLs) easily and at virtually no cost. The paper highlights how paravirtual labs can be adopted jointly by partner organizations, e.g., when the in-stitution hosting the virtual lab provides hands-on training and students ’ skill evaluation as a service to partner institutions over-seas. A practical VNL implementation, the open virtual lab (OVL), is used to describe the added value that open source VNLs can give to e-Learning frameworks, achieving a level of students ’ perfor-mance comparable or better than the one obtained when students directly interact with physical networking equipment. Index Terms—e-Learning, open source, virtual lab, virtualiza-tion

  • learning computer networking on open paravirtual laboratories
    IEEE Transactions on Education, 2007
    Co-Authors: Marco Anisetti, Valerio Bellandi, A Colombo, Marco Cremonini, Ernesto Damiani, Fulvio Frati, Joel T Hounsou, Davide Rebeccani
    Abstract:

    Learning practical information communication technology skills such as network configuration and security planning requires hands-on experience with a number of different devices which may be unavailable or too costly to provide, especially for institutions under tight budget constraints. This paper describes how a specific open software technology, Paravirtualization, can be used to set up open source virtual networking labs (VNLs) easily and at virtually no cost. The paper highlights how paravirtual labs can be adopted jointly by partner organizations, e.g., when the institution hosting the virtual lab provides hands-on training and students' skill evaluation as a service to partner institutions overseas. A practical VNL implementation, the open virtual lab (OVL), is used to describe the added value that open source VNLs can give to e-Learning frameworks, achieving a level of students' performance comparable or better than the one obtained when students directly interact with physical networking equipment.

Adharul Muttaqin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • analisis pengujian daya komputasi melalui pendekatan metode full virtualization dan Paravirtualization
    Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Elektro Universitas Brawijaya, 2014
    Co-Authors: Hadi Suyono, Ahda Gahara, Adharul Muttaqin
    Abstract:

    Abstrak --ami penasi, namunbelum diirinaksimal untukpuan prosespuan komputang besarpak pada iSalah satu sdengan memfserver virtuation dan patan metode tdingan kematrik yang dibprosesor Int-3240 dalamkan lewat penional (tanpakan sebagaian XEN.ngujian dihauntuk tiapr Intel Coreasi berkisara metode konr Intel Coreiap satuan kasi berkisara metode konKata kuncualization, koI.I. INTRODasa ini teknkembangan yermasuk peraa adalahsi prosesor yapoint per secomun peningkseringkalian beban kimalkan kemamenghasilkan nr harus dipekal.GUJIAN DLL VIRTUAurusan Teknmbimbing : AdProsesor koningkatanseringkalingi pemberiak mendayagusor. Tidaktasi mengakipada proseinefisiensi ksolusi untukfungsikan sebualisasi dengaparavirtualizatersebut, akanmpuan kombutuhkan oletel Core i3-2m memprosenggunaan kovirtualisasi)i server virasilkan bahwsatuan kome i3-2120 d0,25 - 1,3nvensional. Ki3-3240, penkomputasi d0,98 – 1,1nvensional.ci -- fullmputasi, dayDUCTIONologi informyang pesatangkat kompupeningkatanang diukur dalond).atan kemampbelum dikinerja yangampuannya. Pnilai komputakerjakan hingAYA KOMALIZATIOAnik Elektro, Fdharul Muttaomputer terkemampui peningkatn beban prosunakan selurmaksimalnibatkan potenesor sehingkonsumsi dak mengatasinbuah komputan metode fation. Melan dilakukanmputasi berikeh 2 komput2120 dan Ines beban yaomputer secamaupun ketitualisasi lewwa penggunamputasi padengan metoW lebih besKemudian panggunaan dadengan metoW lebih besvirtualizatioya listrik.masi mengaladari waktuuter. Salah san kemampulam satuan flopuan komputiiringi dengg tepat untPadahal idealnasi yang tinggga kemampu1MPUTASI MON DAN PAAhda GaharFakultas Teknaqin ST., MTrusuantansesruhnyansiggaayanyaterfullaluiujikutterntelangaraikawataanadaodesaradaayaodesaron,

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