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Preben Bo Mortensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comprehensive assessment of Parental Age and psychiatric disorders
JAMA Psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo Mortensen, John J Mcgrath, Liselotte Petersen, Ole MorsAbstract:Importance There has been recent interest in the findings that the offspring of older fathers have an increased risk of both de novo mutations and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the offspring of younger parents are also at risk for some adverse mental health outcomes. Objective To determine the association between maternal and paternal Age and a comprehensive range of mental health disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants A comprehensive, population-based record linkAge study using the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2011. A total of 2 894 688 persons born in Denmark from January 1, 1955, through December 31, 2006, were followed up during the study period. Exposures Maternal and paternal Age at the time of offspring’s birth. Main Outcomes and Measures We examined a broad range of International Classification of Diseases –defined mental disorders, including substance use; schizophrenia and related disorders; mood disorders; neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders; eating disorders; specific personality disorders; and a range of developmental and childhood disorders. The incidence rate ratios for each mental disorder outcome were estimated by log linear Poisson regression with adjustments for the calendar period, Age, sex, and Age of the other parent. Results The cohort was observed for 42.7 million person-years, during which 218 441 members of the cohort had their first psychiatric contact for any psychiatric disorder. Based on the overall risk of psychiatric disorders, the offspring of younger and older parents were at increased risk compared with those of parents Aged 25 to 29 years. When the offspring were examined for particular disorders, the nature of the relationship changed. For example, the offspring of older fathers were at an increased risk of schizophrenia and related disorders, mental retardation, and autism spectrum disorders. In contrast, the offspring of young mothers (and to a lesser extent young fathers) were at an increased risk for substance use disorders, hyperkinetic disorders, and mental retardation. Conclusions and Relevance The offspring of younger mothers and older fathers are at risk for different mental health disorders. These differences can provide clues to the complex risk architecture underpinning the association between Parental Age and the mental health of offspring.
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effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism a nationwide register based study
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Marlene Briciet Lauritsen, Carsten Bocker Pedersen, Preben Bo MortensenAbstract:Background: The etiology of autism is unknown. A strong genetic component has been detected but non-genetic factors may also be involved in the etiology. Methods: We used data from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and the Danish Civil Registration System to study some risk factors of autism, including place of birth, Parental place of birth, Parental Age, family history of psychiatric disorders, and paternal identity. Results: A total of 943,664 children younger than ten years were followed from 1994 to 2001; of those, 818 children developed autism. The highest risks of autism were found in siblings of children with autism, or Asperger‘s syndrome and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), with relative risks of 22 and 13, respectively. The relative risk of autism in the child was about twice as high if the mother had been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. The risk of autism was associated with increasing degree of urbanisation of the child’s place of birth and with increasing paternal, but not maternal, Age. An increased relative risk of 1.4 was found if the mother was born outside Europe, and in children of parents who were born in different countries. Conclusions: The highest risk of autism was found in families with a history of autism, or Asperger‘s syndrome and other PDDs in siblings, supporting the commonly accepted knowledge that genetic factors are involved in the etiology of autism. Keywords: Autism, Asperger’s syndrome, PDD, family history, risk factors, place of birth, maternal Age, paternal Age, Parental Age, psychiatric disorders, immigrants. Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterised by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication, and stereotyped repetitive behaviour. In order to fulfil the diagnostic criteria of childhood autism, the symptoms must be apparent before three years of Age. In contrast, when symptoms are present after the Age of three, or impairments in all three areas of behaviour are lacking, the criteria of atypical autism are fulfilled
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Parental Age and risk of schizophrenia a case control study
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Majella Byrne, Esben Agerbo, H Ewald, William W Eaton, Preben Bo MortensenAbstract:Background Advanced paternal Age has been suggested as a possible risk factor for schizophrenia. It is not known whether this is explained by known risk factors for schizophrenia, including sibship characteristics, death of a parent before first hospital admission, season and place of birth, and family history of psychiatric illness, or by socioeconomic factors. We investigated the risk of schizophrenia associated with Parental Age, adjusting for known risk factors for schizophrenia, including family psychiatric history, and controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Methods We performed a national population, nested, case-control study based on Danish longitudinal register data. The sample included 7704 patients with an ICD-8 or ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia admitted to a psychiatric facility between 1981 and 1998 in Denmark, and 192 590 individually time-, Age-, and sex-matched population controls, their parents, and siblings. The risk of schizophrenia associated with increasing Parental Age was investigated using conditional logistic regression and controlling for family socioeconomic and demographic factors and family psychiatric history. Results Advanced paternal and maternal Age was associated with increased risk of schizophrenia in univariate analyses. Controlling for socioeconomic factors and family psychiatric history, increased risk of schizophrenia was identified in those with a paternal Age of 50 years or older. Sex-specific analyses revealed that the risk of schizophrenia was increased for males with fathers 55 years or older (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-3.28); for females, the risk associated with paternal Age was substantial for fathers Aged 50 to 54 years (IRR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.44-3.44) and 55 years or older (IRR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.82-6.83). Conclusion Increased risk of schizophrenia was associated with advanced paternal Age, particularly in females, lending support to the theory that de novo mutations, possibly X-linked, associated with increased Parental Age might be responsible for some cases of schizophrenia.
Mark F. Haussmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the environmental and genetic determinants of chick telomere length in tree swallows tachycineta bicolor
Ecology and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Amos Belmaker, David W Winkler, Kelly Kristen Hallinger, Rebecca A. Glynn, Mark F. HaussmannAbstract:: Conditions during early life can have dramatic effects on adult characteristics and fitness. However, we still know little about the mechanisms that mediate these relationships. Telomere shortening is one possibility. Telomeres are long sequences of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes. They shorten naturally throughout an individual's life, and individuals with short telomeres tend to have poorer health and reduced survival. Given this connection between telomere length (TL) and fitness, natural selection should favor individuals that are able to retain longer telomeres for a greater portion of their lives. However, the ability of natural selection to act on TL depends on the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence TL. In this study, we experimentally enlarged broods of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) to test the effects of demanding early-life conditions on TL, while simultaneously cross-fostering chicks to estimate heritable genetic influences on TL. In addition, we estimated the effects of Parental Age and chick sex on chick TL. We found that TL is highly heritable in Tree Swallow chicks, and that the maternal genetic basis for TL is stronger than is the paternal genetic basis. In contrast, the experimental manipulation of brood size had only a weak effect on chick TL, suggesting that the role of environmental factors in influencing TL early in life is limited. There was no effect of chick sex or Parental Age on chick TL. While these results are consistent with those reported in some studies, they are in conflict with others. These disparate conclusions might be attributable to the inherent complexity of telomere dynamics playing out differently in different populations or to study-specific variation in the Age at which subjects were measured.
R. Stein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidemiological survey of 214 families with bladder exstrophy epispadias complex
The Journal of Urology, 2008Co-Authors: Lisa Gambhir, T Holler, Gunter E Schott, Hannes Vogt, Birte Detlefsen, Annekaroline Ebert, S Beaudoin, Margit Fisch, Martin Muller, R. SteinAbstract:Purpose: We sought to identify causative nongenetic and genetic risk factors for the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex.Materials and Methods: A total of 237 families with the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex were invited to participate in the study, and information was obtained from 214 families, mainly from European countries.Results: Two families showed familial occurrence. Male predominance was found among all subgroups comprising epispadias, classic bladder exstrophy and cloacal exstrophy, with male-to-female ratios of 1.4:1, 2.8:1 and 2.0:1, respectively (p = 0.001). No association with Parental Age, maternal reproductive history or periconceptional maternal exposure to alcohol, drugs, chemical noxae, radiation or infections was found. However, periconceptional maternal exposure to smoking was significantly more common in patients with cloacal exstrophy than in the combined group of patients with epispadias/classic bladder exstrophy (p = 0.009). Only 16.8% of mothers followed the current recom...
Esben Agerbo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comprehensive assessment of Parental Age and psychiatric disorders
JAMA Psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo Mortensen, John J Mcgrath, Liselotte Petersen, Ole MorsAbstract:Importance There has been recent interest in the findings that the offspring of older fathers have an increased risk of both de novo mutations and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the offspring of younger parents are also at risk for some adverse mental health outcomes. Objective To determine the association between maternal and paternal Age and a comprehensive range of mental health disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants A comprehensive, population-based record linkAge study using the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2011. A total of 2 894 688 persons born in Denmark from January 1, 1955, through December 31, 2006, were followed up during the study period. Exposures Maternal and paternal Age at the time of offspring’s birth. Main Outcomes and Measures We examined a broad range of International Classification of Diseases –defined mental disorders, including substance use; schizophrenia and related disorders; mood disorders; neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders; eating disorders; specific personality disorders; and a range of developmental and childhood disorders. The incidence rate ratios for each mental disorder outcome were estimated by log linear Poisson regression with adjustments for the calendar period, Age, sex, and Age of the other parent. Results The cohort was observed for 42.7 million person-years, during which 218 441 members of the cohort had their first psychiatric contact for any psychiatric disorder. Based on the overall risk of psychiatric disorders, the offspring of younger and older parents were at increased risk compared with those of parents Aged 25 to 29 years. When the offspring were examined for particular disorders, the nature of the relationship changed. For example, the offspring of older fathers were at an increased risk of schizophrenia and related disorders, mental retardation, and autism spectrum disorders. In contrast, the offspring of young mothers (and to a lesser extent young fathers) were at an increased risk for substance use disorders, hyperkinetic disorders, and mental retardation. Conclusions and Relevance The offspring of younger mothers and older fathers are at risk for different mental health disorders. These differences can provide clues to the complex risk architecture underpinning the association between Parental Age and the mental health of offspring.
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Parental Age and risk of schizophrenia a case control study
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Majella Byrne, Esben Agerbo, H Ewald, William W Eaton, Preben Bo MortensenAbstract:Background Advanced paternal Age has been suggested as a possible risk factor for schizophrenia. It is not known whether this is explained by known risk factors for schizophrenia, including sibship characteristics, death of a parent before first hospital admission, season and place of birth, and family history of psychiatric illness, or by socioeconomic factors. We investigated the risk of schizophrenia associated with Parental Age, adjusting for known risk factors for schizophrenia, including family psychiatric history, and controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Methods We performed a national population, nested, case-control study based on Danish longitudinal register data. The sample included 7704 patients with an ICD-8 or ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia admitted to a psychiatric facility between 1981 and 1998 in Denmark, and 192 590 individually time-, Age-, and sex-matched population controls, their parents, and siblings. The risk of schizophrenia associated with increasing Parental Age was investigated using conditional logistic regression and controlling for family socioeconomic and demographic factors and family psychiatric history. Results Advanced paternal and maternal Age was associated with increased risk of schizophrenia in univariate analyses. Controlling for socioeconomic factors and family psychiatric history, increased risk of schizophrenia was identified in those with a paternal Age of 50 years or older. Sex-specific analyses revealed that the risk of schizophrenia was increased for males with fathers 55 years or older (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-3.28); for females, the risk associated with paternal Age was substantial for fathers Aged 50 to 54 years (IRR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.44-3.44) and 55 years or older (IRR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.82-6.83). Conclusion Increased risk of schizophrenia was associated with advanced paternal Age, particularly in females, lending support to the theory that de novo mutations, possibly X-linked, associated with increased Parental Age might be responsible for some cases of schizophrenia.
Laura A Schieve - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advanced Parental Age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2009Co-Authors: Maureen S Durkin, Matthew J Maenner, Craig J Newschaffer, Christopher Cunniff, Julie L Daniels, Russell S Kirby, Lewis Leavitt, Lisa Miller, Walter Zahorodny, Laura A SchieveAbstract:Previous studies suggest that autism may be more common in the offspring of older parents. There is also a positive association between birth order, Parental Age, and autism, and a number of reports have shown firstborn children to be at increased risk. The aim of this prospective population-based cohort study was to determine whether advancing maternal and paternal Ages were each independent risk factors for the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a large, population-based cohort of US children. Data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, a group of 10 participating centers, which monitored 253,347 live births and had complete information from birth certificates on Parental Age, birth order, and other variables. The study group was comprised of 1251 children Aged 8 years from this birth cohort who met the criteria for an ASD set forth in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Following multivariable analysis to control for the other parent's Age, birth order, and other covariables, maternal and paternal Ages were each independently associated with autism: the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for maternal Age ≥35 versus 25 to 29 years was 1.3, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.1 to 1.6; the aOR for paternal Age ≥40 years versus 25 to 29 years was 1.4, with a 95% CI of 1.1 to 1.8. There was a 3-fold greater likelihood of autism among firstborn offspring of 2 older parents compared to third- or later-born offspring of mothers Aged 20 to 34 years and fathers Aged <40 years (aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.0-4.7). The investigators believe that this study is the most compelling evidence to date that the risk of ASD is associated with increases of both maternal and paternal Age and decreases with birth order.
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advanced Parental Age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008Co-Authors: Maureen S Durkin, Matthew J Maenner, Craig J Newschaffer, Christopher Cunniff, Julie L Daniels, Russell S Kirby, Lewis Leavitt, Lisa Miller, Walter Zahorodny, Laura A SchieveAbstract:This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal Age on risk of autism spectrum disorder. A case-cohort design was implemented using data from 10 US study sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The 1994 birth cohort included 253,347 study-site births with complete Parental Age information. Cases included 1,251 children Aged 8 years with complete Parental Age information from the same birth cohort and identified as having an autism spectrum disorder based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria. After adjustment for the other parent’s Age, birth order, maternal education, and other covariates, both maternal and paternal Age were independently associated with autism (adjusted odds ratio for maternal Age � 35 vs. 25–29 years ¼ 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.6; adjusted odds ratio for paternal Age � 40 years vs. 25–29 years ¼ 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.8). Firstborn offspring of 2 older parents were 3 times more likely to develop autism than were third- or later-born offspring of mothers Aged 20–34 years and fathers Aged <40 years (odds ratio ¼ 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 4.7). The increase in autism risk with both maternal and paternal Age has potential implications for public health planning and investigations of autism etiology. autistic disorder; birth order; maternal Age; paternal Age
