Parturition

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Jeffrey F Keown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • heritability of intramammary infections at first Parturition and relationships with sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score udder type traits productive life and protein yield
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2003
    Co-Authors: D L Nash, G L Hargrove, J B Cooper, G W Rogers, Jeffrey F Keown
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among daughter intramammary infections at first Parturition and sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score, udder type traits, productive life, and protein yield. Quarter milk samples from 958 daughters (in eight Pennsylvania herds and one Nebraska herd) of 182 Holstein sires were collected within a few days of first calving and cultured to determine intramammary infection status. A total of 446 cows had intramammary infections in 835 quarters at first Parturition. Incidence of intramammary infections at first Parturition and the proportion of quarters infected per cow were regressed on age at first calving, days in milk at sample collection, herd-season of calving (a classification variable), and sire transmitting abilities taken one at a time. Linear effects, non-linear effects, and odds ratios were estimated for sire transmitting abilities. Separate, preplanned analyses were conducted on data from one herd that gave all heifers an intramammary antibiotic infusion in each quarter 30 d prior to the expected calving date. Separate analyses were also conducted on dependent variables that considered intramammary infections at first Parturition from: all organisms, coagulase-negative staphylococci, coliform species, streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, and the most common environmental organisms (coliform species and streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae). Daughters of sires that transmit the lowest somatic cell score had the fewest intramammary infections at first Parturition. Daughters of sires that transmit longer productive life, shorter teats, and closely spaced front teats had fewer intramammary infections at first Parturition. Selection for lower somatic cell score, longer productive life, shorter teats, or closely spaced front teats may reduce the incidence of intramammary infections at first Parturition.

Helene Quesnel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • relationships between colostrum production by primiparous sows and sow physiology around Parturition
    Journal of Animal Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: A Foisnet, Helene Quesnel, C. Farmer, C. David
    Abstract:

    : Relationships between hormonal and metabolic changes around Parturition and colostrum yield and composition were investigated in 16 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows. Blood samples were taken daily from d 105 of pregnancy to d 2 postpartum (with d 0 being the day of Parturition). Colostrum samples were taken at the onset of Parturition (T0), and then 3, 6, and 24 h later (T3, T6, and T24, respectively). Colostrum yield was calculated from the beginning of Parturition until 24 h later by adding colostrum intake of individual piglets, which was estimated from their BW gain. Colostrum yield averaged 3.22 +/- 0.34 kg. Four sows had very low colostrum production (1.10 +/- 0.12 kg; n = 4), whereas the others produced between 2.83 and 4.64 kg of colostrum (3.93 +/- 0.16 kg; n = 12). Compared with the high-colostrum-producing sows, the low-colostrum-producing sows tended (P 0.1) was found between IgG concentrations in colostrum at any time and prolactin, estradiol-17beta, progesterone, or cortisol. In conclusion, sows that produced a low yield of colostrum were characterized by a leaky mammary epithelium and reduced synthesis of lactose, related to delayed hormonal changes before Parturition.

D L Nash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • heritability of intramammary infections at first Parturition and relationships with sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score udder type traits productive life and protein yield
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2003
    Co-Authors: D L Nash, G L Hargrove, J B Cooper, G W Rogers, Jeffrey F Keown
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among daughter intramammary infections at first Parturition and sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score, udder type traits, productive life, and protein yield. Quarter milk samples from 958 daughters (in eight Pennsylvania herds and one Nebraska herd) of 182 Holstein sires were collected within a few days of first calving and cultured to determine intramammary infection status. A total of 446 cows had intramammary infections in 835 quarters at first Parturition. Incidence of intramammary infections at first Parturition and the proportion of quarters infected per cow were regressed on age at first calving, days in milk at sample collection, herd-season of calving (a classification variable), and sire transmitting abilities taken one at a time. Linear effects, non-linear effects, and odds ratios were estimated for sire transmitting abilities. Separate, preplanned analyses were conducted on data from one herd that gave all heifers an intramammary antibiotic infusion in each quarter 30 d prior to the expected calving date. Separate analyses were also conducted on dependent variables that considered intramammary infections at first Parturition from: all organisms, coagulase-negative staphylococci, coliform species, streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, and the most common environmental organisms (coliform species and streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae). Daughters of sires that transmit the lowest somatic cell score had the fewest intramammary infections at first Parturition. Daughters of sires that transmit longer productive life, shorter teats, and closely spaced front teats had fewer intramammary infections at first Parturition. Selection for lower somatic cell score, longer productive life, shorter teats, or closely spaced front teats may reduce the incidence of intramammary infections at first Parturition.

Jean Clobert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • timing of locomotor impairment and shift in thermal preferences during gravidity in a viviparous lizard
    Functional Ecology, 2003
    Co-Authors: J Le F Galliard, Le M Bris, Jean Clobert
    Abstract:

    Summary 1Locomotor impairment and shift in thermal preferences during gestation have been documented in some lizards, but few studies have investigated their timing. Here, endurance capacity, sprint speed and selected body temperature of gravid females of the viviparous lizard Lacerta vivipara (Jacquin) were measured weekly before and after Parturition. 2Significant temporal variation of endurance and sprint speed was detected. A marked decrease in locomotor abilities occurred 2 weeks before Parturition (c. 35% for endurance and 25% for sprint speed). A rapid recovery was observed a few days after Parturition for endurance, while sprint speed recovered more slowly. 3A physical impairment due to body mass was detected for endurance capacity, but not for sprint speed. The recovery of locomotor abilities after Parturition was independent of the intensity of reproductive investment. Mass-independent variation in locomotor performances might be explained by physiological consequences of reproduction independent of the physical burden. 4Females basking under laboratory conditions selected low body temperatures during the final month of gestation (29·8 °C ± 0·12 SE) and a drastic increase occurred in the few days following Parturition (33·4 °C ± 0·13 SE). 5These results call for a more detailed investigation of the mechanisms underlying trade-offs between reproduction, locomotion and thermoregulation in lizards.

A Foisnet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • relationships between colostrum production by primiparous sows and sow physiology around Parturition
    Journal of Animal Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: A Foisnet, Helene Quesnel, C. Farmer, C. David
    Abstract:

    : Relationships between hormonal and metabolic changes around Parturition and colostrum yield and composition were investigated in 16 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows. Blood samples were taken daily from d 105 of pregnancy to d 2 postpartum (with d 0 being the day of Parturition). Colostrum samples were taken at the onset of Parturition (T0), and then 3, 6, and 24 h later (T3, T6, and T24, respectively). Colostrum yield was calculated from the beginning of Parturition until 24 h later by adding colostrum intake of individual piglets, which was estimated from their BW gain. Colostrum yield averaged 3.22 +/- 0.34 kg. Four sows had very low colostrum production (1.10 +/- 0.12 kg; n = 4), whereas the others produced between 2.83 and 4.64 kg of colostrum (3.93 +/- 0.16 kg; n = 12). Compared with the high-colostrum-producing sows, the low-colostrum-producing sows tended (P 0.1) was found between IgG concentrations in colostrum at any time and prolactin, estradiol-17beta, progesterone, or cortisol. In conclusion, sows that produced a low yield of colostrum were characterized by a leaky mammary epithelium and reduced synthesis of lactose, related to delayed hormonal changes before Parturition.