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Robert J. Yancey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jeffrey L Watts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

S.a. Salmon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Joshua Fierer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pasteurella multocida epiglottitis
    Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 1997
    Co-Authors: Nelar Wine, Yenny Lim, Joshua Fierer
    Abstract:

    Pasteurella multocida , a small gram-negative coccobacillus, colonizes the nasopharynx and gastrointestinal tract of many animals, including cats and dogs. Most human infections with P multocida are due to animal bites, but the respiratory tract is the second most common site of infection. We describe the third case report (to our knowledge) of acute P multocida epiglottitis. The mode of transmission in this case was inhalation of infectious nasopharyngeal secretions from cats. The patient responded well to treatment with penicillin, the drug of choice for P multocida infections. Therefore, infection with P multocida , though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any case involving acute epiglottitis and exposure to cats. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;123:759-761

Kerin L Tyrrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ceftaroline versus isolates from animal bite wounds comparative in vitro activities against 243 isolates including 156 Pasteurella species isolates
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ellie J C Goldstein, Vreni C Merriam, Diane M Citron, Kerin L Tyrrell
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT More than 5 million Americans are bitten by animals, usually dogs, annually. Bite patients comprise ∼1% of all patients who visit emergency departments (300,000/year), and approximately 10,000 require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Ceftaroline is the bioactive component of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, which is FDA approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), including those containing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There are no in vitro data about the activity of ceftaroline against Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida and Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica, other Pasteurella spp., or other bite wound isolates. We therefore studied the in vitro activity of ceftaroline against 243 animal bite isolates. MICs were determined using the broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Comparator drugs included cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ertapenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, azithromycin, doxycycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP). Ceftaroline was the most active agent against all 5 Pasteurella species, including P. multocida subsp. multocida and P. multocida subsp. septica, with a maximum MIC of ≤0.008 μg/ml; more active than ceftriaxone and ertapenem (MIC 90 s, ≤0.015 μg/ml); and more active than cefazolin (MIC 90 , 0.5 μg/ml) doxycycline (MIC 90 , 0.125 μg/ml), azithromycin (MIC 90 , 0.5 μg/ml), ampicillin-sulbactam (MIC 90 , 0.125 μg/ml), and SMX-TMP (MIC 90 , 0.125 μg/ml). Ceftaroline was also very active against all S. aureus isolates (MIC 90 , 0.125 μg/ml) and other Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, with a maximum MIC of 0.125 μg/ml against all bite isolates tested. Ceftaroline has potential clinical utility against infections involving P. multocida, other Pasteurella species, and aerobic Gram-positive isolates, including S. aureus.

  • comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem and 11 other antimicrobial agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue animal and human bite wound infections
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001
    Co-Authors: E J C Goldstein, Vreni C Merriam, Yumi A Warren, Kerin L Tyrrell, Helen T Fernandez
    Abstract:

    We studied the comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem, a new carbapenem, against 240 aerobic and 180 anaerobic recent clinical bite isolates using an agar dilution method and an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/spot for aerobes and 10(5) cfu/spot for anaerobes. Ertapenem inhibited 410/420 (98%) of the isolates tested at < or = 4 mg/L with only 4/5 Campylobacter gracilis and 1/3 Campylobacter rectus strains requiring . or = 16 mg/L for inhibition. Ertapenem was only moderately active (MIC 8 mg/L) against 4/6 Enterococcus faecalis and 1/11 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. All Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella septica, Pasteurella canis, Pasteurella dagmatis, Moraxella spp. and EF-4 isolates were inhibited at < or = 0.015 mg/L. MIC(90)s for other aerobic genera and species were as follows: Corynebacterium spp., 4 mg/L; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.25 mg/L; Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 mg/L; other coagulasenegative staphylococci, 0.25 mg/L; Streptococcus milleri group, 0.5 mg/L; Eikenella corrodens, 0.03 mg/L; and Bergeyella zoohelcum, 0.5 mg/L. For anaerobes the range of MICs and MIC(90)s were: Prevotella ssp., < or = 0.015-0.5, 0.125 mg/L; Porphyromonas spp., < or = 0.015-0.03, 0.015 mg/L; Fusobacterium spp., 0.015-0.125, 0.03 mg/L; Bacteroides tectum, 0.03-0.125, 0.125 mg/L; and Peptostreptococcus spp., 0.01-2, 1 mg/L. Ertapenem showed excellent potency against the full range of animal and human bite wound pathogens.

  • comparative in vitro activities of abt 773 against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue animal and human bite wound infections
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000
    Co-Authors: C V Merriam, Yumi A Warren, Kerin L Tyrrell
    Abstract:

    We studied the comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773, a new ketolide, against 268 aerobic and 148 anaerobic recent isolates from clinical bites using an agar dilution method and inocula of 104 CFU/spot for aerobes and 105 CFU for anaerobes. The following are the MIC ranges and MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) of ABT-773 for various isolates, respectively: Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella septica, 0.125 to 2 and 1 μg/ml; other Pasteurella species, 0.125 to 1 and 0.5 μg/ml; Corynebacterium spp., 0.015 to 0.06 and 0.015 μg/ml; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.03 to 0.06 and 0.06 μg/ml; coagulase-negative staphylococci, 0.015 to >32 and 32 μg/ml; streptococci, 0.015 to 0.03 and 0.03 μg/ml; Eikenella corrodens, 0.25 to 1 and 1 μg/ml; and Bergeyella zoohelcum, 0.03 to 0.25 and 0.06 μg/ml. For anaerobes the MIC ranges and MIC90s of ABT-773 were as follows, respectively: Prevotella heparinolytica, 0.06 to 0.125 and 0.125 μg/ml; Prevotella spp., 0.015 to 0.125 and 0.06 μg/ml; Porphyromonas spp., 0.015 to 0.03 and 0.015 μg/ml; Fusobacterium nucleatum, 0.5 to 8 and 8 μg/ml; other Fusobacterium spp., 0.015 to 8 and 0.5 μg/ml; Bacteroides tectum, 0.015 to 0.5 and 0.06 μg/ml; and Peptostreptococcus spp., 0.015 to 0.25 and 0.03 μg/ml. ABT-773 was more active than all macrolides tested against S. aureus, E. corrodens, and anaerobes, but all compounds were poorly active against F. nucleatum. The activity of ABT-773 was within 1 dilution of that of azithromycin against Pasteurella spp., and ABT-773 was four- to eightfold more active than clarithromycin against Pasteurella spp. ABT-773 may offer a therapeutic alternative for bite wound infections.