Respiratory Disease

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 284097 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

John Brownlie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • detection of canine pneumovirus in dogs with canine infectious Respiratory Disease
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Judy A Mitchell, Edward J. Dubovi, J M Cardwell, Randall W Renshaw, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    Canine pneumovirus (CnPnV) was recently identified during a retrospective survey of kenneled dogs in the United States. In this study, archived samples from pet and kenneled dogs in the United Kingdom were screened for CnPnV to explore the relationship between exposure to CnPnV and the development of canine infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD). Within the pet dog population, CnPnV-seropositive dogs were detected throughout the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, with an overall estimated seroprevalence of 50% (n = 314/625 dogs). In the kennel population, there was a significant increase in seroprevalence, from 26% (n = 56/215 dogs) on the day of entry to 93.5% (n = 201/215 dogs) after 21 days (P <0001). Dogs that were seronegative on entry but seroconverted while in the kennel were 4 times more likely to develop severe Respiratory Disease than those that did not seroconvert (P < 0.001), and dogs with preexisting antibodies to CnPnV on the day of entry were significantly less likely to develop Respiratory Disease than immunologically naive dogs (P < 0.001). CnPnV was detected in the tracheal tissues of 29/205 kenneled dogs. Detection was most frequent in dogs with mild to moderate Respiratory signs and histopathological changes and in dogs housed for 8 to 14 days, which coincided with a significant increase in the risk of developing Respiratory Disease compared to the risk of those housed 1 to 7 days (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that CnPnV is present in the United Kingdom dog population; there is a strong association between exposure to CnPnV and CIRD in the kennel studied and a potential benefit in vaccinating against CnPnV as part of a wider Disease prevention strategy.

  • canine Respiratory coronavirus an emerging pathogen in the canine infectious Respiratory Disease complex
    Veterinary Clinics of North America-small Animal Practice, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kerstin Erles, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    Infectious Respiratory Disease in dogs is a constant challenge because of the involvement of several pathogens and environmental factors. Canine Respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is a new coronavirus of dogs, which is widespread in North America, Japan, and several European countries. CRCoV has been associated with Respiratory Disease, particularly in kenneled dog populations. The virus is genetically and antigenically distinct from enteric canine coronavirus; therefore, specific tests are required for diagnosis.

  • mycoplasmas associated with canine infectious Respiratory Disease
    Microbiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Victoria Jane Chalker, Harriet W Brooks, Andrew N Rycroft, Wanda M A Owen, Caren Paterson, Emily Barker, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    Canine infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD) is a complex infection that occurs worldwide predominantly in kennelled dogs, and several bacterial and viral micro-organisms have been associated with outbreaks of CIRD. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the species of mycoplasma present in healthy dogs and those with CIRD. As part of an extensive study investigating the micro-organisms involved in CIRD, the species of mycoplasma present throughout the Respiratory tract of dogs with and without CIRD were determined. Mycoplasmas were cultured from tonsillar, tracheal and bronchial lavage samples, and identified to the species level by PCR and sequencing. Mycoplasma cynos was demonstrated on the ciliated tracheal epithelium by in situ hybridization and was the only mollicute found to be associated with CIRD, but only in the lower Respiratory tract. Isolation of M. cynos was correlated with an increased severity of CIRD, younger age and a longer time in the kennel.

  • longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious Respiratory Disease
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kerstin Erles, Harriet W Brooks, Edward J. Dubovi, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    In this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. Despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), Respiratory Disease was endemic. Tissue samples from the Respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. The development of PCR assays for the detection of CPIV, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (CHV) is described. Surprisingly, canine adenovirus was not detected in samples from this population, whereas 19.4% of tracheal and 10.4% of lung samples were positive for CPIV and 12.8% of tracheal and 9.6% of lung samples were positive for CHV. As reported previously, a novel canine Respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) was detected in this population (K. Erles, C. Toomey, H. W. Brooks, and J. Brownlie, Virology 310:216-223, 2003). Infections with CRCoV occurred mostly during the first week of a dog's stay at the kennel, whereas CPIV and CHV were detected at later time points. Furthermore, the evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to CPIV and an immunofluorescence assay for detection of antibodies to CHV is described. This study shows that CPIV is present at kennels despite vaccination. In addition, other agents such as CHV and CRCoV may play a role in the pathogenesis of canine Respiratory Disease, whereas CAV-2 and canine distemper virus were not present in this population, indicating that their prevalence in the United Kingdom is low due to widespread vaccination of dogs.

  • the association of streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus with canine infectious Respiratory Disease
    Veterinary Microbiology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Victoria J Chalker, Harriet W Brooks, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    Canine infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD) is a multi-factorial infection that affects many kennelled dogs despite the wide use of vaccination. Current vaccines aim to protect against viral agents and a single bacterial agent, Bordetella bronchiseptica. We sought to examine the role of streptococcal species in CIRD. The isolation and identification of streptococci in the lower Respiratory tract of clinically healthy dogs and those with CIRD were used to correlate the presence of specific streptococcal species with Respiratory Disease. In this study we report that the presence of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus is associated with increasing severity of Disease in a population of kennelled dogs with endemic CIRD.

C Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a mixed treatment comparison meta analysis of antibiotic treatments for bovine Respiratory Disease
    Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2013
    Co-Authors: Annette M Oconnor, Johann F Coetzee, Natalia Da Silva, C Wang
    Abstract:

    In this publication we use mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of antibiotic treatments for bovine Respiratory Disease in beef cattle. Studies were eligible for the meta-analysis if they were publically available and reported the assessment of antibiotic protocols registered for use in the United States (US) for bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) in beef cattle and were conducted in North America. Three electronic databases, the proceedings of two bovine specific conferences, pharmaceutical company web sites and the US Food and Drug Administration website were searched to identify relevant trials. The network of evidence used in the analysis contained 194 trial arms from 93 trials. Of the 93 trials there were 8 with three arms. The network of evidence contained information for 12 antibiotics. The output from the analysis provided information about the risk ratio comparing all possible treatments for BRD including comparisons based only on indirect data. The output also included a relative ranking of the treatments and estimates of the probability that an antibiotic protocol was the worst treatment option.

Kerstin Erles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • canine Respiratory coronavirus an emerging pathogen in the canine infectious Respiratory Disease complex
    Veterinary Clinics of North America-small Animal Practice, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kerstin Erles, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    Infectious Respiratory Disease in dogs is a constant challenge because of the involvement of several pathogens and environmental factors. Canine Respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is a new coronavirus of dogs, which is widespread in North America, Japan, and several European countries. CRCoV has been associated with Respiratory Disease, particularly in kenneled dog populations. The virus is genetically and antigenically distinct from enteric canine coronavirus; therefore, specific tests are required for diagnosis.

  • longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious Respiratory Disease
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kerstin Erles, Harriet W Brooks, Edward J. Dubovi, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    In this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. Despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), Respiratory Disease was endemic. Tissue samples from the Respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. The development of PCR assays for the detection of CPIV, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (CHV) is described. Surprisingly, canine adenovirus was not detected in samples from this population, whereas 19.4% of tracheal and 10.4% of lung samples were positive for CPIV and 12.8% of tracheal and 9.6% of lung samples were positive for CHV. As reported previously, a novel canine Respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) was detected in this population (K. Erles, C. Toomey, H. W. Brooks, and J. Brownlie, Virology 310:216-223, 2003). Infections with CRCoV occurred mostly during the first week of a dog's stay at the kennel, whereas CPIV and CHV were detected at later time points. Furthermore, the evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to CPIV and an immunofluorescence assay for detection of antibodies to CHV is described. This study shows that CPIV is present at kennels despite vaccination. In addition, other agents such as CHV and CRCoV may play a role in the pathogenesis of canine Respiratory Disease, whereas CAV-2 and canine distemper virus were not present in this population, indicating that their prevalence in the United Kingdom is low due to widespread vaccination of dogs.

  • detection of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs with canine infectious Respiratory Disease
    Virology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kerstin Erles, Harriet W Brooks, Crista Toomey, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    Abstract An investigation into the causes of canine infectious Respiratory Disease was carried out in a large rehoming kennel. Tissue samples taken from the Respiratory tract of Diseased dogs were tested for the presence of coronaviruses using RT–PCR with conserved primers for the polymerase gene. Sequence analysis of four positive samples showed the presence of a coronavirus with high similarity to both bovine and human coronavirus (strain OC43) in their polymerase and spike genes, whereas there was a low similarity to comparable genes in the enteric canine coronavirus. This canine Respiratory coronavirus (CRCV) was detected by RT–PCR in 32/119 tracheal and 20/119 lung samples, with the highest prevalence being detected in dogs with mild clinical symptoms. Serological analysis showed that the presence of antibodies against CRCV on the day of entry into the kennel decreased the risk of developing Respiratory Disease.

Ken Osaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cohort study on laryngeal cough reflex Respiratory Disease and death a mediation analysis
    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2019
    Co-Authors: Takafumi Yamamoto, Toru Tsuboya, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Tatsuo Yamamoto, Jun Aida, Katsunori Kondo, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Keiichi Sasaki, Ken Osaka
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective To estimate quantitatively whether the presence of cough associated with dysphagia (laryngeal cough reflex) increased mortality through Respiratory Disease among community-dwelling older Japanese. Design A 6-year follow-up prospective cohort study (from 2010 to 2017). Setting Thirteen municipalities in Japan. Participants Community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older (N = 32,682). Measures The baseline survey was conducted through self-reported questionnaire. Exposure was experience of laryngeal cough reflex while drinking. The outcome was all-cause mortality. All covariates were selected from demographic, socioeconomic variables, baseline health and functional status, smoking, alcohol drinking, number of remaining teeth, and stroke. The mediator variable was Respiratory Disease. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality. Parametric mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of laryngeal cough reflex on the mean residual time to death mediated through Respiratory Disease. Results Among the 32,682 participants (mean age = 74.1 years, standard deviation = 5.9 years), 5550 (17.0%) experienced laryngeal cough reflex at baseline. A total of 4037 deaths occurred. Crude mortality rates of the participants with or without laryngeal cough reflex were 16.3% and 11.6%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, laryngeal cough reflex [HR = 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02 to 1.19] and Respiratory Disease (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.62 to 2.00) were associated with mortality. The mediation analysis showed that Respiratory Disease significantly (P  Conclusions/Implications Laryngeal cough reflex was a prevalent condition, and it was associated with all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. Clinicians could contribute to reduce mortality risk by addressing swallowing function problems using their interprofessional collaboration team (speech-language pathologist, dentist, rehabilitation doctor, otolaryngologist, Respiratory physician, and gerontologist).

  • cohort study on laryngeal cough reflex Respiratory Disease and death a mediation analysis
    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2019
    Co-Authors: Takafumi Yamamoto, Toru Tsuboya, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Tatsuo Yamamoto, Jun Aida, Katsunori Kondo, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Keiichi Sasaki, Ken Osaka
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective To estimate quantitatively whether the presence of cough associated with dysphagia (laryngeal cough reflex) increased mortality through Respiratory Disease among community-dwelling older Japanese. Design A 6-year follow-up prospective cohort study (from 2010 to 2017). Setting Thirteen municipalities in Japan. Participants Community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older (N = 32,682). Measures The baseline survey was conducted through self-reported questionnaire. Exposure was experience of laryngeal cough reflex while drinking. The outcome was all-cause mortality. All covariates were selected from demographic, socioeconomic variables, baseline health and functional status, smoking, alcohol drinking, number of remaining teeth, and stroke. The mediator variable was Respiratory Disease. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality. Parametric mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of laryngeal cough reflex on the mean residual time to death mediated through Respiratory Disease. Results Among the 32,682 participants (mean age = 74.1 years, standard deviation = 5.9 years), 5550 (17.0%) experienced laryngeal cough reflex at baseline. A total of 4037 deaths occurred. Crude mortality rates of the participants with or without laryngeal cough reflex were 16.3% and 11.6%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, laryngeal cough reflex [HR = 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02 to 1.19] and Respiratory Disease (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.62 to 2.00) were associated with mortality. The mediation analysis showed that Respiratory Disease significantly (P  Conclusions/Implications Laryngeal cough reflex was a prevalent condition, and it was associated with all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. Clinicians could contribute to reduce mortality risk by addressing swallowing function problems using their interprofessional collaboration team (speech-language pathologist, dentist, rehabilitation doctor, otolaryngologist, Respiratory physician, and gerontologist).

Edward J. Dubovi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Respiratory Disease in ball pythons (Python regius) experimentally infected with ball python nidovirus.
    Virology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Laura L. Hoon-hanks, Marylee L. Layton, Robert J. Ossiboff, John S. L. Parker, Edward J. Dubovi, Mark D. Stenglein
    Abstract:

    Abstract Circumstantial evidence has linked a new group of nidoviruses with Respiratory Disease in pythons, lizards, and cattle. We conducted experimental infections in ball pythons (Python regius) to test the hypothesis that ball python nidovirus (BPNV) infection results in Respiratory Disease. Three ball pythons were inoculated orally and intratracheally with cell culture isolated BPNV and two were sham inoculated. Antemortem choanal, oroesophageal, and cloacal swabs and postmortem tissues of infected snakes were positive for viral RNA, protein, and infectious virus by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blot and virus isolation. Clinical signs included oral mucosal reddening, abundant mucus secretions, open-mouthed breathing, and anorexia. Histologic lesions included chronic-active mucinous rhinitis, stomatitis, tracheitis, esophagitis and proliferative interstitial pneumonia. Control snakes remained negative and free of clinical signs throughout the experiment. Our findings establish a causal relationship between nidovirus infection and Respiratory Disease in ball pythons and shed light on Disease progression and transmission.

  • detection of canine pneumovirus in dogs with canine infectious Respiratory Disease
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Judy A Mitchell, Edward J. Dubovi, J M Cardwell, Randall W Renshaw, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    Canine pneumovirus (CnPnV) was recently identified during a retrospective survey of kenneled dogs in the United States. In this study, archived samples from pet and kenneled dogs in the United Kingdom were screened for CnPnV to explore the relationship between exposure to CnPnV and the development of canine infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD). Within the pet dog population, CnPnV-seropositive dogs were detected throughout the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, with an overall estimated seroprevalence of 50% (n = 314/625 dogs). In the kennel population, there was a significant increase in seroprevalence, from 26% (n = 56/215 dogs) on the day of entry to 93.5% (n = 201/215 dogs) after 21 days (P <0001). Dogs that were seronegative on entry but seroconverted while in the kennel were 4 times more likely to develop severe Respiratory Disease than those that did not seroconvert (P < 0.001), and dogs with preexisting antibodies to CnPnV on the day of entry were significantly less likely to develop Respiratory Disease than immunologically naive dogs (P < 0.001). CnPnV was detected in the tracheal tissues of 29/205 kenneled dogs. Detection was most frequent in dogs with mild to moderate Respiratory signs and histopathological changes and in dogs housed for 8 to 14 days, which coincided with a significant increase in the risk of developing Respiratory Disease compared to the risk of those housed 1 to 7 days (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that CnPnV is present in the United Kingdom dog population; there is a strong association between exposure to CnPnV and CIRD in the kennel studied and a potential benefit in vaccinating against CnPnV as part of a wider Disease prevention strategy.

  • longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious Respiratory Disease
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kerstin Erles, Harriet W Brooks, Edward J. Dubovi, John Brownlie
    Abstract:

    In this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. Despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), Respiratory Disease was endemic. Tissue samples from the Respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. The development of PCR assays for the detection of CPIV, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (CHV) is described. Surprisingly, canine adenovirus was not detected in samples from this population, whereas 19.4% of tracheal and 10.4% of lung samples were positive for CPIV and 12.8% of tracheal and 9.6% of lung samples were positive for CHV. As reported previously, a novel canine Respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) was detected in this population (K. Erles, C. Toomey, H. W. Brooks, and J. Brownlie, Virology 310:216-223, 2003). Infections with CRCoV occurred mostly during the first week of a dog's stay at the kennel, whereas CPIV and CHV were detected at later time points. Furthermore, the evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to CPIV and an immunofluorescence assay for detection of antibodies to CHV is described. This study shows that CPIV is present at kennels despite vaccination. In addition, other agents such as CHV and CRCoV may play a role in the pathogenesis of canine Respiratory Disease, whereas CAV-2 and canine distemper virus were not present in this population, indicating that their prevalence in the United Kingdom is low due to widespread vaccination of dogs.