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Guido Cipriani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Paternal Inheritance of chloroplast dna and maternal Inheritance of mitochondrial dna in the genus actinidia
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1997Co-Authors: Raffaele Testolin, Guido CiprianiAbstract:PCR amplification of four chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions followed by restriction of the amplified products was used to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms in 21 Actinidia taxa. Subsequently, the mode of organelle Inheritance was investigated in both interspecific and intraspecific controlled crosses made between genotypes showing different cpDNA and/or mtDNA haplotypes. Fifty-six seedlings produced from three interspecific crosses, including in one case the pseudo reciprocal (different genotypes of the same species used as opposite parents), were checked for cpDNA Inheritance, and 102 seedlings from the same interspecific crosses and 32 seedlings from two intraspecific crosses within the species A. deliciosa were checked for mtDNA Inheritance. In all cases, cpDNA was inherited from the father and mtDNA was inherited from the mother. Maternal Inheritance of mtDNA was expected, being the rule in plants, but A. deliciosa is the first genus in angiosperms for which a widespread and strictly Paternal Inheritance of cpDNA has been reported. Transmission of chloroplastic and mitochondrial genomes through opposite parents provides an exceptional opportunity for studying the Paternal and maternal genetic lineages of species in the genus Actinidia.
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Paternal Inheritance of plastids in interspecific hybrids of the genus Actinidia revealed by PCR-amplification of chloroplast DNA fragments.
Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 1995Co-Authors: Guido Cipriani, Raffaele Testolin, Michele MorganteAbstract:RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) -amplified fragments were used to trace the pattern of plastid DNA Inheritance in the genus Actinidia. A total of 51 progeny originating from interspecific crosses between three A. arguta cultivars and A. deliciosa, the kiwifruit, and 12 progeny originating from the cross between A. kolomikta and A. chinensis were analysed together with their parents. No reciprocal crosses could be tested since they all failed to set viable seeds. Attempts to rescue immature embryos failed in all cases as well. The A. argutaXA. deliciosa crosses were checked for the RFLP patterns of a sequence encoding part of the Rubisco large subunit (rbcL), using either AluI or MseI, and for a sequence encoding part of the photosystem II D1 protein (psbA), using HinfI. The A. kolomiktaXA. chinensis cross was checked for the RFLP patterns of sequences encoding the spacers between trnT and the 5'-trnL exon (a-b spacer DNA) and the trnL 3' exon and trnF (e-f spacer DNA), respectively. The first spacer revealed a natural polymorphism between the two parent species due to a large deletion occurring in A. kolomikta detectable without further restriction enzyme treatment. The e-f spacer DNA was digested with HinfI. The comparison of the RFLP patterns in the parents and their progeny showed a strictly Paternal Inheritance of chloroplast DNA in Actinidia, with no exception found in any of the crosses examined. As the reciprocal crosses were not available, we do not know whether Paternal Inheritance of plastids is restricted to the crosses we analysed or if this is the general rule for plastid Inheritance in the genus Actinidia. Actinidia is dioecious and is the first purely outbreeding species for which a Paternal plastid Inheritance has so far been documented.
Konstantin Khrapko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quasi mendelian Paternal Inheritance of mitochondrial dna a notorious artifact or anticipated behavior
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019Co-Authors: Sofia Annis, Zoe Fleischmann, Mark Khrapko, Melissa Franco, Kevin Wasko, Dori C Woods, Wolfram S Kunz, Peter J I Ellis, Konstantin KhrapkoAbstract:A recent report (1) presents the long-awaited confirmation of Paternal Inheritance of mtDNA in humans (2). Surprisingly, Paternal transmission of mtDNA (1) follows a bimodal pattern: About half of the offspring show fairly uniform Paternal/maternal heteroplasmy levels, while the rest do not inherit Paternal mtDNA at all. This pattern resembles the Inheritance of a dominant nuclear gene. The authors explain this pattern as permissive Inheritance resulting from a faulty “gatekeeper” gene (1). However, 3 groups (3⇓–5) instead suspect contamination with mtDNA nuclear pseudogenes (NUMTs), a notorious artifact (6). Based on our vast NUMT experience, we support the authors’ response (7), asserting that NUMT artifact is unlikely (further explanation is given in Supporting Notes [SN] sections SN1 and SN2, see ref. 8). However, we also demonstrate that the authors’ dominant gatekeeper explanation is incorrect, because spermatozoa are functionally diploid (SN3) … [↵][1]2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: p.j.i.ellis{at}kent.ac.uk or kkhrapko{at}gmail.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
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quasi mendelian Paternal Inheritance of mitochondrial dna a notorious artifact or anticipated mtdna behavior
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Sofia Annis, Zoe Fleischmann, Mark Khrapko, Melissa Franco, Kevin Wasko, Dori C Woods, Wolfram S Kunz, Peter J I Ellis, Konstantin KhrapkoAbstract:A recent report by Luo et al (2018) in PNAS (DOI:10.1073/pnas.1810946115) presented evidence of biparental Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. The pattern of Inheritance, however, resembled that of a nuclear gene. The authors explained this peculiarity with Mendelian segregation of a faulty gatekeeper gene that permits survival of Paternal mtDNA in the oocyte. Three other groups (Vissing, 2019; Lutz-Bonengel and Parson, 2019; Salas et al, 2019), however, posited the observation was an artifact of Inheritance of mtDNA nuclear pseudogenes (NUMTs), present in the father9s nuclear genome. We present justification that both interpretations are incorrect, but that the original authors did, in fact, observe biparental Inheritance of mtDNA. Our alternative model assumes that because of initially low Paternal mtDNA copy number these copies are randomly partitioned into nascent cell lineages. The Paternal mtDNA haplotype must have a selective advantage, so "seeded" cells will tend to proceed to fixation of the Paternal haplotype in the course of development. We use modeling to emulate the dynamics of Paternal genomes and predict their mode of Inheritance and distribution in somatic tissue. The resulting offspring is a mosaic of cells that are purely maternal or purely Paternal -- including in the germline. This mosaicism explains the quasi-Mendelian segregation of the Paternal mDNA. Our model is based on known aspects of mtDNA biology and explains all of the experimental observations outlined in Luo et. al., including maternal Inheritance of the grand-Paternal mtDNA.
W. C. Knowler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Type 2 diabetes and low birth weight: the role of Paternal Inheritance in the association of low birth weight and diabetes.
Diabetes, 2000Co-Authors: Robert Lindsay, Dana Dabelea, Janine Roumain, Robert L. Hanson, P. H. Bennett, W. C. KnowlerAbstract:Lower birth weight is associated with an increased occurrence of type 2 diabetes in later life. Whether this relationship is explained by environmental or genetic factors is unknown. We have examined the potential for genetic influences by determining whether parental diabetes is associated with lower birth weight in 1,608 children of known birth weight and gestational age born between 1941 and 1993 in the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona. The previously described relationships of maternal diabetes to increased birth weight and offspring diabetes were observed. In contrast to this we have determined novel relationships between low birth weight and Paternal diabetes. The offspring of diabetic fathers were, on average, 78 g lighter than the offspring of nondiabetic fathers. For fathers, lower birth weight in their offspring was associated with an increased risk of later diabetes, i.e., fathers of offspring in the lowest quintile of birth weight, who were not diabetic at the time of birth of their child, had a 1.8-fold increased risk of developing diabetes later in life (95% CI 1.2-2.7; P = 0.004). For children, lower birth weight predicted diabetes in the offspring if Paternal but not maternal diabetes was present, but it was not associated with higher plasma glucose if neither parent had diabetes. We conclude that the risk of diabetes associated with low birth weight is strongly related to the development of Paternal diabetes, suggesting a genetic link between lower birth weight and later diabetes.
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the role of Paternal Inheritance in the association of low birth weight and diabetes
2000Co-Authors: Robert S Lindsay, Dana Dabelea, Janine Roumain, Robert L. Hanson, P. H. Bennett, W. C. KnowlerAbstract:Lower birth weight is associated with an increased occurrence of type 2 diabetes in later life. Whether this relationship is explained by environmental or genetic factors is unknown. We have examined the potential for genetic influences by determining whether parental diabetes is associated with lower birth weight in 1,608 children of known birth weight and gestational age born between 1941 and 1993 in the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona. The previously described relationships of maternal diabetes to increased birth weight and offspring diabetes were observed. In contrast to this we have determined novel relationships between low birth weight and Paternal diabetes. The offspring of diabetic fathers were, on average, 78 g lighter than the offspring of nondiabetic fathers. For fathers, lower birth weight in their offspring was associated with an increased risk of later diabetes, i.e., fathers of o ffspring in the lowest quintile of birth weight, who were not diabetic at the time of birth of their child, had a 1.8-fold increased risk of developing diabetes later in life (95% CI 1.2‐2.7; P = 0.004). For children, lower birth weight predicted diabetes in the offspring if Paternal but not maternal diabetes was present, but it was not associated with higher plasma glucose if neither parent had diabetes. We conclude that the risk of diabetes associated with low birth weight is strongly related to the development of Paternal diabetes, suggesting a genetic link between lower birth weight and later diabetes. D i a b e t e s 4 9 :4 4 5‐449, 2000
Raffaele Testolin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Paternal Inheritance of chloroplast dna and maternal Inheritance of mitochondrial dna in the genus actinidia
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1997Co-Authors: Raffaele Testolin, Guido CiprianiAbstract:PCR amplification of four chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions followed by restriction of the amplified products was used to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms in 21 Actinidia taxa. Subsequently, the mode of organelle Inheritance was investigated in both interspecific and intraspecific controlled crosses made between genotypes showing different cpDNA and/or mtDNA haplotypes. Fifty-six seedlings produced from three interspecific crosses, including in one case the pseudo reciprocal (different genotypes of the same species used as opposite parents), were checked for cpDNA Inheritance, and 102 seedlings from the same interspecific crosses and 32 seedlings from two intraspecific crosses within the species A. deliciosa were checked for mtDNA Inheritance. In all cases, cpDNA was inherited from the father and mtDNA was inherited from the mother. Maternal Inheritance of mtDNA was expected, being the rule in plants, but A. deliciosa is the first genus in angiosperms for which a widespread and strictly Paternal Inheritance of cpDNA has been reported. Transmission of chloroplastic and mitochondrial genomes through opposite parents provides an exceptional opportunity for studying the Paternal and maternal genetic lineages of species in the genus Actinidia.
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Paternal Inheritance of plastids in interspecific hybrids of the genus Actinidia revealed by PCR-amplification of chloroplast DNA fragments.
Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 1995Co-Authors: Guido Cipriani, Raffaele Testolin, Michele MorganteAbstract:RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) -amplified fragments were used to trace the pattern of plastid DNA Inheritance in the genus Actinidia. A total of 51 progeny originating from interspecific crosses between three A. arguta cultivars and A. deliciosa, the kiwifruit, and 12 progeny originating from the cross between A. kolomikta and A. chinensis were analysed together with their parents. No reciprocal crosses could be tested since they all failed to set viable seeds. Attempts to rescue immature embryos failed in all cases as well. The A. argutaXA. deliciosa crosses were checked for the RFLP patterns of a sequence encoding part of the Rubisco large subunit (rbcL), using either AluI or MseI, and for a sequence encoding part of the photosystem II D1 protein (psbA), using HinfI. The A. kolomiktaXA. chinensis cross was checked for the RFLP patterns of sequences encoding the spacers between trnT and the 5'-trnL exon (a-b spacer DNA) and the trnL 3' exon and trnF (e-f spacer DNA), respectively. The first spacer revealed a natural polymorphism between the two parent species due to a large deletion occurring in A. kolomikta detectable without further restriction enzyme treatment. The e-f spacer DNA was digested with HinfI. The comparison of the RFLP patterns in the parents and their progeny showed a strictly Paternal Inheritance of chloroplast DNA in Actinidia, with no exception found in any of the crosses examined. As the reciprocal crosses were not available, we do not know whether Paternal Inheritance of plastids is restricted to the crosses we analysed or if this is the general rule for plastid Inheritance in the genus Actinidia. Actinidia is dioecious and is the first purely outbreeding species for which a Paternal plastid Inheritance has so far been documented.
Soichi Nakamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Paternal Inheritance of mitochondria in chlamydomonas
Journal of Plant Research, 2010Co-Authors: Soichi NakamuraAbstract:To analyze mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Inheritance, differences in mtDNA between Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas smithii, respiration deficiency and antibiotic resistance were used to distinguish mtDNA origins. The analyses indicated Paternal Inheritance. However, these experiments raised questions regarding whether Paternal Inheritance occurred normally. Mitochondrial nucleoids were observed in living zygotes from mating until 3 days after mating and then until progeny formation. However, selective disappearance of nucleoids was not observed. Subsequently, experimental serial backcrosses between the two strains demonstrated strict Paternal Inheritance. The fate of mt+ and mt− mtDNA was followed using the differences in mtDNA between the two strains. The slow elimination of mt+ mtDNA through zygote maturation in darkness was observed, and later the disappearance of mt+ mtDNA was observed at the beginning of meiosis. To explain the different fates of mtDNA, methylation status was investigated; however, no methylation was detected. Variously constructed diploid cells showed biparental Inheritance. Thus, when the mating process occurs normally, Paternal Inheritance occurs. Mutations disrupting mtDNA Inheritance have not yet been isolated. Mutations that disrupt maternal Inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) do not disrupt Inheritance of mtDNA. The genes responsible for mtDNA Inheritance are different from those of chloroplasts.
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complete elimination of maternal mitochondrial dna during meiosis resulting in the Paternal Inheritance of the mitochondrial genome in chlamydomonas species
Protoplasma, 2006Co-Authors: H Aoyama, Y Hagiwara, Osami Misumi, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Soichi NakamuraAbstract:The non-Mendelian Inheritance of organellar DNA is common in most plants and animals. In the isogamous green alga Chlamydomonas species, progeny inherit chloroplast genes from the maternal parent, as Paternal chloroplast genes are selectively eliminated in young zygotes. Mitochondrial genes are inherited from the Paternal parent. Analogically, maternal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is thought to be selectively eliminated. Nevertheless, it is unclear when this selective elimination occurs. Here, we examined the behaviors of maternal and Paternal mtDNAs by various methods during the period between the beginning of zygote formation and zoospore formation. First, we observed the behavior of the organelle nucleoids of living cells by specifically staining DNA with the fluorochrome SYBR Green I and staining mitochondria with 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide. We also examined the fate of mtDNA of male and female parental origin by real-time PCR, nested PCR with single zygotes, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The mtDNA of maternal origin was completely eliminated before the first cell nuclear division, probably just before mtDNA synthesis, during meiosis. Therefore, the progeny inherit the remaining Paternal mtDNA. We suggest that the complete elimination of maternal mtDNA during meiosis is the primary cause of Paternal mitochondrial Inheritance.