The Experts below are selected from a list of 231 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Richard R. Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Leading by Example: Supervisor Modeling and Officer-Initiated Activities
    Police Quarterly, 2015
    Co-Authors: Richard R. Johnson
    Abstract:

    The present study examined the effect of field supervisor behavior modeling on Patrol Officer use of unassigned Patrol time. Specifically, the study explored whether field supervisor engagement in proactive stops and checks resulted in an increased frequency of proactive stops and checks among Patrol Officers. Hierarchical analyses of computer-aided dispatch data from two municipal police departments were conducted with 320 shifts and 1,385 individual Patrol Officer tours of duty. After controlling for call for service workload, shift, agency, and Officer demographic characteristics, the findings suggested that when field supervisors engage in proactive investigative activities, the volume of proactive activity by Patrol Officers approximately doubles. The policy implications and limitations of this study are then discussed.

  • Patrol Officer Perceptions of Agency Rewards and Punishments: A Research Note
    Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Richard R. Johnson
    Abstract:

    The theory of operant conditioning is based on the premise that people are motivated to engage in, or refrain from, certain behaviors because of the rewards and punishments they may receive (Honig 1966 ; Skinner 1974 ). While managers within law enforcement agencies frequently use both rewards and punishments to try to guide the behavior of their Officers, little information exists about how police Officers perceive the rewards and punishments they utilize. This study surveyed a sample of Patrol Officers to determine how they ranked the value of several specific rewards, and the severity of several specific punishments. The findings suggested that a hierarchy of rewards and punishments exists in the minds of law enforcement Officers, the ranking seemed to be associated with how they could impact the Officer’s off-duty quality of life, and significant variation existed between Officer responses. Interesting differences were also found by Officer gender, tenure, and education.

  • Explaining Patrol Officer drug arrest activity through expectancy theory
    Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 2009
    Co-Authors: Richard R. Johnson
    Abstract:

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the ability of expectancy motivation theory to explain Patrol Officer drug arrest productivity, with the hope of identifying ways to influence Patrol Officer work outputs.Design/methodology/approach – According to expectancy motivational theory, the individual Patrol Officer's number of drug arrests should be explained by the expectation to make drug arrests, the capability to do so, the opportunity to do so, and the likelihood that these arrests will be rewarded. The present study used survey data from a sample of 401 municipal police Officers representing 23 suburban police agencies in one metropolitan area in the Midwestern USA. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate correlations between the Officers' perceived work environment characteristics and their individual drug offense arrest productivity.Findings – As predicted, Officers who produced the most drug arrests were more likely to have perceived that drug arrests were rewarded by their agency, pe...

  • Patrol Officer call for service workloads an urban and small town comparison
    The Police Journal, 2008
    Co-Authors: Trisha N Rhodes, Richard R. Johnson
    Abstract:

    Although small town agencies make up the majority of police departments in the USA, there is a surprising lack of information regarding how the workloads of small town and urban police Officers dif...

  • Management Influences on Officer Traffic Enforcement Productivity
    International Journal of Police Science & Management, 2006
    Co-Authors: Richard R. Johnson
    Abstract:

    There is significant evidence that aggressive traffic enforcement strategies can have an impact on traffic safety, public disorder and street crime. However, individual Patrol Officers often devote different levels of effort to traffic Patrol with some producing very high levels of citations and arrests, while others produce few or none at all. Therefore, it would be useful for police executives to know how they can effectively motivate Officers to engage in high levels of traffic enforcement. This study evaluates a theoretical approach to motivating Patrol Officer productivity in the areas of traffic citations and drunk driver arrests, and applies this approach across a number of police agencies in one metropolitan area. The findings support this approach and suggest that Patrol Officer productivity in these two performance tasks is significantly predicted by management expectations, Officer capability, Officer opportunity, the perception of rewards, and the modelling of the behaviour by the Officer's sh...

Elizabeth W Rutman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Work Zone Safety: Analysis of Crashes, Speeds, and Traffic Flow During the Reconstruction of the I-25/I-40 Interchange
    2003
    Co-Authors: J. W. Hall, Elizabeth W Rutman
    Abstract:

    An analysis of crashes, speeds and traffic flow was done during the reconstruction of the “Big I” I-25/I-40 interchange in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Work zone traffic safety, speed, and saturation flow rate were assessed. Researchers analyzed the characteristics of crashes, proper and improper traffic control methods, and the efficacy of innovation in speed signs and monitored the combined effect of numerous physical and operational factors on traffic flow rates in urban freeway construction areas. Recommendations were made for reducing construction zone crashes. The main safety goal of work/construction zones is to reduce exposure to construction duration and traffic. The study found that as saturation flow rates increased, collisions increased. A cause and effect relationship was not found between innovative speed signs and a reduction in motorist speed. Motorists don’t want to limit speed unless physical conditions force motorists to acknowledge that a speed reduction is necessary, unless a highway Patrol Officer is enforcing speed regulations, or unless there is any other equivalent of a 2X4 to the motorist’s head.

  • work zone safety analysis of crashes speeds and traffic flow during the reconstruction of the i 25 i 40 interchange
    2003
    Co-Authors: J. W. Hall, Elizabeth W Rutman
    Abstract:

    An analysis of crashes, speeds and traffic flow was done during the reconstruction of the “Big I” I-25/I-40 interchange in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Work zone traffic safety, speed, and saturation flow rate were assessed. Researchers analyzed the characteristics of crashes, proper and improper traffic control methods, and the efficacy of innovation in speed signs and monitored the combined effect of numerous physical and operational factors on traffic flow rates in urban freeway construction areas. Recommendations were made for reducing construction zone crashes. The main safety goal of work/construction zones is to reduce exposure to construction duration and traffic. The study found that as saturation flow rates increased, collisions increased. A cause and effect relationship was not found between innovative speed signs and a reduction in motorist speed. Motorists don’t want to limit speed unless physical conditions force motorists to acknowledge that a speed reduction is necessary, unless a highway Patrol Officer is enforcing speed regulations, or unless there is any other equivalent of a 2X4 to the motorist’s head.

Robin S. Engel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Patrol Officer supervision in the community policing era
    Journal of Criminal Justice, 2002
    Co-Authors: Robin S. Engel
    Abstract:

    Abstract Scholars have speculated that in an era of community policing, the role of first-line Patrol supervisors has changed. Given this change, can Patrol supervisors effectively influence their Officers' behavior? This question is addressed by examining data collected for the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN), a systematic observational study of Patrol Officers and first-line supervisors in two metropolitan police departments in 1996–1997. Using four distinct supervisory styles created through factor analysis of attitudinal constructs identified in the management and policing literatures, the influence of different supervisory styles over the time Officers spend per shift conducting particular types of activities and encounters is assessed. Findings from multivariate analyses show that Officers with “active” supervisors spent significantly more time per shift engaging in self-initiated and community-policing/problem-solving activities, while Officers with “innovative” supervisors spent significantly more time engaging in administrative tasks. Implications for policy and future research are explored.

  • The Effects of Supervisory Styles on Patrol Officer Behavior
    Police Quarterly, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robin S. Engel
    Abstract:

    Do Patrol sergeants' supervisory styles influence Patrol Officer behavior? This question is addressed by examining data collected for the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, a systematic observation...

J. W. Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Work Zone Safety: Analysis of Crashes, Speeds, and Traffic Flow During the Reconstruction of the I-25/I-40 Interchange
    2003
    Co-Authors: J. W. Hall, Elizabeth W Rutman
    Abstract:

    An analysis of crashes, speeds and traffic flow was done during the reconstruction of the “Big I” I-25/I-40 interchange in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Work zone traffic safety, speed, and saturation flow rate were assessed. Researchers analyzed the characteristics of crashes, proper and improper traffic control methods, and the efficacy of innovation in speed signs and monitored the combined effect of numerous physical and operational factors on traffic flow rates in urban freeway construction areas. Recommendations were made for reducing construction zone crashes. The main safety goal of work/construction zones is to reduce exposure to construction duration and traffic. The study found that as saturation flow rates increased, collisions increased. A cause and effect relationship was not found between innovative speed signs and a reduction in motorist speed. Motorists don’t want to limit speed unless physical conditions force motorists to acknowledge that a speed reduction is necessary, unless a highway Patrol Officer is enforcing speed regulations, or unless there is any other equivalent of a 2X4 to the motorist’s head.

  • work zone safety analysis of crashes speeds and traffic flow during the reconstruction of the i 25 i 40 interchange
    2003
    Co-Authors: J. W. Hall, Elizabeth W Rutman
    Abstract:

    An analysis of crashes, speeds and traffic flow was done during the reconstruction of the “Big I” I-25/I-40 interchange in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Work zone traffic safety, speed, and saturation flow rate were assessed. Researchers analyzed the characteristics of crashes, proper and improper traffic control methods, and the efficacy of innovation in speed signs and monitored the combined effect of numerous physical and operational factors on traffic flow rates in urban freeway construction areas. Recommendations were made for reducing construction zone crashes. The main safety goal of work/construction zones is to reduce exposure to construction duration and traffic. The study found that as saturation flow rates increased, collisions increased. A cause and effect relationship was not found between innovative speed signs and a reduction in motorist speed. Motorists don’t want to limit speed unless physical conditions force motorists to acknowledge that a speed reduction is necessary, unless a highway Patrol Officer is enforcing speed regulations, or unless there is any other equivalent of a 2X4 to the motorist’s head.

Gerasimos A. Gianakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.