The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Josh Burlison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A discussion framework of store image and Patronage: a literature review
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 2018Co-Authors: Josh BurlisonAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to critically review the literature that explores the relationships between store image and store Patronage behaviour, thereby providing the practical analytical framework with measurements that aids marketers to build strategical marketing plans to attract loyal customers to their retail shops.,A systematic literature review method was applied to this study which analysed the literature of peer-reviewed articles in English-language journals and specific online databases. In total, 863 peer-reviewed articles which were published between 1950 and 2017 were examined to provide the practical framework with measurements for further discussion.,It was found that within the eight identified dimensions of store image – merchandise, service, convenience, promotion, client, physical facilities, atmosphere and institutions, there are corresponding sub-sections that must be recognised, e.g. merchandise is made up of quality, assortment, price, fashion and guarantee. These dimensions have been analysed and discussed in the context of their impact on store Patronage. However, because of the lack of clarity in predictors of store Patronage, there has been confusion in academic discussions. Therefore, it is proposed that store Patronage should be investigated with two parameters, customer and manager store image alignment and past purchase experiences.,This study contributes to providing a useful discussion platform with an analytical framework and measurements. Due to the selected term-based search method, even with the authors’ maximum effort, the number of selected publications is limited.,This study introduces a practical conceptual framework for the measurements that need to be utilised by the marketers while building marketing strategies for attracting consumers to enhance their Patronage behaviours. Retail services need to create a reinvented discussion platform with respect to store image and Patronage. Consumers may perceive store image as being embedded in the store environment as a trigger for their Patronage behaviour and, using the proposed analytical framework, the retailers can analyse and refine their marketing plans effectively.,This study presents the overall reappraisals of the initial literature with regard to the holistic development, implications and impact of store image on store Patronage. Moreover, the paper seeks to provide a robust discussion paradigm for developing perspectives for improving Patronage behaviours, thereby bridging the gap between store image and store Patronage by attempting to use the relevant literature to contribute to constructive future discussions and useful dimensions while building marketing strategies.
Petr Kopecký - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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party Patronage and party government in european democracies
2012Co-Authors: Petr Kopecký, Peter Mair, Maria SpirovaAbstract:PART I: STUDYING PARTY Patronage 1. Party Patronage as an Organizational Resource 2. Measuring Party Patronage through Structured Expert Interviews PART II: PARTY Patronage IN EUROPE 3. Party Patronage in Austria: From Reward to Control 4. 'A Tradition We Don't Mess With': Party Patronage in Bulgaria 5. Give Me Trafika: Party Patronage in the Czech Republic 6. Party Patronage in Denmark: The Merit State with Politics 'On the Side' 7. Party Patronage in Germany: The Strategic use of Appointments 8. Party Patronage in Greece: Political Entrepreneurship in a Party Patronage Democracy 9. Capturing the State: Party Patronage in Hungary 10. Party Patronage in Iceland: Rewards and Control Appointments 11. Party Patronage in Ireland: Changing Parameters 12. Party Patronage in Italy: A Matter for Solitary Leaders 13. Party Patronage in the Netherlands: Sharing Appointments to Maintain Consensus 14. Party Patronage in Norway: No Room for Political Parties? 15. Party Patronage in Portugal: Treading in Shallow Water 16. Party Patronage in Spain: Extensive But Not Pervasive use of Appointments as s Tool of Party Government 17. Party Patronage in the United Kingdom PART III: CONCLUSION Conclusion: Party Patronage in Contemporary Europe
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jobs for the boys patterns of party Patronage in post communist europe
West European Politics, 2011Co-Authors: Petr Kopecký, Maria SpirovaAbstract:This article examines the patterns of party Patronage in post-communist Europe and provides an explanation for the varying practices observed by stressing the institutional legacies of the past. Drawing on the distinction between different types of communist regimes, it formulates three hypotheses concerning the extent, underlying motivations and intra-party control of Patronage which guide the empirical analysis. It then clarifies the key concepts and discusses the methodology and data used in the article. Further, the three hypotheses are probed with data collected in a large expert survey in Bulgaria, Hungary and the Czech Republic. In accordance with the hypotheses, these three countries are found to differ in the pervasiveness of Patronage within the state institutions, in the reasons why party politicians engage in Patronage practices and, to a lesser degree, in the intra-party mechanisms of controlling and distributing Patronage. It is argued that this variation can be, at least partially, attribut...
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political competition and party Patronage public appointments in ghana and south africa
Political Studies, 2011Co-Authors: Petr KopeckýAbstract:State exploitation by political parties is one of the key problems of new democracies. This article looks at party Patronage as one of the ways through which political parties exploit the state. It focuses on two new African democracies – Ghana and South Africa – and using the data from an original expert survey explores party appointments across a wide range of state institutions. It also uses these data to illustrate some of the theoretical issues related to the existence of Patronage practices. In particular, the article probes into a widespread claim that robust party competition constrains politicians and hence limits Patronage politics. Contrary to those theoretical expectations, the article finds that Patronage in new democracies is not necessarily higher in a less competitive party system. The article then considers factors other than party competition that might explain this unexpected empirical outcome; it also suggests a theoretical argument positing compatibility between high levels of patrona...
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Party Patronage in Contemporary Europe
European Review, 2008Co-Authors: Petr Kopecký, Gerardo ScherlisAbstract:Party Patronage is generally associated with social, economic and political underdevelopment, and is hence seen as largely irrelevant in the context of contemporary European politics. In this article, we argue to the contrary, proposing that Patronage reappears on the stage of European politics as a critical organizational and governmental resource employed by political parties to enhance their standing as semi-state agencies of government. In order to illustrate our main contention, we first define party Patronage, disentangling it from other notions of political particularism that are often used synonymously in the literature. Second, we provide a brief overview of the literature on the past and present of Patronage practices in Europe, arguing that rather than declining, Patronage is still likely to be a relevant feature of contemporary party politics in Europe. Finally, we analyse the role of party Patronage in the light of recent developments in several European countries, identifying three distinct patterns of Patronage practices in the region.
Simon Kwok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Patterns of store Patronage in urban China
Journal of Business Research, 2009Co-Authors: Mark Uncles, Simon KwokAbstract:Abstract Reported is a formal investigation of store Patronage in urban China. Using consumer panel data for sales of packaged goods through store types and named store chains, patterns of sales, loyalty and duplication are examined. Observed patterns are benchmarked against predictions from the NBD-Dirichlet model. Findings are generalized across six product categories in the packaged-goods retailing sector of Shanghai. Crucial aspects of store type/chain Patronage are shown to be regular and predictable: Patronage levels co-vary with market shares, average frequencies of Patronage do not vary as much, few consumers are exclusively loyal, a majority of consumers are divided in their loyalty, and they patronize other store types/chains in line with market shares. Special groupings of store types/chains are not found. All these results occur for the buying of both contemporary and traditional products.
Maria Spirova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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party Patronage in contemporary democracies results from an expert survey in 22 countries from five regions
European Journal of Political Research, 2016Co-Authors: Pe Kopecký, Janhinrik Meye Sahling, Francisco Panizza, Gerardo Scherlis, Christia Schuste, Maria SpirovaAbstract:This Research Note presents a new dataset of party Patronage in 22 countries from five regions. The data was collected using the same methodology to compare patterns of Patronage within countries, across countries and across world regions that are usually studied separately. The Note addresses three research questions that are at the centre of debates on party Patronage, which is understood as the power of political parties to make appointments to the public and semi-public sector: the scope of Patronage, the underlying motivations and the criteria on the basis of which appointees are selected. The exploration of the dataset shows that party Patronage is, to a different degree, widespread across all regions. The data further shows differences between policy areas, types of institutions such as government ministries, agencies and state-owned enterprises, and higher, middle and lower ranks of the bureaucracy. It is demonstrated that the political control of policy making and implementation is the most common motivation for making political appointments. However, in countries with a large scope of Patronage, appointments serve the purpose of both political control and rewarding supporters in exchange for votes and services. Finally, the data shows that parties prefer to select appointees who are characterised by political and personal loyalty as well as professional competence.
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party Patronage and party government in european democracies
2012Co-Authors: Petr Kopecký, Peter Mair, Maria SpirovaAbstract:PART I: STUDYING PARTY Patronage 1. Party Patronage as an Organizational Resource 2. Measuring Party Patronage through Structured Expert Interviews PART II: PARTY Patronage IN EUROPE 3. Party Patronage in Austria: From Reward to Control 4. 'A Tradition We Don't Mess With': Party Patronage in Bulgaria 5. Give Me Trafika: Party Patronage in the Czech Republic 6. Party Patronage in Denmark: The Merit State with Politics 'On the Side' 7. Party Patronage in Germany: The Strategic use of Appointments 8. Party Patronage in Greece: Political Entrepreneurship in a Party Patronage Democracy 9. Capturing the State: Party Patronage in Hungary 10. Party Patronage in Iceland: Rewards and Control Appointments 11. Party Patronage in Ireland: Changing Parameters 12. Party Patronage in Italy: A Matter for Solitary Leaders 13. Party Patronage in the Netherlands: Sharing Appointments to Maintain Consensus 14. Party Patronage in Norway: No Room for Political Parties? 15. Party Patronage in Portugal: Treading in Shallow Water 16. Party Patronage in Spain: Extensive But Not Pervasive use of Appointments as s Tool of Party Government 17. Party Patronage in the United Kingdom PART III: CONCLUSION Conclusion: Party Patronage in Contemporary Europe
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jobs for the boys patterns of party Patronage in post communist europe
West European Politics, 2011Co-Authors: Petr Kopecký, Maria SpirovaAbstract:This article examines the patterns of party Patronage in post-communist Europe and provides an explanation for the varying practices observed by stressing the institutional legacies of the past. Drawing on the distinction between different types of communist regimes, it formulates three hypotheses concerning the extent, underlying motivations and intra-party control of Patronage which guide the empirical analysis. It then clarifies the key concepts and discusses the methodology and data used in the article. Further, the three hypotheses are probed with data collected in a large expert survey in Bulgaria, Hungary and the Czech Republic. In accordance with the hypotheses, these three countries are found to differ in the pervasiveness of Patronage within the state institutions, in the reasons why party politicians engage in Patronage practices and, to a lesser degree, in the intra-party mechanisms of controlling and distributing Patronage. It is argued that this variation can be, at least partially, attribut...
Mark Uncles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Patterns of store Patronage in urban China
Journal of Business Research, 2009Co-Authors: Mark Uncles, Simon KwokAbstract:Abstract Reported is a formal investigation of store Patronage in urban China. Using consumer panel data for sales of packaged goods through store types and named store chains, patterns of sales, loyalty and duplication are examined. Observed patterns are benchmarked against predictions from the NBD-Dirichlet model. Findings are generalized across six product categories in the packaged-goods retailing sector of Shanghai. Crucial aspects of store type/chain Patronage are shown to be regular and predictable: Patronage levels co-vary with market shares, average frequencies of Patronage do not vary as much, few consumers are exclusively loyal, a majority of consumers are divided in their loyalty, and they patronize other store types/chains in line with market shares. Special groupings of store types/chains are not found. All these results occur for the buying of both contemporary and traditional products.
