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Matthias Maass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Small States in World Politics - Power politics and small state survival: the classic balance of power, 1648–1814
Small States in World Politics, 2017Co-Authors: Matthias MaassAbstract:How safe was the largely unbridled balance of power of the 17th and 18th centuries for the small state? This chapter shows that the balance of power system was in fact rather permissive and allowed small states to survive in historically large numbers. The loose and fairly unrestrained balance of power system turned out to be a surprisingly safe environment for the small state. The chapter covers the era of the classic balance of power, which is bookended by two major Peace summits, the Peace of Westphalia, concluded in 1648, and the Congress of Vienna, held in 1814/15. During this era, the particular balance-of-power that defined it was also the main cause of the moderate decline in small states numbers.
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The International States Systems Since 1648 and Small States 'Systemic Resilience'
International Studies Review, 2009Co-Authors: Matthias MaassAbstract:Since 1648, the number of small states has varied significantly. There have been more than one "rise and fall" in the number of small states. This study begins a broader analysis into causality by investigating this phenomenon. By setting out the changes in the composition of the international states system since its inception in its modem form with the Peace of Westphalia, the study intends to discuss the proliferation of small states over time as a significant phenomenon in the history of international relations. The study then continues by linking the changes in the number of small states to major systemic changes, arguing that different types of states system correspond to different levels of "systemic resilience" of small states.
Joachim Whaley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Holy Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction - 5. The early modern empire (2): from the Peace of Westphalia to 1806
The Holy Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction, 2018Co-Authors: Joachim WhaleyAbstract:The Thirty Years War was a disaster for much of the empire, yet the post-war era provided new opportunities and developments, which all contributed to the extraordinary cultural vitality of the German lands, manifest especially in the literary, musical, and philosophical achievements of the 18th and early 19th centuries. ‘The early modern empire (2): from the Peace of Westphalia to 1806’ outlines the empire’s revival after 1648 and the external threats that helped maintain its solidarity—the Ottoman wars, hostilities with France, and conflicts with Sweden in the north. It concludes with the French Revolution and Napoleon, whose insistence on the abdication of Francis II resulted in the dissolution of the empire in 1806.
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from maximilian i to the Peace of Westphalia 1493 1648
2013Co-Authors: Joachim WhaleyAbstract:I: INTRODUCTION: NARRATIVES of EARLY MODERN GERMAN HISTORY II. GERMANY AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE IN 1500 1. Origins and Frontiers 2. The Reich as a Polity 3. Fragmented Territories 4. The Reich and the German Nation III. THE REFORM of THE REICH AND THE CHURCH C. 1490-1519 1. The Reformation Era in German history 2. The Reich under Maximilian I 3. Reich, Papacy, and Reichskirche 4. Religious Renewal and the Laity 5. Humanism in the Reich 6. The 'Print Revolution' and the Public Sphere 7. Economic Landscapes, Communities, and their Grievances 8. Martin Luther and the 'Luther affair' 1517-19 IV. CHARLES V AND THE CHALLENGE of THE REFORMATION IN THE 1520S 1. The Reich During the First Decade of Charles V 2. Luther and Imperial Politics, 1519-1526 3. Luther and the German Reform Movement 4. Alternative Reformations and the Dominance of Lutheranism 5. The Knights' War, 1522-23 6. The Peasants' War 1525 7. Reformation in the Cities V. MASTERING THE REFORMATION C. 1526-1555 1. The Emergence of Protestant Territories 2. The Persistence of Catholicism 3. Charles V, Ferdinand, and the Reich in Europe 4. The Establishment of Protestantism, 1526-1530 5. The Schmalkaldic League, its Counterparts and the Politics of the Reich, 1530-1541 6. Charles V as 'Lord of Germany', 1541-58 7. The Triumph of the Reich, 1548-1555 VI. MANAGING THE Peace 1555-1618 1. Contours of the 'Confessional Age' 2. Emperors, Imperial officials, and Estates after the Peace of Augsburg 3. Constitutional developments after 1555: Reichstag, Kreise, Courts, and Legislation 4. The Reich in Europe 5. Managing the Domestic Peace, 1555-c.1585 6. The Consensus Falters, c. 1585-1603 7. Paralysis, 1603-1614 8. Problems of the Habsburg Dynasty 9. The Reich in the Reign of Emperor Matthias, 1612-19 10. The Crisis of the Habsburg lands VII. THE GERMAN TERRITORIES AND CITIES AFTER 1555 1. Problems of Interpretation 2. A Benign Environment? 3. State Formation? 4. Domestic Order and Defence 5. Confessionalisation? 6. Finance, Taxation, and Estates 7. The Resurgence of the Courts 8. Imperial Cities 9. Responding to Crises VIII. THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 1. The Thirty Years War in German History 2. What Kind of Conflict? 3. The Reconquest of Austria and Bohemia, 1618-1623 4. Ferdinand Victorious 5. Denmark and the War for the Reich, 1623-29 6. What Kind of Reich? Sweden and the Defence of German Liberties, 1630-35 7. Wallenstein and After 8. France, Sweden, and the German Way, 1635-48 9. The Peace of Westphalia 10. The Impact of the War on German Society 11. The Thirty Years War and the German Polity Glossary Abbreviations Bibliography
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Germany and the Holy Roman Empire: Volume II: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich, 1648-1806
2012Co-Authors: Joachim WhaleyAbstract:Germany and the Holy Roman Empire offers a striking new interpretation of a crucial era in German and European history, from the great reforms of 1495-1500 to the dissolution of the Reich in 1806. Over two volumes, Joachim Whaley rejects the notion that this was a long period of decline, and shows instead how imperial institutions developed in response to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, notably the Reformation and Thirty Years War. The impact of international developments on the Reich is also examined. Volume II begins with the Peace of Westphalia and concludes with the dissolution of the Reich. Whaley analyses the remarkable resurgence of the Reich after the Thirty Years War, which saw the Habsburg emperors achieve a new position of power and influence and which enabled the Reich to withstand the military threats posed by France and the Turks in the later seventeenth century. He gives a rich account of topics such as Pietism and baroque Catholicism, the German enlightenment, and the impact on the Empire and its territories of the French Revolution and Napolean. Whaley emphasizes the continuing viability of the Reich's institutions to the end, and the vitality of a political culture of freedom that has been routinely underestimated by historians of modern Germany.
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Germany and the Holy Roman Empire: Volume I: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia, 1493-1648
2011Co-Authors: Joachim WhaleyAbstract:Germany and the Holy Roman Empire offers a striking new interpretation of a crucial era in German and European history, from the great reforms of 1495-1500 to the dissolution of the Reich in 1806. Over two volumes, Joachim Whaley rejects the notion that this was a long period of decline, and shows instead how imperial institutions developed in response to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, notably the Reformation and Thirty Years War. The impact of international developments on the Reich is also examined. The first volume begins with an account of the reforms of the reign of Maximilian I and concludes with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. It offers a new interpretation of the Reformation, the Peasants' War, the Schmalkaldic War and the Peace of Augsburg, and of the post-Reformation development of Protestantism and Catholicism. The German policy successfully resisted the ambitions of Charles V and the repeated onslaughtsof both the Ottomans and the French, and it remained stable in the face of the French religious wars and the Dutch Revolt. The volume concludes with an analysis of the Thirty Years War as an essentially German constitutional conflict, triggered by the problems of the Habsburg dynasty and prolonged by the interventions of foreign powers. The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the conflict, both reflected the development of the German polity since the late fifteenth century and created teh framework for its development over the next hundred and fifty years.
Friedrich Beiderbeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Vol I: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia 1493–1648/ Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Volume II: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich 1648–1806
2015Co-Authors: Friedrich BeiderbeckAbstract:Joachim Whaley, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Vol I: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia 1493–1648, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2012, XVI–722 p., 2 bw Joachim Whaley, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Volume II: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich 1648–1806, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2012, XXVI–747 p. (Oxford History of Early Modern Europe), ISBN 978-0-19-969307-8, GBP 94,00.
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germany and the holy roman empire vol i maximilian i to the Peace of Westphalia 1493 1648 germany and the holy roman empire volume ii the Peace of Westphalia to the dissolution of the reich 1648 1806
Frühe Neuzeit – Revolution – Empire (1500–1815), 2015Co-Authors: Friedrich BeiderbeckAbstract:Joachim Whaley, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Vol I: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia 1493–1648, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2012, XVI–722 p., 2 bw Joachim Whaley, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Volume II: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich 1648–1806, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2012, XXVI–747 p. (Oxford History of Early Modern Europe), ISBN 978-0-19-969307-8, GBP 94,00.
Stephen D. Krasner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rethinking the Sovereign State Model
Review of International Studies, 2001Co-Authors: Stephen D. KrasnerAbstract:The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, is generally understood as a critical moment in the development of the modern international system composed of sovereign states each with exclusive authority within its own geographic boundaries. The Westphalian sovereign state model, based on the principles of autonomy, territory, mutual recognition and control, offers a simple, arresting, and elegant image. It orders the minds of policymakers. It is an analytic assumption for neo-realism and neo-liberal institutionalism. It is an empirical regularity for various sociological and constructivist theories of international politics. It is a benchmark for observers who claim an erosion of sovereignty in the contemporary world.
Derek Croxton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Historical Context of “A Westphalia for the Middle East?”
Journal of Applied History, 2020Co-Authors: Derek CroxtonAbstract:Abstract This article considers the fit of the “Westphalia for the Middle East” project with the historical Peace of Westphalia. It takes as its point of departure Proudhon’s distinction between the “judgment” and “reasons” of a treaty. The “reasons” behind the Peace of Westphalia include broad participation of interested parties, religious compromise, involvement of external powers in Imperial government, and ending a war. of these, the involvement of external powers in another state’s government presents the greatest problem mapping to the Middle East, chiefly because the project proposes to treat the Middle East as a whole like the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Westphalia.
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Peacemaking in Early Modern Europe: Cardinal Mazarin and the Congress of Westphalia, 1643-1648
1999Co-Authors: Derek CroxtonAbstract:In 1648, France signed the Peace of Westphalia, extending its borders to the Rhine and ending a long conflict with the Holy Roman Empire. Croxton pays particular attention to the effect of the military campaigns on the negotiations, showing that Mazarin had a realistic grasp of the strategic situation.
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The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty
The International History Review, 1999Co-Authors: Derek CroxtonAbstract:(1999). The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty. The International History Review: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 569-591.
