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Monica Christova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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id 298 timing dependant effects of anodal tdcs on motor memory following Pegboard Test training
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2016Co-Authors: Monica Christova, D Rafolt, S Fresnoza, E GallaschAbstract:Objective Facilitating effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) on motor learning and memory has been demonstrated.The present study examines whether the motor memory gains depend on the timing of stimulation in relation to the ongoing motor task. Methods Five study groups ( n = 70) were trained on the grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) in a randomized, between-subjects design: sham stimulation during training, atDCS prior training, atDCS during training, atDCS after training, atDCS 15 min after training. The tDCS was applied to the contralateral motor cortex for 15 min. Motor performance was assessed by GPT completion time and reTested 14 days later to determine the task consolidation. Results Preliminary results showed shorter performance times at reTest for the stimulated groups compared to sham. Final results concerning the specific effect of different timings of stimulation will be reported. Conclusions Anodal tDCS improves motor memory following Pegboard Test training. As the task consolidation occurs in the first minutes after the end of the motor training, we assume that atDCS applied post GPT ameliorates motor memory more effectively. Key message Effect of timing of tDCS application should be considered when designing brain stimulation protocols.
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ID 298 – Timing – Dependant effects of anodal tDCS on motor memory following Pegboard Test training
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2016Co-Authors: Monica Christova, D Rafolt, S Fresnoza, E GallaschAbstract:Objective Facilitating effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) on motor learning and memory has been demonstrated.The present study examines whether the motor memory gains depend on the timing of stimulation in relation to the ongoing motor task. Methods Five study groups ( n = 70) were trained on the grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) in a randomized, between-subjects design: sham stimulation during training, atDCS prior training, atDCS during training, atDCS after training, atDCS 15 min after training. The tDCS was applied to the contralateral motor cortex for 15 min. Motor performance was assessed by GPT completion time and reTested 14 days later to determine the task consolidation. Results Preliminary results showed shorter performance times at reTest for the stimulated groups compared to sham. Final results concerning the specific effect of different timings of stimulation will be reported. Conclusions Anodal tDCS improves motor memory following Pegboard Test training. As the task consolidation occurs in the first minutes after the end of the motor training, we assume that atDCS applied post GPT ameliorates motor memory more effectively. Key message Effect of timing of tDCS application should be considered when designing brain stimulation protocols.
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cumulative effects of anodal and priming cathodal tdcs on Pegboard Test performance and motor cortical excitability
Behavioural Brain Research, 2015Co-Authors: Monica Christova, D Rafolt, E GallaschAbstract:Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocols applied over the primary motor cortex are associated with changes in motor performance. This transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study examines whether cathodal tDCS prior to motor training, combined with anodal tDCS during motor training improves motor performance and off-line learning. Three study groups ( n = 36) were trained on the grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) in a randomized, between-subjects design: SHAM—sham stimulation prior and during training, STIM1—sham stimulation prior and atDCS during training, STIM2—ctDCS stimulation prior and atDCS during training. Motor performance was assessed by GPT completion time and reTested 14 days later to determine off-line learning. Cortical excitability was assessed via TMS at baseline (T0), prior training (T1), after training (T2), and 60 min after training (T3). Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded from m. abductor pollicis brevis of the active left hand. GPT completion time was reduced for both stimulated groups compared to SHAM. For STIM2 this reduction in time was significantly higher than for STIM1 and further off-line learning occurred after STIM2. After ctDCS at T1, MEP amplitude and intracortical facilitation was decreased and intracortical inhibition was increased. After atDCS at T2, an opposite effect was observed for STIM1 and STIM2. For STIM2 these neuromodulatory effects were retained until T3. It is concluded that application of atDCS during the training improves Pegboard performance and that additional priming with ctDCS has a positive effect on off-line learning. These cumulative behavioral gains were indicated by the preceding neuromodulatory changes.
Roger M Enoka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Poor estimates of motor variability are associated with longer grooved Pegboard times for middle-aged and older adults
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2018Co-Authors: Landon D. Hamilton, Melissa R. Mazzo, Luca Petrigna, Alaa A. Ahmed, Roger M EnokaAbstract:This study was the first to examine the association between decision-making choices and an NIH Toolbox Test of manual dexterity (grooved Pegboard Test) performed by middle-aged and older adults. Si...
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Peg-manipulation capabilities of middle-aged adults have a greater influence on Pegboard times than those of young and old adults
Experimental Brain Research, 2018Co-Authors: Awad M Almuklass, Daniel F. Feeney, Diba Mani, Landon D. Hamilton, Roger M EnokaAbstract:Declines in manual dexterity are frequently quantified as the time it takes to complete the grooved Pegboard Test. The Test requires individuals to manipulate 25 pegs, one at a time, by removing them from a well and inserting them into a prescribed hole. The manipulation of each peg involves four phases: selection, transport, insertion, and return. The purpose of our study was to compare the times to complete the four phases of peg manipulation and the forces applied to the Pegboard during peg insertion as young, middle-aged, and old adults performed the grooved Pegboard Test. The relative significance of the peg-manipulation attributes for 30 young (24.0 ± 4.4 years), 15 middle-aged (46.5 ± 6.5 years), and 15 old (70.4 ± 4.0 years) adults was assessed with a multiple-regression analysis. The grooved Pegboard Test was performed on a force plate. Pegboard times for the old adults (81 ± 17 s) were longer than those for young (56 ± 7 s) and middle-aged (58 ± 11 s) adults. Regression analysis indicated that the explanatory variables for the Pegboard times of young ( R ^2 = 0.33) and middle-aged ( R ^2 = 0.78) adults were the times for the peg insertion and return phases, whereas the predictors for old adults ( R ^2 = 0.49) were the times for the peg selection and transport phases. The relative influence of peg-manipulation capabilities on a Pegboard Test of manual dexterity was greater for middle-aged adults than for young and old adults.
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Peg-manipulation capabilities during a Test of manual dexterity differ for persons with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals.
Experimental Brain Research, 2017Co-Authors: Awad M Almuklass, Daniel F. Feeney, Diba Mani, Landon D. Hamilton, Roger M EnokaAbstract:Manual dexterity declines with advancing age and the development of neurological disorders. Changes in manual dexterity are frequently quantified as the time it takes to complete the grooved Pegboard Test, which requires individuals to manipulate 25 pegs. The manipulation of each peg involves four phases: selection, transport, insertion, and return. The purpose of the study was to compare the times to complete the four phases of manipulating each peg and the forces applied to the Pegboard during peg selection and insertion in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and age- and sex-matched healthy adults. Multiple-regression models that could explain the variance in Pegboard times for each group of participants were compared to assess the relative significance of the peg-manipulation attributes. The performance of 17 persons with MS (52.2 ± 8.3 years) was compared with 17 control subjects (52.2 ± 11.5 years). The grooved Pegboard Test was performed on a force plate. Pegboard times for the MS group (104 ± 40 s) were longer than those for the Control group (61 ± 15 s). Regression analysis indicated that the Pegboard times for the MS group could be predicted by the time for the peg-selection phase (R 2 = 0.78), whereas the predictors for Control group (R 2 = 0.77) were the times for the peg-transport (partial r = 0.80) and selection (partial r = 0.58) phases. The variance in the time it took the MS participants to complete the grooved Pegboard Test was strongly related to the time required to select each peg, whereas the Pegboard times for the Control subjects depended mostly on the duration of the transport phase but also on the time to select each peg.
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A framework for identifying the adaptations responsible for differences in Pegboard times between middle-aged and older adults☆
Experimental Gerontology, 2017Co-Authors: Landon D. Hamilton, Awad M Almuklass, Ewan Thomas, Roger M EnokaAbstract:Abstract Time to complete two Tests of manual dexterity, the 9-hole Peg Test and Grooved Pegboard Test, increases with advancing age. However, the adaptations responsible for the differences in Pegboard times between middle-aged and older adults are largely unknown. Potential mechanisms include neuromuscular characteristics, cognitive function, and cutaneous sensation. To provide a tractable framework to address these gaps in knowledge, the purpose of the current study was to identify the latent variables underlying age-associated differences in time to complete the 9-hole and grooved Pegboard Tests. The approach involved an independent component analysis that identified associations between the two Pegboard times for the two groups of participants with two to six secondary outcomes. The common association across three of the four conditions (two groups and two Pegboard Tests) was features derived from force-matching tasks requiring submaximal isometric contraction. In addition, there were significant associations for older adults between age, measures of cognitive function, and Pegboard times. Nonetheless, the significant associations were unique for each age group and Pegboard Test. The results provide a framework for subsequent mechanistic studies to identify the adaptations underlying age-associated declines in manual dexterity.
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force steadiness as a predictor of time to complete a Pegboard Test of dexterity in young men and women
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Awad M Almuklass, Ryan C Price, Jeffrey R Gould, Roger M EnokaAbstract:The time it takes young adults to complete a Pegboard Test of manual dexterity appears to depend on the relative emphasis they place on accuracy and speed when performing the Test. Moreover, the pe...
E Gallasch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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id 298 timing dependant effects of anodal tdcs on motor memory following Pegboard Test training
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2016Co-Authors: Monica Christova, D Rafolt, S Fresnoza, E GallaschAbstract:Objective Facilitating effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) on motor learning and memory has been demonstrated.The present study examines whether the motor memory gains depend on the timing of stimulation in relation to the ongoing motor task. Methods Five study groups ( n = 70) were trained on the grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) in a randomized, between-subjects design: sham stimulation during training, atDCS prior training, atDCS during training, atDCS after training, atDCS 15 min after training. The tDCS was applied to the contralateral motor cortex for 15 min. Motor performance was assessed by GPT completion time and reTested 14 days later to determine the task consolidation. Results Preliminary results showed shorter performance times at reTest for the stimulated groups compared to sham. Final results concerning the specific effect of different timings of stimulation will be reported. Conclusions Anodal tDCS improves motor memory following Pegboard Test training. As the task consolidation occurs in the first minutes after the end of the motor training, we assume that atDCS applied post GPT ameliorates motor memory more effectively. Key message Effect of timing of tDCS application should be considered when designing brain stimulation protocols.
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ID 298 – Timing – Dependant effects of anodal tDCS on motor memory following Pegboard Test training
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2016Co-Authors: Monica Christova, D Rafolt, S Fresnoza, E GallaschAbstract:Objective Facilitating effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) on motor learning and memory has been demonstrated.The present study examines whether the motor memory gains depend on the timing of stimulation in relation to the ongoing motor task. Methods Five study groups ( n = 70) were trained on the grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) in a randomized, between-subjects design: sham stimulation during training, atDCS prior training, atDCS during training, atDCS after training, atDCS 15 min after training. The tDCS was applied to the contralateral motor cortex for 15 min. Motor performance was assessed by GPT completion time and reTested 14 days later to determine the task consolidation. Results Preliminary results showed shorter performance times at reTest for the stimulated groups compared to sham. Final results concerning the specific effect of different timings of stimulation will be reported. Conclusions Anodal tDCS improves motor memory following Pegboard Test training. As the task consolidation occurs in the first minutes after the end of the motor training, we assume that atDCS applied post GPT ameliorates motor memory more effectively. Key message Effect of timing of tDCS application should be considered when designing brain stimulation protocols.
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cumulative effects of anodal and priming cathodal tdcs on Pegboard Test performance and motor cortical excitability
Behavioural Brain Research, 2015Co-Authors: Monica Christova, D Rafolt, E GallaschAbstract:Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocols applied over the primary motor cortex are associated with changes in motor performance. This transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study examines whether cathodal tDCS prior to motor training, combined with anodal tDCS during motor training improves motor performance and off-line learning. Three study groups ( n = 36) were trained on the grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) in a randomized, between-subjects design: SHAM—sham stimulation prior and during training, STIM1—sham stimulation prior and atDCS during training, STIM2—ctDCS stimulation prior and atDCS during training. Motor performance was assessed by GPT completion time and reTested 14 days later to determine off-line learning. Cortical excitability was assessed via TMS at baseline (T0), prior training (T1), after training (T2), and 60 min after training (T3). Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded from m. abductor pollicis brevis of the active left hand. GPT completion time was reduced for both stimulated groups compared to SHAM. For STIM2 this reduction in time was significantly higher than for STIM1 and further off-line learning occurred after STIM2. After ctDCS at T1, MEP amplitude and intracortical facilitation was decreased and intracortical inhibition was increased. After atDCS at T2, an opposite effect was observed for STIM1 and STIM2. For STIM2 these neuromodulatory effects were retained until T3. It is concluded that application of atDCS during the training improves Pegboard performance and that additional priming with ctDCS has a positive effect on off-line learning. These cumulative behavioral gains were indicated by the preceding neuromodulatory changes.
J A Eyre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the tyneside Pegboard Test development validation and observations in unilateral cerebral palsy
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2018Co-Authors: Anna Basu, Emma Kirkpatrick, Blythe Wright, Janice Pearse, Kate E Best, J A EyreAbstract:Aim The aims of this study were twofold: first, to develop and validate a timed Test of unimanual and bimanual dexterity suitable for those with disability affecting hand function; second, to explore relationships between unimanual and bimanual completion times. Method We developed the Tyneside Pegboard Test (TPT), an electronically timed Test with three peg sizes, incorporating an asymmetrical bimanual task. Nine hundred and seventy-four participants (455 males, 519 females; age range 4–80y) provided normative data. Test–reTest reliability and construct validity were assessed (50 adults: 14 males, 36 females; 15–73y) on two occasions 2 weeks apart. Bimanual and unimanual completion times were measured in 87 children (51 males, 36 females) with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and 498 individuals in a comparison group (238 males, 260 females; 5–15y). Results The comparison group showed an asymmetrical U-shaped relationship between completion times and age. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.74 to 0.91, indicating moderate Test–reTest reliability. There was a negative relationship between average TPT bimanual times and Purdue Pegboard bimanual scores (Spearman's rho −0.611, degrees of freedom 44, p<0.001). Children with unilateral CP had greater prolongation of bimanual than unimanual completion times compared with the comparison group (mean difference 20.31s, 95% confidence interval 18.13–22.49, p<0.001). Interpretation The TPT is accessible for those with impaired hand function. Children with unilateral CP demonstrated disproportionate bimanual deficits, even allowing for unimanual dexterity: this has implications for therapy. What this paper adds We developed an adapted, electronically timed 9-hole Pegboard Test. Our modifications facilitate use by those with disability affecting hand function. The Test incorporates an asymmetrical bimanual task. Children with unilateral cerebral palsy showed disproportionate bimanual dexterity deficits even allowing for unimanual dexterity.
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The Tyneside Pegboard Test: development, validation, and observations in unilateral cerebral palsy
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2017Co-Authors: Anna Basu, Emma Kirkpatrick, Blythe Wright, Janice Pearse, Kate E Best, J A EyreAbstract:Aim The aims of this study were twofold: first, to develop and validate a timed Test of unimanual and bimanual dexterity suitable for those with disability affecting hand function; second, to explore relationships between unimanual and bimanual completion times. Method We developed the Tyneside Pegboard Test (TPT), an electronically timed Test with three peg sizes, incorporating an asymmetrical bimanual task. Nine hundred and seventy-four participants (455 males, 519 females; age range 4–80y) provided normative data. Test–reTest reliability and construct validity were assessed (50 adults: 14 males, 36 females; 15–73y) on two occasions 2 weeks apart. Bimanual and unimanual completion times were measured in 87 children (51 males, 36 females) with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and 498 individuals in a comparison group (238 males, 260 females; 5–15y). Results The comparison group showed an asymmetrical U-shaped relationship between completion times and age. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.74 to 0.91, indicating moderate Test–reTest reliability. There was a negative relationship between average TPT bimanual times and Purdue Pegboard bimanual scores (Spearman's rho −0.611, degrees of freedom 44, p
Awad M Almuklass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peg-manipulation capabilities of middle-aged adults have a greater influence on Pegboard times than those of young and old adults
Experimental Brain Research, 2018Co-Authors: Awad M Almuklass, Daniel F. Feeney, Diba Mani, Landon D. Hamilton, Roger M EnokaAbstract:Declines in manual dexterity are frequently quantified as the time it takes to complete the grooved Pegboard Test. The Test requires individuals to manipulate 25 pegs, one at a time, by removing them from a well and inserting them into a prescribed hole. The manipulation of each peg involves four phases: selection, transport, insertion, and return. The purpose of our study was to compare the times to complete the four phases of peg manipulation and the forces applied to the Pegboard during peg insertion as young, middle-aged, and old adults performed the grooved Pegboard Test. The relative significance of the peg-manipulation attributes for 30 young (24.0 ± 4.4 years), 15 middle-aged (46.5 ± 6.5 years), and 15 old (70.4 ± 4.0 years) adults was assessed with a multiple-regression analysis. The grooved Pegboard Test was performed on a force plate. Pegboard times for the old adults (81 ± 17 s) were longer than those for young (56 ± 7 s) and middle-aged (58 ± 11 s) adults. Regression analysis indicated that the explanatory variables for the Pegboard times of young ( R ^2 = 0.33) and middle-aged ( R ^2 = 0.78) adults were the times for the peg insertion and return phases, whereas the predictors for old adults ( R ^2 = 0.49) were the times for the peg selection and transport phases. The relative influence of peg-manipulation capabilities on a Pegboard Test of manual dexterity was greater for middle-aged adults than for young and old adults.
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Peg-manipulation capabilities during a Test of manual dexterity differ for persons with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals.
Experimental Brain Research, 2017Co-Authors: Awad M Almuklass, Daniel F. Feeney, Diba Mani, Landon D. Hamilton, Roger M EnokaAbstract:Manual dexterity declines with advancing age and the development of neurological disorders. Changes in manual dexterity are frequently quantified as the time it takes to complete the grooved Pegboard Test, which requires individuals to manipulate 25 pegs. The manipulation of each peg involves four phases: selection, transport, insertion, and return. The purpose of the study was to compare the times to complete the four phases of manipulating each peg and the forces applied to the Pegboard during peg selection and insertion in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and age- and sex-matched healthy adults. Multiple-regression models that could explain the variance in Pegboard times for each group of participants were compared to assess the relative significance of the peg-manipulation attributes. The performance of 17 persons with MS (52.2 ± 8.3 years) was compared with 17 control subjects (52.2 ± 11.5 years). The grooved Pegboard Test was performed on a force plate. Pegboard times for the MS group (104 ± 40 s) were longer than those for the Control group (61 ± 15 s). Regression analysis indicated that the Pegboard times for the MS group could be predicted by the time for the peg-selection phase (R 2 = 0.78), whereas the predictors for Control group (R 2 = 0.77) were the times for the peg-transport (partial r = 0.80) and selection (partial r = 0.58) phases. The variance in the time it took the MS participants to complete the grooved Pegboard Test was strongly related to the time required to select each peg, whereas the Pegboard times for the Control subjects depended mostly on the duration of the transport phase but also on the time to select each peg.
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A framework for identifying the adaptations responsible for differences in Pegboard times between middle-aged and older adults☆
Experimental Gerontology, 2017Co-Authors: Landon D. Hamilton, Awad M Almuklass, Ewan Thomas, Roger M EnokaAbstract:Abstract Time to complete two Tests of manual dexterity, the 9-hole Peg Test and Grooved Pegboard Test, increases with advancing age. However, the adaptations responsible for the differences in Pegboard times between middle-aged and older adults are largely unknown. Potential mechanisms include neuromuscular characteristics, cognitive function, and cutaneous sensation. To provide a tractable framework to address these gaps in knowledge, the purpose of the current study was to identify the latent variables underlying age-associated differences in time to complete the 9-hole and grooved Pegboard Tests. The approach involved an independent component analysis that identified associations between the two Pegboard times for the two groups of participants with two to six secondary outcomes. The common association across three of the four conditions (two groups and two Pegboard Tests) was features derived from force-matching tasks requiring submaximal isometric contraction. In addition, there were significant associations for older adults between age, measures of cognitive function, and Pegboard times. Nonetheless, the significant associations were unique for each age group and Pegboard Test. The results provide a framework for subsequent mechanistic studies to identify the adaptations underlying age-associated declines in manual dexterity.
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force steadiness as a predictor of time to complete a Pegboard Test of dexterity in young men and women
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Awad M Almuklass, Ryan C Price, Jeffrey R Gould, Roger M EnokaAbstract:The time it takes young adults to complete a Pegboard Test of manual dexterity appears to depend on the relative emphasis they place on accuracy and speed when performing the Test. Moreover, the pe...