The Experts below are selected from a list of 231 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Govindaraj Dev Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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postharvest control of escherichia coli o157 h7 on romaine lettuce using a novel Pelargonic Acid sanitizer
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2021Co-Authors: Samuel Cimowsky, Vijay K Juneja, Govindaraj Dev Kumar, Andre Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro Da Silva, E H White, William L Kerr, Camila Rodrigues, Laurel L DunnAbstract:Abstract A novel Pelargonic Acid (Pel) emulsion was evaluated for its ability to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 on romaine lettuce and cross-contamination The Pel emulsion was tested at concentrations of 7.50, 30, and 50 mM and compared to 80 ppm peroxyacetic Acid (PAA), 200 ppm free chlorine (hypochlorous Acid), sterile deionized water (SDW), and a no-rinse treatment. Efficacy of all sanitizer treatments was also examined in presence of organic matter (0.5% w/v romaine lettuce puree) in wash water. Sanitizer efficacy and impact on lettuce quality were examined after storing for 7 days at 4 °C. Overall, Pel emulsions at 30 and 50 mM significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 by ≥ 0.6 log CFU/g immediately post-wash compared to all other treatments. Pel at 30 and 50 mM also performed significantly better than all wash treatments after 24 h and 7 d storage. Compared to the SDW treatment (4.9 log CFU/g at 0 h), All sanitizer treatments effectively limited cross-contamination by more than 3 log CFU/g, regardless of time interval or the presence of organic load. However, Pel exerted phytotoxic activity on lettuce leaves, so reformulation for produce washing or alternative applications such as non-food contact surface sanitation may be more appropriate.
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postharvest reduction of salmonella enterica on tomatoes using a Pelargonic Acid emulsion
Foods, 2021Co-Authors: E H White, Samuel Cimowsky, Govindaraj Dev Kumar, Andre Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro Da Silva, William L Kerr, Andrew J Widmer, Laurel L DunnAbstract:A novel produce wash consisting of Pelargonic Acid (PEL) emulsions was tested on tomatoes contaminated with a five-serovar Salmonella enterica cocktail. Ability to reduce contamination on the inoculated tomato surface, as well as mitigation of subsequent cross-contamination to uninoculated tomatoes washed in re-used/spent wash water were examined. Sanitizer efficacy was also examined over 1 and 7 d storage time (8 °C, recommended for red ripe tomatoes) and in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) organic load. PEL performed statistically the same (p ≤ 0.05) at both 30 mM and 50 mM concentrations and resulted in greater than 1, 5 and 6 log CFU/g Salmonella reductions at 0 h, 1 d and 7 d, respectively, when compared to a water-only or no rinse (NR) treatment. This was also a significantly greater reduction than was observed due to chlorine (sodium hypochlorite) and peroxyacetic Acid (PAA) at all time points (p ≤ 0.01). Organic load had no impact on sanitizer efficacy for all examined treatments. Finally, PEL had a deleterious impact on tomato texture. At 1 d, ca. 5 N and 7 N were required to achieve tomato skin penetration and compression, respectively, compared to >9 N and 15 N required by all other treatments (p ≤ 0.05). While PEL sanitizers effectively reduced inoculated Salmonella and subsequent transfer to uninoculated tomatoes, reformulation may be necessary to prevent deleterious quality impacts on produce.
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antimicrobial efficacy of Pelargonic Acid micelles against salmonella varies by surfactant serotype and stress response
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Govindaraj Dev Kumar, Kevin Mis Solval, Abhinav Mishra, Dumitru MacarisinAbstract:The antimicrobial properties of Pelargonic Acid (PA), a component of tomatoes, makes it an attractive candidate as a food additive and sanitizer. The antimicrobial efficacy of PA emulsions generated using surfactants: Tween 80, Triton X100, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Quillaja Saponin was evaluated against Salmonella serotypes Newport, Oranienburg and Typhimurium. Micelle/dropletsize, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. Surfactant type and concentration significantly influenced the antimicrobial efficacy of PA (p 5 µm). Additionally, Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium and Newport also formed floccular biofilms. PA emulsions at a concentration of 31.25 mM generated using 1% SDS and 1% Quillaja saponin resulted in >6 log CFU/ml reduction in Salmonella population. Althought all PA emulsions evalauted inhibited Salmonella, morphological changes to this antimicrobial varied substantially among the Salmonella serotypes tested.
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salmonella enterica filamentation induced by Pelargonic Acid is a transient morphotype
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2019Co-Authors: Govindaraj Dev Kumar, Dumitru Macarisin, Shirley A MicallefAbstract:ABSTRACT Under stressful conditions, Salmonella enterica forms multinucleated elongated filaments. The triggers and outcomes of filamentation are not well characterized. S. enterica serotypes Newport, Javiana, and Typhimurium were evaluated for their ability to form filaments upon exposure to 20 mM Pelargonic Acid. S. Newport was used as a model to investigate the progression and fate of filamentation via culturable population size, cell length, and viability assays. All serotypes displayed filament formation after 16 h of incubation. Pelargonic Acid amendment of tryptic soy broth (TSBpel) produced a 5-log CFU reduction compared to TSB after 24 h (P IMPORTANCE Some bacteria form elongated multinucleated structures, or filaments, when exposed to stress. The filamentous form of foodborne bacterial pathogens can interfere with food protection practices and diagnostic testing. Filamentation in Salmonella enterica Newport was investigated in response to Pelargonic Acid, a compound naturally found in several fruit and vegetables, and also used commercially as an herbicide. Salmonella readily formed filaments when exposed to Pelargonic Acid. Filaments were not stable, however, and fragmented to individual cells even when the fatty Acid was still present, recovering fully when the stress was alleviated. A deeper exploration of the molecular mechanisms regulating filamentation and the conditions that induce it in agriculture and the food supply chain is needed to devise strategies that curb this response.
Merritt J Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the economic value of Pelargonic Acid as a natural herbicide in sweet bell peppers
2016 Annual Meeting February 6-9 2016 San Antonio Texas, 2016Co-Authors: Merritt J Taylor, Charles L Webber, James W ShreflerAbstract:Pelargonic Acid, although not certified as organic, is naturally occurring in many plants, animals, and foods. It is also phytotoxic to plants as a contact herbicide, injuring and killing plants by destroying the cell membrane. Vegetable producers would benefit from additional herbicide options that are safe to the crop, naturally occurring, and provide effective weed control. Research was conducted in southeastern Oklahoma to determine the impact of Pelargonic Acid on weed control efficacy, crop injury, green pepper (Capsicum annuum) yields, and the cost/benefits associated with the various levels of this herbicide. The experiment included Pelargonic Acid applied unshielded post-directed at 5, 10, and 15 lb/a, plus an untreated weedy control and an untreated weed-free check. The 15 lb/a (9% v:v) Pelargonic Acid treatment resulted in the maximum smooth crabgrass control (56%) and broadleaf weed control (66%) at 1 day after the initial spray treatment (DAIT), and 33% yellow nutsedge control at 3 DAIT. Only the 15 lb/a Pelargonic Acid application produced greater fruit per acre (58,012 fruit/acre) and yields (10,204 lb/acre) than the weedy control (14,516 fruit/acre and 3,409 lb/acre). The highest level of Pelargonic Acid (15 lb/a) provided 2.8 times the gross revenue as that of the weedy control.
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weed control in sweet bell pepper using sequential postdirected applications of Pelargonic Acid
Horttechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Charles L Webber, Merritt J Taylor, James W ShreflerAbstract:Pepper (Capsicum annuum) producers would benefit from additional herbicide options that are safe to the crop and provide effective weed control. Research was conducted in southeastern Oklahoma (Atoka County, Lane, OK) during 2010 and 2011 to determine the impact of Pelargonic Acid on weed control efficacy, crop injury, and pepper yields. The experiment included Pelargonic Acid applied unshielded post-directed at 5, 10, and 15 lb/acre, plus an untreated weedy control and an untreated weed-free control. 'Jupiter' sweet bell pepper, a tobacco mosaic virus resistant sweet pepper with a 70-d day maturity, was transplanted into single rows on raised 3-ft centered beds with 18 inches between plants (9,680 plants/acre) on 28 May 2010 and 27 May 2011, respectively. Weeds included smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum), cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata), spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Pelargonic Acid was post-directed applied each year in mid-June and then reapplied 8 days later. The 15 lb/acre Pelargonic Acid treatment resulted in the maximum smooth crabgrass control (56%) and broadleaf weed control (66%) at 1 day after the initial spray treatment (DAIT), and 33% yellow nutsedge control at 3 DAIT. Pelargonic Acid at 15 lb/acre provided equal or slightly greater smooth crabgrass and broadleaf (cutleaf groundcherry and spiny amaranth) control compared to the 10 lb/acre application, and consistently greater control than the 5 lb/acre rate and the weedy control. Pelargonic Acid was less effective at controlling yellow nutsedge than smooth crabgrass and broadleaf weeds. As the rate of Pelargonic Acid increased from 5 to 15 lb/acre, yellow nutsedge control also increased significantly for all observation dates. Increasing the Pelargonic Acid application rate increased the crop injury rating. The maximum crop injury occurred for each application rate at 1 DAIT with 7%, 8.0%, and 13.8% injury for Pelargonic Acid rates 5, 10, and 15 lb/acre, respectively. There was little or no new crop injury after the second post-directed application of Pelargonic Acid and crop injury following 3 DAIT for application rates was 2% or less. Only the 15 lb/acre Pelargonic Acid application produced greater fruit per hectare (4784 fruit/ha) and yields (58.65 kg·ha(-1)) than the weedy control (1196 fruit/ha and 19.59 kg·ha(-1)). The weed-free yields (7176 fruit/ha, 178.11 kg·ha(-1), and 24.82 g/fruit) were significantly greater than all Pelargonic Acid treatments and the weedy control. Pelargonic Acid provided unsatisfactory weed control for all rates and did not significantly benefit from the sequential applications. The authors suggest the Pelargonic Acid be applied to smaller weeds to increase the weed control to acceptable levels (>80%).
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adjuvants affect duckweed lemna minor control with Pelargonic Acid
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Charles L Webber, James W Shrefler, Merritt J TaylorAbstract:Duckweeds (Lemna spp.) are small, free floating aquatic plants that flourish on stagnant or slow moving water surfaces throughout the world. Members of the genus are among the smallest flowering plants, providing food for fish and fowl, but their aggressive growth and invasive tendencies make them formidable aquatic weeds, which when uncontrolled can result in oxygen depletion, fish kills, and death of submerged aquatic plants. Pelargonic Acid is a fatty Acid naturally occurring in many plants and animals, and present in many foods. AXXE® (65% Pelargonic Acid, BioSafe Systems LLC) is a potential organic herbicide. Research was conducted to determine the impact of spray adjuvants on duckweed control with Pelargonic Acid. Duckweed was sprayed with 7 Pelargonic Acid concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% v/v) combined with 1 of 3 adjuvant treatments [control, BioLink (30% garlic extracts, 10% yucca extracts, and 60% water) at 0.5% v:v, and orange oil (90% d’limonene and 10% inert ingredients) at 0.5% v:v)]. Visual ratings, measuring percentage duckweed control (percentage dead), were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 days after treatment (DAT). The experiment was conductive twice using 5 replications. Pelargonic Acid phytotoxicity increased as spray concentration increased whether an adjuvant was used or not. The 6% Pelargonic Acid concentration resulted in 90% or greater duckweed control for all adjuvant treatments (control, BioLink, and Orange Oil) across all evaluation dates (1 – 11 DAT). The addition of either adjuvant applied at the 6% Pelargonic Acid concentration produced consistently greater duckweed control across all evaluation dates (1 – 11 DAT) compared to the control (no adjuvant). The 8% Pelargonic Acid rate produced excellent (97% or greater) duckweed control for all adjuvant treatments, with consistently better control with the BioLink adjuvant and typically with the orange oil, compared to the control. At the 10% rate all treatments provided outstanding (99% or greater) control at all evaluation dates, with no significant differences among adjuvant treatments. The research demonstrated the effectiveness of Pelargonic Acid in controlling duckweed when applied over-the-top. The addition of the BioLink adjuvant often increased the duckweed control compared to the control (no adjuvant). The authors suggest that further research should investigate whether higher rates of these adjuvants or the use other adjuvants would provide satisfactory duckweed control at lower Pelargonic Acid application rates and the economic implications of the changes.
S Chrubasik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of the effects of Pelargonic Acid vanillylamide and capsaicin on human vanilloid receptors
Phytotherapy Research, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas Weiser, Basil D Roufogalis, S ChrubasikAbstract:Pelargonic Acid vanillylamide is like capsaicin a natural capsaicinoid from chili peppers and commonly used in food additives to create a hot sensation, even in self-defense pepper sprays and as an alternative to capsaicin in medical products for topical treatment of pain. Although the chemical structures of both compounds are similar, preclinical data suggest that capsaicin is the more potent compound. We therefore performed voltage-clamp recordings using cells transfected with the human vanilloid receptor TRPV1 in order to assess the responses of Pelargonic Acid vanillylamide and capsaicin at the receptor level. We provide evidence that at the molecular target TRPV1, the concentration-response curves, kinetics of current activation, as well as inhibition by the competitive antagonist capsazepine were not significantly different between the two capsaicinoids. We suggest that the different effects of the two capsaicinoids observed in previous studies may rather be due to different physicochemical or pharmacokinetic properties than to different pharmacological profiles at the receptor level.
James W Shrefler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the economic value of Pelargonic Acid as a natural herbicide in sweet bell peppers
2016 Annual Meeting February 6-9 2016 San Antonio Texas, 2016Co-Authors: Merritt J Taylor, Charles L Webber, James W ShreflerAbstract:Pelargonic Acid, although not certified as organic, is naturally occurring in many plants, animals, and foods. It is also phytotoxic to plants as a contact herbicide, injuring and killing plants by destroying the cell membrane. Vegetable producers would benefit from additional herbicide options that are safe to the crop, naturally occurring, and provide effective weed control. Research was conducted in southeastern Oklahoma to determine the impact of Pelargonic Acid on weed control efficacy, crop injury, green pepper (Capsicum annuum) yields, and the cost/benefits associated with the various levels of this herbicide. The experiment included Pelargonic Acid applied unshielded post-directed at 5, 10, and 15 lb/a, plus an untreated weedy control and an untreated weed-free check. The 15 lb/a (9% v:v) Pelargonic Acid treatment resulted in the maximum smooth crabgrass control (56%) and broadleaf weed control (66%) at 1 day after the initial spray treatment (DAIT), and 33% yellow nutsedge control at 3 DAIT. Only the 15 lb/a Pelargonic Acid application produced greater fruit per acre (58,012 fruit/acre) and yields (10,204 lb/acre) than the weedy control (14,516 fruit/acre and 3,409 lb/acre). The highest level of Pelargonic Acid (15 lb/a) provided 2.8 times the gross revenue as that of the weedy control.
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weed control in sweet bell pepper using sequential postdirected applications of Pelargonic Acid
Horttechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Charles L Webber, Merritt J Taylor, James W ShreflerAbstract:Pepper (Capsicum annuum) producers would benefit from additional herbicide options that are safe to the crop and provide effective weed control. Research was conducted in southeastern Oklahoma (Atoka County, Lane, OK) during 2010 and 2011 to determine the impact of Pelargonic Acid on weed control efficacy, crop injury, and pepper yields. The experiment included Pelargonic Acid applied unshielded post-directed at 5, 10, and 15 lb/acre, plus an untreated weedy control and an untreated weed-free control. 'Jupiter' sweet bell pepper, a tobacco mosaic virus resistant sweet pepper with a 70-d day maturity, was transplanted into single rows on raised 3-ft centered beds with 18 inches between plants (9,680 plants/acre) on 28 May 2010 and 27 May 2011, respectively. Weeds included smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum), cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata), spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Pelargonic Acid was post-directed applied each year in mid-June and then reapplied 8 days later. The 15 lb/acre Pelargonic Acid treatment resulted in the maximum smooth crabgrass control (56%) and broadleaf weed control (66%) at 1 day after the initial spray treatment (DAIT), and 33% yellow nutsedge control at 3 DAIT. Pelargonic Acid at 15 lb/acre provided equal or slightly greater smooth crabgrass and broadleaf (cutleaf groundcherry and spiny amaranth) control compared to the 10 lb/acre application, and consistently greater control than the 5 lb/acre rate and the weedy control. Pelargonic Acid was less effective at controlling yellow nutsedge than smooth crabgrass and broadleaf weeds. As the rate of Pelargonic Acid increased from 5 to 15 lb/acre, yellow nutsedge control also increased significantly for all observation dates. Increasing the Pelargonic Acid application rate increased the crop injury rating. The maximum crop injury occurred for each application rate at 1 DAIT with 7%, 8.0%, and 13.8% injury for Pelargonic Acid rates 5, 10, and 15 lb/acre, respectively. There was little or no new crop injury after the second post-directed application of Pelargonic Acid and crop injury following 3 DAIT for application rates was 2% or less. Only the 15 lb/acre Pelargonic Acid application produced greater fruit per hectare (4784 fruit/ha) and yields (58.65 kg·ha(-1)) than the weedy control (1196 fruit/ha and 19.59 kg·ha(-1)). The weed-free yields (7176 fruit/ha, 178.11 kg·ha(-1), and 24.82 g/fruit) were significantly greater than all Pelargonic Acid treatments and the weedy control. Pelargonic Acid provided unsatisfactory weed control for all rates and did not significantly benefit from the sequential applications. The authors suggest the Pelargonic Acid be applied to smaller weeds to increase the weed control to acceptable levels (>80%).
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adjuvants affect duckweed lemna minor control with Pelargonic Acid
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Charles L Webber, James W Shrefler, Merritt J TaylorAbstract:Duckweeds (Lemna spp.) are small, free floating aquatic plants that flourish on stagnant or slow moving water surfaces throughout the world. Members of the genus are among the smallest flowering plants, providing food for fish and fowl, but their aggressive growth and invasive tendencies make them formidable aquatic weeds, which when uncontrolled can result in oxygen depletion, fish kills, and death of submerged aquatic plants. Pelargonic Acid is a fatty Acid naturally occurring in many plants and animals, and present in many foods. AXXE® (65% Pelargonic Acid, BioSafe Systems LLC) is a potential organic herbicide. Research was conducted to determine the impact of spray adjuvants on duckweed control with Pelargonic Acid. Duckweed was sprayed with 7 Pelargonic Acid concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% v/v) combined with 1 of 3 adjuvant treatments [control, BioLink (30% garlic extracts, 10% yucca extracts, and 60% water) at 0.5% v:v, and orange oil (90% d’limonene and 10% inert ingredients) at 0.5% v:v)]. Visual ratings, measuring percentage duckweed control (percentage dead), were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 days after treatment (DAT). The experiment was conductive twice using 5 replications. Pelargonic Acid phytotoxicity increased as spray concentration increased whether an adjuvant was used or not. The 6% Pelargonic Acid concentration resulted in 90% or greater duckweed control for all adjuvant treatments (control, BioLink, and Orange Oil) across all evaluation dates (1 – 11 DAT). The addition of either adjuvant applied at the 6% Pelargonic Acid concentration produced consistently greater duckweed control across all evaluation dates (1 – 11 DAT) compared to the control (no adjuvant). The 8% Pelargonic Acid rate produced excellent (97% or greater) duckweed control for all adjuvant treatments, with consistently better control with the BioLink adjuvant and typically with the orange oil, compared to the control. At the 10% rate all treatments provided outstanding (99% or greater) control at all evaluation dates, with no significant differences among adjuvant treatments. The research demonstrated the effectiveness of Pelargonic Acid in controlling duckweed when applied over-the-top. The addition of the BioLink adjuvant often increased the duckweed control compared to the control (no adjuvant). The authors suggest that further research should investigate whether higher rates of these adjuvants or the use other adjuvants would provide satisfactory duckweed control at lower Pelargonic Acid application rates and the economic implications of the changes.
Charles L Webber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the economic value of Pelargonic Acid as a natural herbicide in sweet bell peppers
2016 Annual Meeting February 6-9 2016 San Antonio Texas, 2016Co-Authors: Merritt J Taylor, Charles L Webber, James W ShreflerAbstract:Pelargonic Acid, although not certified as organic, is naturally occurring in many plants, animals, and foods. It is also phytotoxic to plants as a contact herbicide, injuring and killing plants by destroying the cell membrane. Vegetable producers would benefit from additional herbicide options that are safe to the crop, naturally occurring, and provide effective weed control. Research was conducted in southeastern Oklahoma to determine the impact of Pelargonic Acid on weed control efficacy, crop injury, green pepper (Capsicum annuum) yields, and the cost/benefits associated with the various levels of this herbicide. The experiment included Pelargonic Acid applied unshielded post-directed at 5, 10, and 15 lb/a, plus an untreated weedy control and an untreated weed-free check. The 15 lb/a (9% v:v) Pelargonic Acid treatment resulted in the maximum smooth crabgrass control (56%) and broadleaf weed control (66%) at 1 day after the initial spray treatment (DAIT), and 33% yellow nutsedge control at 3 DAIT. Only the 15 lb/a Pelargonic Acid application produced greater fruit per acre (58,012 fruit/acre) and yields (10,204 lb/acre) than the weedy control (14,516 fruit/acre and 3,409 lb/acre). The highest level of Pelargonic Acid (15 lb/a) provided 2.8 times the gross revenue as that of the weedy control.
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weed control in sweet bell pepper using sequential postdirected applications of Pelargonic Acid
Horttechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Charles L Webber, Merritt J Taylor, James W ShreflerAbstract:Pepper (Capsicum annuum) producers would benefit from additional herbicide options that are safe to the crop and provide effective weed control. Research was conducted in southeastern Oklahoma (Atoka County, Lane, OK) during 2010 and 2011 to determine the impact of Pelargonic Acid on weed control efficacy, crop injury, and pepper yields. The experiment included Pelargonic Acid applied unshielded post-directed at 5, 10, and 15 lb/acre, plus an untreated weedy control and an untreated weed-free control. 'Jupiter' sweet bell pepper, a tobacco mosaic virus resistant sweet pepper with a 70-d day maturity, was transplanted into single rows on raised 3-ft centered beds with 18 inches between plants (9,680 plants/acre) on 28 May 2010 and 27 May 2011, respectively. Weeds included smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum), cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata), spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Pelargonic Acid was post-directed applied each year in mid-June and then reapplied 8 days later. The 15 lb/acre Pelargonic Acid treatment resulted in the maximum smooth crabgrass control (56%) and broadleaf weed control (66%) at 1 day after the initial spray treatment (DAIT), and 33% yellow nutsedge control at 3 DAIT. Pelargonic Acid at 15 lb/acre provided equal or slightly greater smooth crabgrass and broadleaf (cutleaf groundcherry and spiny amaranth) control compared to the 10 lb/acre application, and consistently greater control than the 5 lb/acre rate and the weedy control. Pelargonic Acid was less effective at controlling yellow nutsedge than smooth crabgrass and broadleaf weeds. As the rate of Pelargonic Acid increased from 5 to 15 lb/acre, yellow nutsedge control also increased significantly for all observation dates. Increasing the Pelargonic Acid application rate increased the crop injury rating. The maximum crop injury occurred for each application rate at 1 DAIT with 7%, 8.0%, and 13.8% injury for Pelargonic Acid rates 5, 10, and 15 lb/acre, respectively. There was little or no new crop injury after the second post-directed application of Pelargonic Acid and crop injury following 3 DAIT for application rates was 2% or less. Only the 15 lb/acre Pelargonic Acid application produced greater fruit per hectare (4784 fruit/ha) and yields (58.65 kg·ha(-1)) than the weedy control (1196 fruit/ha and 19.59 kg·ha(-1)). The weed-free yields (7176 fruit/ha, 178.11 kg·ha(-1), and 24.82 g/fruit) were significantly greater than all Pelargonic Acid treatments and the weedy control. Pelargonic Acid provided unsatisfactory weed control for all rates and did not significantly benefit from the sequential applications. The authors suggest the Pelargonic Acid be applied to smaller weeds to increase the weed control to acceptable levels (>80%).
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adjuvants affect duckweed lemna minor control with Pelargonic Acid
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Charles L Webber, James W Shrefler, Merritt J TaylorAbstract:Duckweeds (Lemna spp.) are small, free floating aquatic plants that flourish on stagnant or slow moving water surfaces throughout the world. Members of the genus are among the smallest flowering plants, providing food for fish and fowl, but their aggressive growth and invasive tendencies make them formidable aquatic weeds, which when uncontrolled can result in oxygen depletion, fish kills, and death of submerged aquatic plants. Pelargonic Acid is a fatty Acid naturally occurring in many plants and animals, and present in many foods. AXXE® (65% Pelargonic Acid, BioSafe Systems LLC) is a potential organic herbicide. Research was conducted to determine the impact of spray adjuvants on duckweed control with Pelargonic Acid. Duckweed was sprayed with 7 Pelargonic Acid concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% v/v) combined with 1 of 3 adjuvant treatments [control, BioLink (30% garlic extracts, 10% yucca extracts, and 60% water) at 0.5% v:v, and orange oil (90% d’limonene and 10% inert ingredients) at 0.5% v:v)]. Visual ratings, measuring percentage duckweed control (percentage dead), were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 days after treatment (DAT). The experiment was conductive twice using 5 replications. Pelargonic Acid phytotoxicity increased as spray concentration increased whether an adjuvant was used or not. The 6% Pelargonic Acid concentration resulted in 90% or greater duckweed control for all adjuvant treatments (control, BioLink, and Orange Oil) across all evaluation dates (1 – 11 DAT). The addition of either adjuvant applied at the 6% Pelargonic Acid concentration produced consistently greater duckweed control across all evaluation dates (1 – 11 DAT) compared to the control (no adjuvant). The 8% Pelargonic Acid rate produced excellent (97% or greater) duckweed control for all adjuvant treatments, with consistently better control with the BioLink adjuvant and typically with the orange oil, compared to the control. At the 10% rate all treatments provided outstanding (99% or greater) control at all evaluation dates, with no significant differences among adjuvant treatments. The research demonstrated the effectiveness of Pelargonic Acid in controlling duckweed when applied over-the-top. The addition of the BioLink adjuvant often increased the duckweed control compared to the control (no adjuvant). The authors suggest that further research should investigate whether higher rates of these adjuvants or the use other adjuvants would provide satisfactory duckweed control at lower Pelargonic Acid application rates and the economic implications of the changes.