The Experts below are selected from a list of 1032 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Hakewill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Printed in Great Britain An Outbreak of Pellagra Related to Changes in Dietary Niacin among Mozambican Refugees in Malawi
2016Co-Authors: Philippe Malfait, Alain Moren, Jean Claude Dillon, Alice Brodel, Genevieve Begkoyian, Marc Gastellu Etchegorry, Grace Malenga, Peter HakewillAbstract:M G, Malenga G and Hakewill P. An outbreak of Pellagra related to changes in dietary niacin among Mozambica
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an outbreak of Pellagra related to changes in dietary niacin among mozambican refugees in malawi
International Journal of Epidemiology, 1993Co-Authors: Philippe Malfait, Alain Moren, Jean Claude Dillon, Alice Brodel, Genevieve Begkoyian, Marc Gastellu Etchegorry, Grace Malenga, Peter HakewillAbstract:Between February and October 1990, 18,276 cases of Pellagra dermatitis (due to niacin deficiency) were reported among 285,942 Mozambican refugees in Malawi. Overall, 6.3% of the refugee population developed Pellagra and the attack rate was 7.8 times higher among women than men. This outbreak followed a 5-month cessation of groundnut distribution (the major source of niacin) to refugees. A matched-pair case-control study confirmed the protective role of the daily consumption of groundnuts (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.08), as well as the independent role of garden ownership (OR = 0.34), and home maize milling (OR = 0.3). Recommended corrective action included early case finding and treatment, distribution of niacin tablets, prompt identification of groundnut supply on the world market, fortification with niacin of the food ration and diversification of the food basket through access to local markets.
Philippe Malfait - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Printed in Great Britain An Outbreak of Pellagra Related to Changes in Dietary Niacin among Mozambican Refugees in Malawi
2016Co-Authors: Philippe Malfait, Alain Moren, Jean Claude Dillon, Alice Brodel, Genevieve Begkoyian, Marc Gastellu Etchegorry, Grace Malenga, Peter HakewillAbstract:M G, Malenga G and Hakewill P. An outbreak of Pellagra related to changes in dietary niacin among Mozambica
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an outbreak of Pellagra related to changes in dietary niacin among mozambican refugees in malawi
International Journal of Epidemiology, 1993Co-Authors: Philippe Malfait, Alain Moren, Jean Claude Dillon, Alice Brodel, Genevieve Begkoyian, Marc Gastellu Etchegorry, Grace Malenga, Peter HakewillAbstract:Between February and October 1990, 18,276 cases of Pellagra dermatitis (due to niacin deficiency) were reported among 285,942 Mozambican refugees in Malawi. Overall, 6.3% of the refugee population developed Pellagra and the attack rate was 7.8 times higher among women than men. This outbreak followed a 5-month cessation of groundnut distribution (the major source of niacin) to refugees. A matched-pair case-control study confirmed the protective role of the daily consumption of groundnuts (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.08), as well as the independent role of garden ownership (OR = 0.34), and home maize milling (OR = 0.3). Recommended corrective action included early case finding and treatment, distribution of niacin tablets, prompt identification of groundnut supply on the world market, fortification with niacin of the food ration and diversification of the food basket through access to local markets.
G E Berrios - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pellagra encephalopathy in the context of alcoholism review and case report
Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2014Co-Authors: Marta Lopez, J M Olivares, G E BerriosAbstract:Aims: The aim of the study was to review and describe the Alcoholic Pellagra Encephalopathy, a severe neuropsychiatric condition caused by a combination of niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency and alcohol abuse. Methods: PsychInfo, Medline and Embase databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies addressing this illness. Results: A historical and conceptual review of the psycho- pathological aspects of this condition is offered, followed by the report of a patient with a history of chronic alcohol consumption showing signs of Pellagra, delusions and visual hallucinations, which was treated successfully with niacin. Conclusion: Pellagra encephalopathy should still be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute psychotic disorders seen in the context of chronic alcoholism.
Alfredo Morabia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Joseph Goldberger’s research on the prevention of Pellagra
2016Co-Authors: Alfredo MorabiaAbstract:Pellagra was first identified among Spanish peas-ants by Don Gaspar Casal in 1735. A loathsome skin disease, it was called ‘mal de la rosa ’ and often mistaken for leprosy. Pellagra has sometimes been called the disease of the four Ds – dermatitis, diar-rhoea, dementia and death. In 1937 it was dis-covered that Pellagrawas caused by a deficiency of the B vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid). The body’s synthesis of this vitamin depends on the avail-ability of the essential amino acid tryptophan, which is found inmilk, cheese, fish,meat and eggs. Two decades before the discovery of niacin, how-ever, epidemiological and clinical research done by Joseph Goldberger and his colleagues had identified that Pellagra could be prevented by im
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the thompson mcfadden commission and joseph goldberger contrasting 2 historical investigations of Pellagra in cotton mill villages in south carolina
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2014Co-Authors: Stephen J Mooney, Justin Knox, Alfredo MorabiaAbstract:As Pellagra reached epidemic proportions in the United States in the early 20th century, 2 teams of investigators assessed its incidence in cotton mill villages in South Carolina. The first, the Thompson-McFadden Commission, concluded that Pellagra was likely infectious. The second, a Public Health Service investigation led by Joseph Goldberger, concluded that Pellagra was caused by a dietary deficiency. In this paper, we recount the history of the 2 investigations and consider how the differences between the 2 studies' designs, measurements, analyses, and interpretations led to different conclusions. Because the novel dietary assessment strategy was a key feature of the Public Health Service's study design, we incorporated simulated measurement error in a reanalysis of the Public Health Service's data to assess whether this specific difference affected the divergent conclusions.
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joseph goldberger s research on the prevention of Pellagra
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Alfredo MorabiaAbstract:Pellagra was first identified among Spanish peasants by Don Gaspar Casal in 1735. A loathsome skin disease, it was called ‘mal de la rosa’ and often mistaken for leprosy. Pellagra has sometimes been called the disease of the four Ds – dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia and death. In 1937 it was discovered that Pellagra was caused by a deficiency of the B vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid). The body's synthesis of this vitamin depends on the availability of the essential amino acid tryptophan, which is found in milk, cheese, fish, meat and eggs. Two decades before the discovery of niacin, however, epidemiological and clinical research done by Joseph Goldberger and his colleagues had identified that Pellagra could be prevented by improved diet. By 1912, the state of South Carolina alone had reported 30,000 cases of Pellagra, with a case fatality rate of 40%. The disease was not confined to Southern states, however, and the US Congress asked the Surgeon General to investigate the disease. In 1914 he appointed Joseph Goldberger (1874–1929), a medical officer in the US Public Health Service, to lead the investigation. Even though some scientists such as Theophile Roussel1 and Casimir Funk2 argued that Pellagra was caused by something inadequate in the diet, the disease was generally thought to be due to an unidentified germ. This opinion had received strong support in 1914 by the Thompson-McFadden Pellagra Commission. This Commission, which had been set up by the US government, had conducted a house-to-house survey of Pellagra cases in the cotton mill districts in South Carolina and concluded that the disease was unrelated to diet. Goldberger had a different opinion. He had observed that, in mental hospitals and orphanages, the disease affected inmates but never staff. Also, well-to-do people seemed never to develop the condition. Goldberger believed that an infectious disease was unlikely to distinguish between inmates and employees or so systematically between rich and poor, and he favoured the hypothesis that a superior diet protected people from Pellagra. He had also in mind the case of beri-beri, a disease which had recently been shown to be responsive to dietary interventions.3–5 In 1914 Goldberger designed and implemented two experiments to assess whether improving the diet of institutionalized children and adults would prevent Pellagra. The first set of institutions studied were two orphanages with a high incidence of Pellagra in Jackson, Mississippi. Goldberger and his colleagues noted that the disease affected only children between 6 and 12 years of age and observed that ‘after a detailed inquiry, the only explanation that could be found for the remarkable restriction of the disease to this group was a difference in the diet of the resident groups’.6 Their diet was poor in lean meat or other animal protein food. A parallel and analogous experiment was conducted in two women's wards (one for black patients, the other for white patients) in the Georgia State Sanitarium, the largest asylum in the South. This institution admitted a large number of patients with Pellagra every year, but the objective of the study was to assess the effects of the dietary intervention in preventing recurrence of the condition, not for treatment.
Gabor G Kovacs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pellagra encephalopathy as a differential diagnosis for creutzfeldt jakob disease
Metabolic Brain Disease, 2012Co-Authors: Istvan Kapas, Katalin Majtenyi, Klara Toro, Eva Keller, Till Voigtlander, Gabor G KovacsAbstract:In the present study we evaluated cases referred as suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Five out of 59 without prion disease showed neuropathological features of Pellagra encephalopathy with widespread chromatolytic neurons (age range 40–48 years at death; one woman). These patients presented with a progressive neuropsychiatric disorder lasting for 2 to 24 months. Common symptoms included gait disorder, para- or tetraspasticity, extrapyramidal symptoms, incontinence, and myoclonus. Protein 14-3-3 in the cerebrospinal fluid was examined in a single patient and was positive, allowing the clinical classification as probable sporadic CJD. Pellagra encephalopathy may be considered as a differential diagnosis of CJD including detection of protein 14-3-3.