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Li Yao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pendimethalin nitroreductase is responsible for the initial Pendimethalin degradation step in bacillus subtilis y3
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Fei Wang, Li Yao, Chen Dai, Qing HongAbstract:ABSTRACT Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine] is a selective preemergence dinitroaniline herbicide. Several fungi and bacteria have been reported to degrade Pendimethalin, but the enzymes or genes involved in this process have not been characterized. Nitroreduction is the initial degradation and detoxification step for Pendimethalin. In this study, a Pendimethalin nitroreductase (PNR), responsible for the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin, was purified from the Pendimethalin-degrading strain Bacillus subtilis Y3. Based on a comparison of its mass fingerprints with all of the deduced proteins from the draft genome of strain Y3, a protein annotated as a nitroreductase was identified, and its corresponding encoding gene was termed pnr. PNR was a functional homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa. PNR reduced the C-6 nitro group of the aromatic ring of Pendimethalin, yielding 2-nitro-6-amino-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine. PNR could also catalyze the nitroreduction of three other major varieties of dinitroaniline herbicides, including butralin, oryzalin, and trifluralin. However, the number of reduced nitro groups was two instead of one, which differed from the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin by PNR and which may be due to the symmetry in the chemical structures of the two nitro groups. A detoxification assay revealed that 2-nitro-6-amino-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine (PNR-reduced Pendimethalin) showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, whereas Pendimethalin showed an obvious inhibitory effect on its growth, indicating the detoxification effect of Pendimethalin by PNR. Therefore, PNR has potential in Pendimethalin detoxification applications. This report describes an enzyme (and corresponding gene) involved in the biodegradation of Pendimethalin and dinitroaniline herbicides. IMPORTANCE Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine] is a widely used selective preemergence dinitroaniline herbicide, and its residue has been frequently detected in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified Pendimethalin as a persistent bioaccumulative toxin. To date, no enzymes or genes involved in Pendimethalin biodegradation have been reported. In the present study, the gene pnr, which encodes the nitroreductase PNR, responsible for the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin, was cloned from the Pendimethalin-degrading strain Bacillus subtilis Y3. PNR could also catalyze the nitroreduction of three other major varieties of dinitroaniline herbicides, including butralin, oryzalin, and trifluralin. The reduction of Pendimethalin by PNR might eliminate its toxicity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, indicating the application potential of PNR in the detoxification of Pendimethalin.
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Biodegradation of Pendimethalin by Bacillus subtilis Y3.
Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2015Co-Authors: Li Yao, Chen Dai, Qin Cao, Jun ZhangAbstract:A bacterium strain Y3, capable of efficiently degrading Pendimethalin, was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. This strain could grow on Pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5% of 100mg/L Pendimethalin within 2.5days in batch liquid culture, demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains. Three metabolic products, 6-aminoPendimethalin, 5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) benzoic acid, and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid, were identified by HPLC-MS/MS, and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed. A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of Pendimethalin to 6-aminoPendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3. The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30°C and 7.5, respectively. Hg(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), Co(2+), Mn(2+) Cu(2+), Ag(+), and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity, whereas Fe(2+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) enhanced it. This study provides an efficient Pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of Pendimethalin.
Jun Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biodegradation of Pendimethalin by Bacillus subtilis Y3.
Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2015Co-Authors: Li Yao, Chen Dai, Qin Cao, Jun ZhangAbstract:A bacterium strain Y3, capable of efficiently degrading Pendimethalin, was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. This strain could grow on Pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5% of 100mg/L Pendimethalin within 2.5days in batch liquid culture, demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains. Three metabolic products, 6-aminoPendimethalin, 5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) benzoic acid, and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid, were identified by HPLC-MS/MS, and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed. A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of Pendimethalin to 6-aminoPendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3. The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30°C and 7.5, respectively. Hg(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), Co(2+), Mn(2+) Cu(2+), Ag(+), and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity, whereas Fe(2+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) enhanced it. This study provides an efficient Pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of Pendimethalin.
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Ecological effect of Pendimethalin on soil microbe
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue, 2002Co-Authors: Lusheng Zhu, Aijun Lin, Jun Wang, Jun Zhang, Bingqiang ZhaoAbstract:The effect of Pendimethalin, a herbicide, on microbial activity in soil was studied here. The results showed that the amount of emission CO2 from three treatment of 1, 5 and 10 micrograms.g-1 of Pendimethalin had no significant differences from the CK. The study of the influences on the degradation of the cellulose demonstrated that Pendimethalin can stimulate the cellulose degradation in the soil. In contrast to the CK, the half-life (T0.5) of 5, 10 micrograms.g-1 treatments were increased to 1.32 times and 2.14 times, respectively. The activities of dehydrogenase were activated in some degrees, and the higher the Pendimethalin concentration the greater and longer the influence. The results also showed that the soil urease activity was restrained, and then, was stimulated by Pendimethalin. The level and the sustained time of inhibition and stimulation was proportional to the concentration of the treatment.
Chen Dai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pendimethalin nitroreductase is responsible for the initial Pendimethalin degradation step in bacillus subtilis y3
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Fei Wang, Li Yao, Chen Dai, Qing HongAbstract:ABSTRACT Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine] is a selective preemergence dinitroaniline herbicide. Several fungi and bacteria have been reported to degrade Pendimethalin, but the enzymes or genes involved in this process have not been characterized. Nitroreduction is the initial degradation and detoxification step for Pendimethalin. In this study, a Pendimethalin nitroreductase (PNR), responsible for the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin, was purified from the Pendimethalin-degrading strain Bacillus subtilis Y3. Based on a comparison of its mass fingerprints with all of the deduced proteins from the draft genome of strain Y3, a protein annotated as a nitroreductase was identified, and its corresponding encoding gene was termed pnr. PNR was a functional homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa. PNR reduced the C-6 nitro group of the aromatic ring of Pendimethalin, yielding 2-nitro-6-amino-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine. PNR could also catalyze the nitroreduction of three other major varieties of dinitroaniline herbicides, including butralin, oryzalin, and trifluralin. However, the number of reduced nitro groups was two instead of one, which differed from the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin by PNR and which may be due to the symmetry in the chemical structures of the two nitro groups. A detoxification assay revealed that 2-nitro-6-amino-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine (PNR-reduced Pendimethalin) showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, whereas Pendimethalin showed an obvious inhibitory effect on its growth, indicating the detoxification effect of Pendimethalin by PNR. Therefore, PNR has potential in Pendimethalin detoxification applications. This report describes an enzyme (and corresponding gene) involved in the biodegradation of Pendimethalin and dinitroaniline herbicides. IMPORTANCE Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine] is a widely used selective preemergence dinitroaniline herbicide, and its residue has been frequently detected in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified Pendimethalin as a persistent bioaccumulative toxin. To date, no enzymes or genes involved in Pendimethalin biodegradation have been reported. In the present study, the gene pnr, which encodes the nitroreductase PNR, responsible for the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin, was cloned from the Pendimethalin-degrading strain Bacillus subtilis Y3. PNR could also catalyze the nitroreduction of three other major varieties of dinitroaniline herbicides, including butralin, oryzalin, and trifluralin. The reduction of Pendimethalin by PNR might eliminate its toxicity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, indicating the application potential of PNR in the detoxification of Pendimethalin.
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Biodegradation of Pendimethalin by Bacillus subtilis Y3.
Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2015Co-Authors: Li Yao, Chen Dai, Qin Cao, Jun ZhangAbstract:A bacterium strain Y3, capable of efficiently degrading Pendimethalin, was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. This strain could grow on Pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5% of 100mg/L Pendimethalin within 2.5days in batch liquid culture, demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains. Three metabolic products, 6-aminoPendimethalin, 5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) benzoic acid, and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid, were identified by HPLC-MS/MS, and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed. A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of Pendimethalin to 6-aminoPendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3. The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30°C and 7.5, respectively. Hg(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), Co(2+), Mn(2+) Cu(2+), Ag(+), and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity, whereas Fe(2+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) enhanced it. This study provides an efficient Pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of Pendimethalin.
Aris Setiawan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EFIKASI CAMPURAN HERBISIDA Pendimethalin DAN SULFENTRAZONE TERHADAP GULMA PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L. MERRILL)
'Badan Penerbitan Fakultas Pertanian (BPFP) Universitas Bengkulu', 2020Co-Authors: Aris SetiawanAbstract:Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas campuran herbisida Pendimethalin dan sulfentrazone terhadap gulma pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala dan Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh yang berlangsung pada bulan Juli - September 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola non faktorial yang terdiri dari 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari herbisida Pendimethalin dosis 1,5 kg b.a ha-1, sulfentrazone 1,5 kg b.a ha-1, Pendimethalin 0,75 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0,75 kg b.a ha-1, Pendimethalin 1 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 1 kg b.a ha-1, Pendimethalin 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 1 kg b.a ha-1, Pendimethalin 1 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 dan Pendimethalin 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0,5 kg b.a ha-1. Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase pengendalian gulma, spesies gulma, populasi gulma dan bobot kering gulma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran herbisida Pendimethalin dan sulfentrazone berpengaruh terhadap persentase pengendalian gulma, spesies gulma, populasi gulma dan bobot kering gulma. Perlakuan campuran herbisida Pendimethalin 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 dapat meningkatkan persentase pengendalian gulma, menurunkan spesies gulma, populasi gulma dan menurunkan bobot kering gulma pada saat panen. Kata kunci : Herbisida Pendimethalin, Herbisida Sulfentrazone, Campuran, Gulma.Abstract. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the herbicide mixture Pendimethalin and sulfentrazone against weeds in soybean plants.. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala and the Weed Science Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh which took place from July to September 2019. This research used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 8 treatment and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of herbicide Pendimethalin at a dose of 1.5 kg a.i ha-1, sulfentrazone 1.5 kg a.i ha-1, Pendimethalin 0.75 kg a.i ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0.75 kg a.i ha-1, Pendimethalin 1 kg a.i ha-1 + sulfentrazone 1 kg a.i ha-1, Pendimethalin 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 + sulfentrazone 1 kg a.i ha-1, Pendimethalin 1 kg a.i ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 and Pendimethalin 0, 5 kg a.i ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0.5 kg a.i ha-1. The variables observed were the percentage of weed control, weed species, weed population and weed dry weight. The results showed that the herbicide mixture Pendimethalin and sulfentrazone affected the percentage of weed control, weed species, weed populations and the dry weight of weeds. The treatment of a mixture of herbicide Pendimethalin 0, 5 kg a.i ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 can increase the percentage of weed control, reduce weed species, weed populations and weed dry weight at harvest. Keywords: Pendimethalin Herbicide, Sulfentrazone Herbicide, Mixture, Weed.Banda Ace
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EFIKASI CAMPURAN HERBISIDA Pendimethalin DAN SULFENTRAZONE TERHADAP GULMA PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L. MERRILL)
'Badan Penerbitan Fakultas Pertanian (BPFP) Universitas Bengkulu', 2020Co-Authors: Aris SetiawanAbstract:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas campuran herbisida Pendimethalin dan sulfentrazone terhadap gulma pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala dan Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh yang berlangsung pada bulan Juli - September 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola non faktorial yang terdiri dari 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari herbisida Pendimethalin dosis 1,5 kg b.a ha-1, sulfentrazone 1,5 kg b.a ha-1, Pendimethalin 0,75 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0,75 kg b.a ha-1,Pendimethalin 1 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 1 kg b.a ha-1, Pendimethalin 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 1 kg b.a ha-1, Pendimethalin 1 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 dan Pendimethalin 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0,5 kg b.a ha-1. Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase pengendalian gulma, spesies gulma, populasi gulma dan bobot kering gulma pada saat panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran herbisida Pendimethalin dan sulfentrazone berpengaruh terhadap persentase pengendalian gulma, spesies gulma, populasi gulma dan bobot kering gulma pada saat panen. Perlakuan campuran herbisida Pendimethalin 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 + sulfentrazone 0,5 kg b.a ha-1 dapat meningkatkan persentase pengendalian gulma, menurunkan spesies gulma, populasi gulma dan bobot kering gulma pada saat panen.Banda Ace
Qing Hong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pendimethalin nitroreductase is responsible for the initial Pendimethalin degradation step in bacillus subtilis y3
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Fei Wang, Li Yao, Chen Dai, Qing HongAbstract:ABSTRACT Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine] is a selective preemergence dinitroaniline herbicide. Several fungi and bacteria have been reported to degrade Pendimethalin, but the enzymes or genes involved in this process have not been characterized. Nitroreduction is the initial degradation and detoxification step for Pendimethalin. In this study, a Pendimethalin nitroreductase (PNR), responsible for the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin, was purified from the Pendimethalin-degrading strain Bacillus subtilis Y3. Based on a comparison of its mass fingerprints with all of the deduced proteins from the draft genome of strain Y3, a protein annotated as a nitroreductase was identified, and its corresponding encoding gene was termed pnr. PNR was a functional homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa. PNR reduced the C-6 nitro group of the aromatic ring of Pendimethalin, yielding 2-nitro-6-amino-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine. PNR could also catalyze the nitroreduction of three other major varieties of dinitroaniline herbicides, including butralin, oryzalin, and trifluralin. However, the number of reduced nitro groups was two instead of one, which differed from the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin by PNR and which may be due to the symmetry in the chemical structures of the two nitro groups. A detoxification assay revealed that 2-nitro-6-amino-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine (PNR-reduced Pendimethalin) showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, whereas Pendimethalin showed an obvious inhibitory effect on its growth, indicating the detoxification effect of Pendimethalin by PNR. Therefore, PNR has potential in Pendimethalin detoxification applications. This report describes an enzyme (and corresponding gene) involved in the biodegradation of Pendimethalin and dinitroaniline herbicides. IMPORTANCE Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine] is a widely used selective preemergence dinitroaniline herbicide, and its residue has been frequently detected in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified Pendimethalin as a persistent bioaccumulative toxin. To date, no enzymes or genes involved in Pendimethalin biodegradation have been reported. In the present study, the gene pnr, which encodes the nitroreductase PNR, responsible for the nitroreduction of Pendimethalin, was cloned from the Pendimethalin-degrading strain Bacillus subtilis Y3. PNR could also catalyze the nitroreduction of three other major varieties of dinitroaniline herbicides, including butralin, oryzalin, and trifluralin. The reduction of Pendimethalin by PNR might eliminate its toxicity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, indicating the application potential of PNR in the detoxification of Pendimethalin.
