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Victoria Hosegood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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labor supply responses to large social transfers longitudinal evidence from south africa
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Cally Ardington, Anne Case, Victoria HosegoodAbstract:We quantify the labor supply responses of prime-aged adults to the presence of Pensioners in their households, using longitudinal data collected in South Africa. We compare households and individuals before and after pension receipt and pension loss, which allows us to control for a host of unobservable household and individual characteristics that may determine labor market behavior. We find large cash transfers to the elderly lead to increased employment among prime-aged adults, which occurs primarily through labor migration. The pension's impact is attributable to the increase in household resources it represents, which can be used to stake migrants until they become self-sufficient, and to the presence of Pensioners who can care for small children, which allows prime-aged adults to look for work elsewhere.
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labor supply responses to large social transfers longitudinal evidence from south africa
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Cally Ardington, Anne Case, Victoria HosegoodAbstract:The South African old-age social pension has been much studied by both researchers and policy makers, in part for the larger lessons that might be learned about behavioral responses to cash transfers in developing countries. In this paper, we quantify the labor supply responses of prime-aged individuals to changes in the presence of old-age Pensioners in their households, using longitudinal data recently collected in northern KwaZulu-Natal. Our ability to compare households and individuals before and after pension receipt, and pension loss, allows us to control for a host of unobservable household and individual characteristics that may determine labor market behavior. We find that large cash transfers to elderly South Africans lead to increased employment among prime-aged members of their households. Perhaps more importantly, pension receipt influences where this employment takes place. We find large, significant effects on labor migration among prime-aged members upon pension arrival. The pension's impact is attributable both to the increase in household resources it represents, which can be used to stake migrants until they become self-sufficient, and to the presence of Pensioners who can care for small children, which allows prime-aged adults to look for work elsewhere.
Cally Ardington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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labor supply responses to large social transfers longitudinal evidence from south africa
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Cally Ardington, Anne Case, Victoria HosegoodAbstract:We quantify the labor supply responses of prime-aged adults to the presence of Pensioners in their households, using longitudinal data collected in South Africa. We compare households and individuals before and after pension receipt and pension loss, which allows us to control for a host of unobservable household and individual characteristics that may determine labor market behavior. We find large cash transfers to the elderly lead to increased employment among prime-aged adults, which occurs primarily through labor migration. The pension's impact is attributable to the increase in household resources it represents, which can be used to stake migrants until they become self-sufficient, and to the presence of Pensioners who can care for small children, which allows prime-aged adults to look for work elsewhere.
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labor supply responses to large social transfers longitudinal evidence from south africa
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Cally Ardington, Anne Case, Victoria HosegoodAbstract:The South African old-age social pension has been much studied by both researchers and policy makers, in part for the larger lessons that might be learned about behavioral responses to cash transfers in developing countries. In this paper, we quantify the labor supply responses of prime-aged individuals to changes in the presence of old-age Pensioners in their households, using longitudinal data recently collected in northern KwaZulu-Natal. Our ability to compare households and individuals before and after pension receipt, and pension loss, allows us to control for a host of unobservable household and individual characteristics that may determine labor market behavior. We find that large cash transfers to elderly South Africans lead to increased employment among prime-aged members of their households. Perhaps more importantly, pension receipt influences where this employment takes place. We find large, significant effects on labor migration among prime-aged members upon pension arrival. The pension's impact is attributable both to the increase in household resources it represents, which can be used to stake migrants until they become self-sufficient, and to the presence of Pensioners who can care for small children, which allows prime-aged adults to look for work elsewhere.
Jan Victor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ligament tensioners optimise stability and alignment opposes
Orthopaedic Proceedings, 2018Co-Authors: Jan VictorAbstract:Correct alignment and ligament tension are widely accepted conditional features of successful TKA. The technical route of achieving this goal remains a matter of debate. Two philosophies prevail: measured resection as a geometry based system, and tensioned gaps, based upon the dependent relation between tibia and femur. Both techniques claim the best results and are often presented as radically different. From a conceptual standpoint, however, the dependent technique is not purely ligament based as it starts with a cut of the proximal tibia, which is geometrically ruled by sagittal and coronal alignment targets. As such, geometric alignment is the starting point of both techniques.The use of ligament tensioners as the main basis for obtaining stability and alignment can be a treacherous route to follow. In the native knee that is not affected by arthritis, the functional characteristics of the ligaments are determined by their insertions and the articular geometry. Once the arthritis sets in, the articula...
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ligament tensioners optimise stability and alignment opposes
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume, 2013Co-Authors: Jan VictorAbstract:Correct alignment and ligament tension are widely accepted conditional features of successful TKA. The technical route of achieving this goal remains a matter of debate. Two philosophies prevail: measured resection as a geometry based system, and tensioned gaps, based upon the dependent relation between tibia and femur. Both techniques claim the best results and are often presented as radically different. From a conceptual standpoint, however, the dependent technique is not purely ligament based as it starts with a cut of the proximal tibia, which is geometrically ruled by sagittal and coronal alignment targets. As such, geometric alignment is the starting point of both techniques. The use of ligament tensioners as the main basis for obtaining stability and alignment can be a treacherous route to follow. In the native knee that is not affected by arthritis, the functional characteristics of the ligaments are determined by their insertions and the articular geometry. Once the arthritis sets in, the articular surface deforms and leg alignment deviates. It is difficult to restore these parameters, making use of ligament tension as a guide, for the following reasons. Ligament tension is hard to measure reproducibly intra-operatively. The stress-strain curves of ligaments are different and the magnitude of the optimal distraction force is unknown. In flexion, the dislocation or eversion of the patella will affect the obtained result and might induce significant bias. Ligament tensioners evaluate available space in flexion and in 90° of flexion. No information about the mid- and deep flexion range can be obtained. Articular geometry of the implant will affect this. The ligament tensioner does not control relative position AP position of femur and tibia. Especially in the presence of the PCL, distraction of the femur from the tibia at 90° of flexion will push the tibia forwards as the PCL straightens out and finds a more vertical position. The medial side of the knee is the more stable and isometric side, where the lateral side is more dynamically controlled by muscle loads. Applying an equal distraction force to the medial and lateral compartment in an anesthetised patient can overestimate the available space in the lateral compartment and induce excessive external rotation. Traumatic or chronic ligament injury caused by the arthritic process can skew the obtained results Measure resection is obviously not void of potential errors. Especially in case of dysplasia or prior trauma, bone geometry and landmarks can be deformed. In contrast to ligament assessment however, pre-operative imaging under the form of x-rays or CT allows for an objective and reproducible evaluation of the amount of deformity and subsequent surgical correction.
Anne Case - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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labor supply responses to large social transfers longitudinal evidence from south africa
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Cally Ardington, Anne Case, Victoria HosegoodAbstract:We quantify the labor supply responses of prime-aged adults to the presence of Pensioners in their households, using longitudinal data collected in South Africa. We compare households and individuals before and after pension receipt and pension loss, which allows us to control for a host of unobservable household and individual characteristics that may determine labor market behavior. We find large cash transfers to the elderly lead to increased employment among prime-aged adults, which occurs primarily through labor migration. The pension's impact is attributable to the increase in household resources it represents, which can be used to stake migrants until they become self-sufficient, and to the presence of Pensioners who can care for small children, which allows prime-aged adults to look for work elsewhere.
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labor supply responses to large social transfers longitudinal evidence from south africa
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Cally Ardington, Anne Case, Victoria HosegoodAbstract:The South African old-age social pension has been much studied by both researchers and policy makers, in part for the larger lessons that might be learned about behavioral responses to cash transfers in developing countries. In this paper, we quantify the labor supply responses of prime-aged individuals to changes in the presence of old-age Pensioners in their households, using longitudinal data recently collected in northern KwaZulu-Natal. Our ability to compare households and individuals before and after pension receipt, and pension loss, allows us to control for a host of unobservable household and individual characteristics that may determine labor market behavior. We find that large cash transfers to elderly South Africans lead to increased employment among prime-aged members of their households. Perhaps more importantly, pension receipt influences where this employment takes place. We find large, significant effects on labor migration among prime-aged members upon pension arrival. The pension's impact is attributable both to the increase in household resources it represents, which can be used to stake migrants until they become self-sufficient, and to the presence of Pensioners who can care for small children, which allows prime-aged adults to look for work elsewhere.
Alexander Kemnitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social security public education and growth in a representative democracy
Social Science Research Network, 2001Co-Authors: Alexander KemnitzAbstract:This paper studies the relationship between public education and pay-as-you-go social security in a representative democracy, where the government reacts both to voting and lobbying activities of workers and Pensioners. While an intergenerational conflict prevails concerning actual social security contributions, workers may prefer public education for its positive effect on later pension benefits. Population aging diminishes the relative lobbying power of Pensioners, leading to a higher contribution rate, educational expansion, and higher per capita income growth.