The Experts below are selected from a list of 579 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard E. Zigmond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Distribution of vasoactive intestinal Peptide- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the thoracic spinal cord of the rat.
Brain research, 1991Co-Authors: C.a. Sasek, C. Baldwin, Richard E. ZigmondAbstract:The distributions of vasoactive intestinal Peptide (VIP)- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide (PHI)-immunoreactivities (IR) in the thoracic spinal cord of the rat are described. VIP- and PHI-IR were present in cells and fibers in the lateral spinal nucleus, lamina VII, nucleus proprius, substantia gelatinosa, intermediolateral cell column, and the area around the central canal. The functions of these Peptides in the thoracic spinal cord are not known; however, their locations suggest that they are involved in sensory and autonomic functions, among others.
-
evidence that some preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the rat contain vasoactive intestinal Peptide or Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide like immunoreactivities
Neuroscience, 1991Co-Authors: C.a. Sasek, C. Baldwin, Richard E. ZigmondAbstract:Abstract Physiological studies have established that preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the rat superior cervical ganglion release a second transmitter, in addition to acetylcholine. Based on pharmacological and histochemical investigations, possible candidates for this non-cholinergic neurotransmitter include vasoactive intestinal Peptide and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide. For example, previous immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that antisera raised against both of these Peptides stain neural processes in the rat preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk and in the superior cervical ganglion. In the present study, it was found that, when the cervical sympathetic trunk was ligated, vasoactive intestinal Peptide- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities built up on both sides of the ligature. In addition, examination of the thoracic spinal cord in colchicine-treated animals revealed vasoactive intestinal Peptide- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities in neuronal cell bodies in the intermediolateral cell column and in the region of the lateral funiculus adjacent to it. In a second group of animals in which retrograde tracing techniques were used, these two regions of the spinal cord were shown to contain most of the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons that project to the superior cervical ganglion. Smaller numbers of retrogradely labeled neurons were found dorsal to the central canal and in the nucleus intercalatus. When either vasoactive intestinal Peptide- or Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunostaining and retrograde labeling were examined in the same animals, double-labeled neurons were found in the intermediolateral cell column and in the lateral funiculus. These data demonstrate that vasoactive intestinal Peptide- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities are present in certain of the preganglionic neurons that project to the superior cervical ganglion, supporting the hypothesis that vasoactive intestinal Peptide and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide are released in the ganglion when these preganglionic neurons are activated.
Nicholas C Brecha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide Peptide Histidine Isoleucine messenger rna in the rat retina adult distribution and developmental expression
Neuroscience, 1994Co-Authors: Giovanni Casini, M Molnar, Nicholas C BrechaAbstract:In the adult nervous system, vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, and during development, it may also act as a neurotrophic factor. In the adult mammalian retina, this Peptide is contained in a population of wide-field amacrine cells. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, we examined the distribution and developmental expression of vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine messenger RNA in the rat retina. Retinas collected from birth to adulthood were hybridized with an RNA probe as whole mounts, and then cut either perpendicular or parallel to the vitreal surface. Adult retinas were used in double labeling experiments for the visualization of both the hybridization signal and vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide immuno-reactivity in the same tissue section. In adult retinas, vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine messenger RNA is localized to amacrine cells positioned in the proximal inner nuclear layer, and rarely to displaced amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer and ganglion cell layer. The neurons expressing this messenger RNA are sparsely distributed, with a non-random distribution and densities of about 190 cells/mm2. An estimate of their total number gives about 12,350 cells/retina. The double labeling experiments showed that the hybridization signal is specifically confined to neurons displaying vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide immunoreactivity. Vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine messenger RNA is first detected at postnatal day 5 in cells located in the proximal part of the neuroblastic layer. A greater number of these neurons is present in the inner nuclear layer at postnatal day 10, and a few labeled neurons are also detected in the inner plexiform layer and in the ganglion cell layer. At this time, vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine messenger RNA-containing amacrines in the inner nuclear layer are non-randomly distributed on the retinal surface, as in adult retinas. At postnatal day 15 (eye opening), there is a peak in both the density and the estimated number of labeled neurons, and their pattern of distribution in the retinal layers is similar to that in the adult. The present study shows that in the adult rat retina vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine are synthesized in a sparsely distributed amacrine cell population, extending previous immunohistochemical findings. The appearance of vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine messenger RNA during the first postnatal week is consistent with the reported appearance of other transmitter-identified amacrine cell populations. The peak in density and number of vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine messenger RNA-containing cells at eye opening suggests that these Peptides are of importance in this particular phase of maturation. Since neurotrophic actions have been described in the nervous system for vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide but not for Peptide Histidine Isoleucine, we suggest that the increased expression of their precursor messenger RNA at eye opening indicates a role played by vasoactive intestinal polyPeptide in retinal maturation.
C. Baldwin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
phenotypic plasticity in adult sympathetic neurons changes in neuroPeptide expression in organ culture neuroPeptide y Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide secretin glucagon family sympathetic ganglion vasoactive intestinal Peptide
2016Co-Authors: R E Zigmond, C. Baldwin, H Hyattsachs, Yi Sun, T W Mckeon, R C Schreiber, U VaidyanathanAbstract:Vasoactive intestinal Peptide (VIP)-like im- munoreactivity is present at low levels in the superior cervical ganglion of the adult rat, where immunostained neural pro- cesses, but only an occasional immunostained cell body, are found. However, when ganglia are maintained for 24 or 48 hr in organ -culture, their content of VIP-like immunoreactivity increases 6- or 31-fold, respectively. When examined at 24 hr, the increase in VIP-like immunoreactivity is totally -blocked by an inhibitor of RNA or protein synthesis. Many neuronal cell bodies and processes with immunoreactivity for VIP and the related Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide (PHI) are seen in cultured ganglia. In addition, VIP/PHI mRNA is abundant in cultured ganglia but only barely detectable in ganglia prior to culture. Under the same culture conditions, neuroPeptide Y-like immunoreactivity increases to a small extent, and tyro- sine hydroxylase activity and total ganglion protein remain unchanged. These results support the idea that adult sympa- thetic neurons exhibit plasticity in neuroPeptide expression and that this plasticity, in the case of VIP, depends on changes in gene expression.
-
Distribution of vasoactive intestinal Peptide- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the thoracic spinal cord of the rat.
Brain research, 1991Co-Authors: C.a. Sasek, C. Baldwin, Richard E. ZigmondAbstract:The distributions of vasoactive intestinal Peptide (VIP)- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide (PHI)-immunoreactivities (IR) in the thoracic spinal cord of the rat are described. VIP- and PHI-IR were present in cells and fibers in the lateral spinal nucleus, lamina VII, nucleus proprius, substantia gelatinosa, intermediolateral cell column, and the area around the central canal. The functions of these Peptides in the thoracic spinal cord are not known; however, their locations suggest that they are involved in sensory and autonomic functions, among others.
-
evidence that some preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the rat contain vasoactive intestinal Peptide or Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide like immunoreactivities
Neuroscience, 1991Co-Authors: C.a. Sasek, C. Baldwin, Richard E. ZigmondAbstract:Abstract Physiological studies have established that preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the rat superior cervical ganglion release a second transmitter, in addition to acetylcholine. Based on pharmacological and histochemical investigations, possible candidates for this non-cholinergic neurotransmitter include vasoactive intestinal Peptide and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide. For example, previous immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that antisera raised against both of these Peptides stain neural processes in the rat preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk and in the superior cervical ganglion. In the present study, it was found that, when the cervical sympathetic trunk was ligated, vasoactive intestinal Peptide- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities built up on both sides of the ligature. In addition, examination of the thoracic spinal cord in colchicine-treated animals revealed vasoactive intestinal Peptide- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities in neuronal cell bodies in the intermediolateral cell column and in the region of the lateral funiculus adjacent to it. In a second group of animals in which retrograde tracing techniques were used, these two regions of the spinal cord were shown to contain most of the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons that project to the superior cervical ganglion. Smaller numbers of retrogradely labeled neurons were found dorsal to the central canal and in the nucleus intercalatus. When either vasoactive intestinal Peptide- or Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunostaining and retrograde labeling were examined in the same animals, double-labeled neurons were found in the intermediolateral cell column and in the lateral funiculus. These data demonstrate that vasoactive intestinal Peptide- and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities are present in certain of the preganglionic neurons that project to the superior cervical ganglion, supporting the hypothesis that vasoactive intestinal Peptide and Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide are released in the ganglion when these preganglionic neurons are activated.
William Rostene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
vasoactive intestinal Peptide Peptide Histidine Isoleucine mrna in the eye and suprachiasmatic nucleus of normal and monocularly enucleated rats
Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 1993Co-Authors: Philippe Denis, Monique Dussaillant, Anne Berod, Jeanphilippe Nordmann, Henri Saraux, William RosteneAbstract:The localization of the messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding vasocative intestinal Peptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine (VIP/PHI) in the rat eye was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry using a synthetic35“S-labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Among the layers of the retina, specific labeling was found in the soma of some cells in the innermost lamina of the inner nuclear layer. Occasionally, labeled cells were also present in the ganglion cell layer. No specific labeling was detected in any ocular structures other than the retina, including the cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, choriocapillaris, optic nerve and sclera. We also examined VIP/PHI mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which is the pacemaker of circadian rhythms and synchronizes them with the environmental light-dark cycle. High labeling was found in the ventrolateral part of the nucleus, which is the site of most projections from the retina. Monocular enucleation of rats at birth resulted in an increase of VIP/PHI mRNA expression in SCN ipsilateral to the removed eye after postnatal day 60. The discrete pattern of hybridization for VIP/PHI mRNA indicates that these two Peptides are synthetized in rat retina and SCN and suggests that they may play a key role in the photic entrainment to the SCN regulating various circadian rhythms.
-
distribution of cells expressing vasoactive intestinal Peptide Peptide Histidine Isoleucine amide precursor messenger rna in the rat brain
Neuroscience, 1992Co-Authors: Monique Dussaillant, Alain Sarrieau, Illana Gozes, Anne Berod, William RosteneAbstract:Abstract The distribution of cells expressing vasoactive intestinal Peptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucineamide precursor messenger RNA was investigated in the rat brain and pituitary by in situ hybridization using a synthetic 35 S-labeled oligonucleotide probe. Detection of labeled neurons by light-microscopic radioautography revealed a selective repartition of the messenger RNA-expressing cells. Several major vasoactive intestinal Peptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine-amide messenger RNA-containing cell groups were demonstrated including layers II–VI of the cerebral cortex, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and various thalamic structures such as the ventrolateral, posterior, lateral reticular, paracentralis and gelatinosus nuclei. Positive cells, to a lesser extent, were also found in the limbic system, medial preoptic area, superior and inferior colliculi as well as in the central gray matter. They were totally absent in the pituitary and the pineal gland of normal rats. The results of the present study provide a detailed mapping of neurons expressing vasoactive intestinal Peptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine-amide messenger RNA in the adult rat brain. The predominance of vasoactive intestinal Peptide/Peptide Histidine Isoleucine-amide messenger RNA-containing neurons in the cerebral cortex, suprachiasmatic nucleus and thalamus suggest that vasoactive intestinal Peptide is mainly involved in the control of cortical informations, circadian rhythms and sensory perception in agreement with several physiological data.
Stephanie Goursaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the vpac2 agonist Peptide Histidine Isoleucine phi up regulates glutamate transport in the corpus callosum of a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hsod1g93a by inhibiting caspase 3 mediated inactivation of glt 1a
The FASEB Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Stephanie Goursaud, Jeanmarie Maloteaux, Marylene C Focant, Julie V Berger, Yannick Nizet, Emmanuel HermansAbstract:Degeneration of corpus callosum appears in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) before clinical signs of upper motor neuron death. Considering the ALS-associated impairment of astrocytic glutamate uptake, we have characterized the expression and activity of the glutamate transporter isoforms GLT-1a and GLT-1b in the corpus callosum of transgenic rats expressing a mutated form of the human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1(G93A)). We have also studied the effect of Peptide Histidine Isoleucine (PHI), a vasoactive intestinal Peptide (VIP)/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polyPeptide (PACAP) receptor 2 (VPAC(2)) agonist on glutamate transporters both in vivo and in callosal astrocytes. Before the onset of motor symptoms, the expression of both transporter isoforms was correlated with a constitutive activity of caspase-3. This enzyme participates in the down-regulation of GLT-1 in ALS, and here we demonstrated its involvement in the selective degradation of GLT-1a in the white matter. A single stereotactic injection of PHI into the corpus callosum of symptomatic rats decreased caspase-3 activity and promoted GLT-1a expression and uptake activity. Together, with evidence for a reduced expression of prepro-VIP/PHI mRNA in the corpus callosum of transgenic animals, these data shed light on the modulatory role of the VIP/PHI system on the glutamatergic transmission in ALS.
-
activation of vip pacap type 2 receptor by the Peptide Histidine Isoleucine in astrocytes influences glast mediated glutamate uptake
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Stephanie Goursaud, Jeanmarie Maloteaux, Emmanuel HermansAbstract:Considering the putative neuroprotective role of the vasoactive intestinal Peptide (VIP) and the pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polyPeptide (PACAP), we investigated the acute modulation of glial glutamate uptake by the structurally related Peptide Histidine Isoleucine (PHI). Using cultures of cortical astrocytes, we demonstrated that a 6 min treatment with 1 mumol/L PHI strongly increased the d-[(3)H]-aspartate uptake velocity from 24.3 +/- 1.9 to 46.8 +/- 3.5 nmol/mg prot/min. This effect was found to reflect an increase in the activity of the GLAST, the predominant functional glutamate transporter in these cultures. The combination of protein kinase A and C inhibitors was effective in blocking the effect of PHI and the use of Peptide antagonists contributed to demonstrate the implication of the VIP/PACAP type 2 receptor (VPAC(2)). Accordingly, G-protein activation measures and gene reporter assays revealed the expression of functional PHI-sensitive receptors in cultured astrocytes. Biotinylation/immunoblotting studies indicated that PHI significantly increased the cell surface expression of the GLAST (by 34.24 +/- 8.74 and 43.00 +/- 6.36%, when considering the 72 and 55 kDa immunoreactive proteins, respectively). Such cross-talk between PHI and glutamate transmission systems in glial cells opens attractive perspectives in neuropharmacology.
-
expression and gtp sensitivity of Peptide Histidine Isoleucine high affinity binding sites in rat
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Colin Debaigt, Annieclaire Meunier, Stephanie Goursaud, Alicia Montoni, Nicolas Pineau, Alain Couvineau, Marc Laburthe, Jeanmarc Muller, Thierry JanetAbstract:High-affinity-binding sites for the vasoactive intestinal Peptide (VIP) analogs Peptide Histidine/Isoleucine-amide (PHI)/carboxyterminal methionine instead of Isoleucine (PHM) are expressed in numerous tissues in the body but the nature of their receptors remains to be elucidated. The data presented indicate that PHI discriminated a high-affinity guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-insensitive-binding subtype that represented the totality of the PHI-binding sites in newborn rat tissues but was differentially expressed in adult animals. The GTP-insensitive PHI/PHM-binding sites were also observed in CHO cells over expressing the VPAC2 but not the VPAC1 VIP receptor.