The Experts below are selected from a list of 2526 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark T Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of multisensory integration deficits on speech perception in children with autism spectrum disorders
Frontiers in Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Ryan A Stevenson, Magali Segers, Susanne Ferber, Morgan D Barense, Mark T WallaceAbstract:Speech perception is an inherently multisensory process. When having a face-to-face conversation, a listener not only hears what a speaker is saying, but also sees the articulatory gestures that accompany those sounds. Speech signals in visual and auditory modalities provide complementary information to the listener (Kavanagh and Mattingly, 1974), and when both are perceived in unison, behavioral gains in in speech perception are observed (Sumby and Pollack, 1954). Notably, this benefit is accentuated when speech is perceived in a noisy environment (Sumby and Pollack, 1954). To achieve a behavioral gain from multisensory processing of speech, however, the auditory and visual signals must be Perceptually bound into a single, unified percept. The most commonly cited effect that demonstrates Perceptual Binding in audiovisual speech perception is the McGurk effect (McGurk and MacDonald, 1976), where a listener hears a speaker utter the syllable “ba,” and sees the speaker utter the syllable “ga.” When these two speech signals are Perceptually bound, the listener perceives the speaker as having said “da” or “tha,” syllables that are not contained in either of the unisensory signals, resulting in a Perceptual Binding, or integration, of the speech signals (Calvert and Thesen, 2004).
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multisensory temporal integration in autism spectrum disorders
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Ryan A Stevenson, Justin K Siemann, Brittany C Schneider, Haley E Eberly, Tiffany G Woynaroski, Stephen Camarata, Mark T WallaceAbstract:The new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include sensory disturbances in addition to the well-established language, communication, and social deficits. One sensory disturbance seen in ASD is an impaired ability to integrate multisensory information into a unified percept. This may arise from an underlying impairment in which individuals with ASD have difficulty perceiving the temporal relationship between cross-modal inputs, an important cue for multisensory integration. Such impairments in multisensory processing may cascade into higher-level deficits, impairing day-to-day functioning on tasks, such as speech perception. To investigate multisensory temporal processing deficits in ASD and their links to speech processing, the current study mapped performance on a number of multisensory temporal tasks (with both simple and complex stimuli) onto the ability of individuals with ASD to Perceptually bind audiovisual speech signals. High-functioning children with ASD were compared with a group of typically developing children. Performance on the multisensory temporal tasks varied with stimulus complexity for both groups; less precise temporal processing was observed with increasing stimulus complexity. Notably, individuals with ASD showed a speech-specific deficit in multisensory temporal processing. Most importantly, the strength of Perceptual Binding of audiovisual speech observed in individuals with ASD was strongly related to their low-level multisensory temporal processing abilities. Collectively, the results represent the first to illustrate links between multisensory temporal function and speech processing in ASD, strongly suggesting that deficits in low-level sensory processing may cascade into higher-order domains, such as language and communication.
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individual differences in the multisensory temporal Binding window predict susceptibility to audiovisual illusions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012Co-Authors: Ryan A Stevenson, Raquel K Zemtsov, Mark T WallaceAbstract:Human multisensory systems are known to bind inputs from the different sensory modalities into a unified percept, a process that leads to measurable behavioral benefits. This integrative process can be observed through multisensory illusions, including the McGurk effect and the sound-induced flash illusion, both of which demonstrate the ability of one sensory modality to modulate perception in a second modality. Such multisensory integration is highly dependent upon the temporal relationship of the different sensory inputs, with Perceptual Binding occurring within a limited range of asynchronies known as the temporal Binding window (TBW). Previous studies have shown that this window is highly variable across individuals, but it is unclear how these variations in the TBW relate to an individual’s ability to integrate multisensory cues. Here we provide evidence linking individual differences in multisensory temporal processes to differences in the individual’s audiovisual integration of illusory stimuli. Our data provide strong evidence that the temporal processing of multiple sensory signals and the merging of multiple signals into a single, unified perception, are highly related. Specifically, the width of right side of an individuals’ TBW, where the auditory stimulus follows the visual, is significantly correlated with the strength of illusory percepts, as indexed via both an increase in the strength of Binding synchronous sensory signals and in an improvement in correctly dissociating asynchronous signals. These findings are discussed in terms of their possible neurobiological basis, relevance to the development of sensory integration, and possible importance for clinical conditions in which there is growing evidence that multisensory integration is compromised.
Ryan A Stevenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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visual working memory and sensory processing in autistic children
Scientific Reports, 2021Co-Authors: Ryan A Stevenson, Magali Segers, Morgan D Barense, Justin Ruppel, Sol Z Sun, Busisiwe L Zapparoli, James M Bebko, Susanne FerberAbstract:While atypical sensory processing is one of the more ubiquitous symptoms in autism spectrum disorder, the exact nature of these sensory issues remains unclear, with different studies showing either enhanced or deficient sensory processing. Using a well-established continuous cued-recall task that assesses visual working memory, the current study provides novel evidence reconciling these apparently discrepant findings. Autistic children exhibited Perceptual advantages in both likelihood of recall and recall precision relative to their typically-developed peers. When autistic children did make errors, however, they showed a higher probability of erroneously Binding a given colour with the incorrect spatial location. These data align with neural-architecture models for feature Binding in visual working memory, suggesting that atypical population-level neural noise in the report dimension (colour) and cue dimension (spatial location) may drive both the increase in probability of recall and precision of colour recall as well as the increase in proportion of Binding errors when making an error, respectively. These changes are likely to impact core symptomatology associated with autism, as Perceptual Binding and working memory play significant roles in higher-order tasks, such as communication.
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the impact of multisensory integration deficits on speech perception in children with autism spectrum disorders
Frontiers in Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Ryan A Stevenson, Magali Segers, Susanne Ferber, Morgan D Barense, Mark T WallaceAbstract:Speech perception is an inherently multisensory process. When having a face-to-face conversation, a listener not only hears what a speaker is saying, but also sees the articulatory gestures that accompany those sounds. Speech signals in visual and auditory modalities provide complementary information to the listener (Kavanagh and Mattingly, 1974), and when both are perceived in unison, behavioral gains in in speech perception are observed (Sumby and Pollack, 1954). Notably, this benefit is accentuated when speech is perceived in a noisy environment (Sumby and Pollack, 1954). To achieve a behavioral gain from multisensory processing of speech, however, the auditory and visual signals must be Perceptually bound into a single, unified percept. The most commonly cited effect that demonstrates Perceptual Binding in audiovisual speech perception is the McGurk effect (McGurk and MacDonald, 1976), where a listener hears a speaker utter the syllable “ba,” and sees the speaker utter the syllable “ga.” When these two speech signals are Perceptually bound, the listener perceives the speaker as having said “da” or “tha,” syllables that are not contained in either of the unisensory signals, resulting in a Perceptual Binding, or integration, of the speech signals (Calvert and Thesen, 2004).
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multisensory temporal integration in autism spectrum disorders
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Ryan A Stevenson, Justin K Siemann, Brittany C Schneider, Haley E Eberly, Tiffany G Woynaroski, Stephen Camarata, Mark T WallaceAbstract:The new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include sensory disturbances in addition to the well-established language, communication, and social deficits. One sensory disturbance seen in ASD is an impaired ability to integrate multisensory information into a unified percept. This may arise from an underlying impairment in which individuals with ASD have difficulty perceiving the temporal relationship between cross-modal inputs, an important cue for multisensory integration. Such impairments in multisensory processing may cascade into higher-level deficits, impairing day-to-day functioning on tasks, such as speech perception. To investigate multisensory temporal processing deficits in ASD and their links to speech processing, the current study mapped performance on a number of multisensory temporal tasks (with both simple and complex stimuli) onto the ability of individuals with ASD to Perceptually bind audiovisual speech signals. High-functioning children with ASD were compared with a group of typically developing children. Performance on the multisensory temporal tasks varied with stimulus complexity for both groups; less precise temporal processing was observed with increasing stimulus complexity. Notably, individuals with ASD showed a speech-specific deficit in multisensory temporal processing. Most importantly, the strength of Perceptual Binding of audiovisual speech observed in individuals with ASD was strongly related to their low-level multisensory temporal processing abilities. Collectively, the results represent the first to illustrate links between multisensory temporal function and speech processing in ASD, strongly suggesting that deficits in low-level sensory processing may cascade into higher-order domains, such as language and communication.
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individual differences in the multisensory temporal Binding window predict susceptibility to audiovisual illusions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012Co-Authors: Ryan A Stevenson, Raquel K Zemtsov, Mark T WallaceAbstract:Human multisensory systems are known to bind inputs from the different sensory modalities into a unified percept, a process that leads to measurable behavioral benefits. This integrative process can be observed through multisensory illusions, including the McGurk effect and the sound-induced flash illusion, both of which demonstrate the ability of one sensory modality to modulate perception in a second modality. Such multisensory integration is highly dependent upon the temporal relationship of the different sensory inputs, with Perceptual Binding occurring within a limited range of asynchronies known as the temporal Binding window (TBW). Previous studies have shown that this window is highly variable across individuals, but it is unclear how these variations in the TBW relate to an individual’s ability to integrate multisensory cues. Here we provide evidence linking individual differences in multisensory temporal processes to differences in the individual’s audiovisual integration of illusory stimuli. Our data provide strong evidence that the temporal processing of multiple sensory signals and the merging of multiple signals into a single, unified perception, are highly related. Specifically, the width of right side of an individuals’ TBW, where the auditory stimulus follows the visual, is significantly correlated with the strength of illusory percepts, as indexed via both an increase in the strength of Binding synchronous sensory signals and in an improvement in correctly dissociating asynchronous signals. These findings are discussed in terms of their possible neurobiological basis, relevance to the development of sensory integration, and possible importance for clinical conditions in which there is growing evidence that multisensory integration is compromised.
Nobuyuki Matsui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perceptual Binding by coupled oscillatory neural network
International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, 2005Co-Authors: Teijiro Isokawa, Haruhiko Nishimura, Naotake Kamiura, Nobuyuki MatsuiAbstract:The Binding problem is a problem on the integration of Perceptual properties in our brains. For describing this problem in the artificial neural network, it is necessary to introduce the temporal coding of information. In this paper, we propose a neural network model that can represent the Bindings of external stimuli, based on the network that is capable of figure-ground segmentation proposed by Sompolinsky and Tsodyks. This model adopts the coupled oscillators that can represent the temporal coding and the synchronization among them.
Wolf Singer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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response to yuval greenberg et al transient induced gamma band response in eeg as a manifestation of miniature saccades neuron 58 429 441
Neuron, 2009Co-Authors: Lucia Melloni, Caspar M Schwiedrzik, Michael Wibral, Eugenio Rodriguez, Wolf SingerAbstract:Synchronized oscillatory activity in the gamma frequency range has been proposed as a neuronal mechanism for various cognitive processes, ranging from Perceptual Binding (Singer, 1999) to motor control (Schoffelen et al., 2005). In a recent paper in Neuron, Yuval-Greenberg et al. (2008) claim that induced gamma oscillations recorded by scalp electroencephalography (EEG) reflect miniature saccades instead of cognitive or neuronal processes. Combining high-precision eye tracking with EEG recordings, Yuval-Greenberg et al.
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response synchronization gamma oscillations and Perceptual Binding in cat primary visual cortex
The Cat Primary Visual Cortex, 2002Co-Authors: Wolf SingerAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter examines the extent to which current concepts about the nature of cortical codes and representations can be generalized to striate cortex functions. The functions of primary visual cortex are not confined to feature extraction, but are an integral part of the constructivistic processes that underlay visual perception. In addition to the elaboration of response selectivity for elementary features and some of their conjunctions, striate cortex seems to play an active role in state-, context-, and attention-dependent selection and grouping of distributed responses as any other cortical area. Striate cortex also appears to share with other cortical areas the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity required for the experience-dependent formation of durable associations among distributed responses. The analysis of precise temporal relations between simultaneously recorded responses of several neurons also reveals the existence of highly dynamic, context-sensitive synchronization phenomena. Their numerous and close relations to Perceptual processes suggest that they are not epiphenomenal but play an essential role in cortical processing and coding. The structure and function of the primary visual cortex offer itself as a highly suitable model for the analysis of general cortical functions.
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role of the temporal domain for response selection and Perceptual Binding
Cerebral Cortex, 1997Co-Authors: Andreas K Engel, Pieter R Roelfsema, Pascal Fries, Michael Brecht, Wolf SingerAbstract:Most cognitive functions are based on highly parallel and distributed information processing by the brain. A paradigmatic example is provided by the vertebrate visual system where numerous cortical areas have been described which analyse different types of visual information. At present, it is unclear how information can be integrated and how coherent representational states can be established in such distributed systems. We suggest that this so-called ‘Binding problem’ may be solved in the temporal domain. The hypothesis is that synchronization of neuronal discharges can serve for the integration of distributed neurons into cell assemblies and that this process may underlie the selection of Perceptually and behaviourally relevant information. We review experimental results, mainly obtained in the visual system, which support this temporal Binding hypothesis.
Tsunehiro Takeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhanced neural responses correlated with Perceptual Binding of color and motion
Neurology & Clinical Neurophysiology, 2004Co-Authors: Kaoru Amano, Shinya Nishida, Tsunehiro TakedaAbstract:When both color and motion direction of visual stimuli are alternated in physical synchrony at a relatively higher frequency (approximately 2 Hz), the changes in motion direction are perceived to be delayed. On the other hand, color and motion direction changes are perceived to be in phase when the motion direction changes precede the color changes by about 100 ms [Moutoussis, 1997]. In the present study, we utilized this phenomenon to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the Binding of color and motion based on the temporal synchrony. Magnetoencephalogram (MEG) was recorded for ten human subjects under the following four conditions: color change (color), motion direction change (motion), and simultaneous color and motion direction changes (color+motion) in Perceptual synchrony (physical asynchrony) or in Perceptual asynchrony (physical synchrony). The wavelet analysis was applied on these MEGs to study the neural responses in time-frequency domain. The interactions of color and motion responses, defined by [color+motion]-([color]+[motion]), were calculated in time-frequency domain for both Perceptually synchronous and asynchronous conditions. The results showed significantly larger interactions at gamma band (30-35 Hz) under the condition of Perceptual synchrony than under the condition of Perceptual asynchrony, suggesting that synchronized neural responses at gamma band are related to the synchrony-based Binding of visual attributes. This result is consistent with previous studies reporting the correlation of gamma band responses with Perceptual grouping [Castelo-Branco, 2000] [Tallon-Baudry, 1996].