The Experts below are selected from a list of 4758 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lisa S.r. Lashell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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visual auditory events cross modal Perceptual Priming and recognition memory
Consciousness and Cognition, 2001Co-Authors: Anthony J. Greene, Randolph D. Easton, Lisa S.r. LashellAbstract:Modality specificity in Priming is taken as evidence for independent Perceptual systems. However, Easton, Greene, and Srinivas (1997) showed that visual and haptic cross-modal Priming is comparable in magnitude to within-modal Priming. Where appropriate, Perceptual systems might share like information. To test this, we assessed Priming and recognition for visual and auditory events, within- and across- modalities. On the visual test, auditory study resulted in no Priming. On the auditory Priming test, visual study resulted in Priming that was only marginally less than within-modal Priming. The Priming results show that visual study facilitates identification on both visual and auditory tests, but auditory study only facilitates performance on the auditory test. For both recognition tests, within-modal recognition exceeded cross-modal recognition. The results have two novel implications for the understanding of Perceptual Priming: First, we introduce visual and auditory Priming for spatio-temporal events as a new Priming paradigm chosen for its ecological validity and potential for information exchange. Second, we propose that the asymmetry of the cross-modal Priming observed here may reflect the capacity of these Perceptual modalities to provide cross-modal constraints on ambiguity. We argue that visual perception might inform and constrain auditory processing, while auditory perception corresponds to too many potential visual events to usefully inform and constrain visual perception.
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Visual–Auditory Events: Cross-Modal Perceptual Priming and Recognition Memory
Consciousness and cognition, 2001Co-Authors: Anthony J. Greene, Randolph D. Easton, Lisa S.r. LashellAbstract:Modality specificity in Priming is taken as evidence for independent Perceptual systems. However, Easton, Greene, and Srinivas (1997) showed that visual and haptic cross-modal Priming is comparable in magnitude to within-modal Priming. Where appropriate, Perceptual systems might share like information. To test this, we assessed Priming and recognition for visual and auditory events, within- and across- modalities. On the visual test, auditory study resulted in no Priming. On the auditory Priming test, visual study resulted in Priming that was only marginally less than within-modal Priming. The Priming results show that visual study facilitates identification on both visual and auditory tests, but auditory study only facilitates performance on the auditory test. For both recognition tests, within-modal recognition exceeded cross-modal recognition. The results have two novel implications for the understanding of Perceptual Priming: First, we introduce visual and auditory Priming for spatio-temporal events as a new Priming paradigm chosen for its ecological validity and potential for information exchange. Second, we propose that the asymmetry of the cross-modal Priming observed here may reflect the capacity of these Perceptual modalities to provide cross-modal constraints on ambiguity. We argue that visual perception might inform and constrain auditory processing, while auditory perception corresponds to too many potential visual events to usefully inform and constrain visual perception.
Anthony J. Greene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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visual auditory events cross modal Perceptual Priming and recognition memory
Consciousness and Cognition, 2001Co-Authors: Anthony J. Greene, Randolph D. Easton, Lisa S.r. LashellAbstract:Modality specificity in Priming is taken as evidence for independent Perceptual systems. However, Easton, Greene, and Srinivas (1997) showed that visual and haptic cross-modal Priming is comparable in magnitude to within-modal Priming. Where appropriate, Perceptual systems might share like information. To test this, we assessed Priming and recognition for visual and auditory events, within- and across- modalities. On the visual test, auditory study resulted in no Priming. On the auditory Priming test, visual study resulted in Priming that was only marginally less than within-modal Priming. The Priming results show that visual study facilitates identification on both visual and auditory tests, but auditory study only facilitates performance on the auditory test. For both recognition tests, within-modal recognition exceeded cross-modal recognition. The results have two novel implications for the understanding of Perceptual Priming: First, we introduce visual and auditory Priming for spatio-temporal events as a new Priming paradigm chosen for its ecological validity and potential for information exchange. Second, we propose that the asymmetry of the cross-modal Priming observed here may reflect the capacity of these Perceptual modalities to provide cross-modal constraints on ambiguity. We argue that visual perception might inform and constrain auditory processing, while auditory perception corresponds to too many potential visual events to usefully inform and constrain visual perception.
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Visual–Auditory Events: Cross-Modal Perceptual Priming and Recognition Memory
Consciousness and cognition, 2001Co-Authors: Anthony J. Greene, Randolph D. Easton, Lisa S.r. LashellAbstract:Modality specificity in Priming is taken as evidence for independent Perceptual systems. However, Easton, Greene, and Srinivas (1997) showed that visual and haptic cross-modal Priming is comparable in magnitude to within-modal Priming. Where appropriate, Perceptual systems might share like information. To test this, we assessed Priming and recognition for visual and auditory events, within- and across- modalities. On the visual test, auditory study resulted in no Priming. On the auditory Priming test, visual study resulted in Priming that was only marginally less than within-modal Priming. The Priming results show that visual study facilitates identification on both visual and auditory tests, but auditory study only facilitates performance on the auditory test. For both recognition tests, within-modal recognition exceeded cross-modal recognition. The results have two novel implications for the understanding of Perceptual Priming: First, we introduce visual and auditory Priming for spatio-temporal events as a new Priming paradigm chosen for its ecological validity and potential for information exchange. Second, we propose that the asymmetry of the cross-modal Priming observed here may reflect the capacity of these Perceptual modalities to provide cross-modal constraints on ambiguity. We argue that visual perception might inform and constrain auditory processing, while auditory perception corresponds to too many potential visual events to usefully inform and constrain visual perception.
Tanja Michael - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of acute cortisol administration on Perceptual Priming of trauma-related material.
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Elena Holz, Johanna Lass-hennemann, Markus Streb, Monique C. Pfaltz, Tanja MichaelAbstract:Intrusive memories are a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They reflect excessive and uncontrolled retrieval of the traumatic memory. Acute elevations of cortisol are known to impair the retrieval of already stored memory information. Thus, continuous cortisol administration might help in reducing intrusive memories in PTSD. Strong Perceptual Priming for neutral stimuli associated with a “traumatic” context has been shown to be one important learning mechanism that leads to intrusive memories. However, the memory modulating effects of cortisol have only been shown for explicit declarative memory processes. Thus, in our double blind, placebo controlled study we aimed to investigate whether cortisol influences Perceptual Priming of neutral stimuli that appeared in a “traumatic” context. Two groups of healthy volunteers (N = 160) watched either neutral or “traumatic” picture stories on a computer screen. Neutral objects were presented in between the pictures. Memory for these neutral objects was tested after 24 hours with a Perceptual Priming task and an explicit memory task. Prior to memory testing half of the participants in each group received 25 mg of cortisol, the other half received placebo. In the placebo group participants in the “traumatic” stories condition showed more Perceptual Priming for the neutral objects than participants in the neutral stories condition, indicating a strong Perceptual Priming effect for neutral stimuli presented in a “traumatic” context. In the cortisol group this effect was not present: Participants in the neutral stories and participants in the “traumatic” stories condition in the cortisol group showed comparable Priming effects for the neutral objects. Our findings show that cortisol inhibits Perceptual Priming for neutral stimuli that appeared in a “traumatic” context. These findings indicate that cortisol influences PTSD-relevant memory processes and thus further support the idea that administration of cortisol might be an effective treatment strategy in reducing intrusive reexperiencing.
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Enhanced Perceptual Priming for neutral stimuli occurring in a traumatic context: two experimental investigations.
Behaviour research and therapy, 2006Co-Authors: Tanja Michael, Anke EhlersAbstract:Intrusive memories in posttraumatic stress disorder are often triggered by stimuli that are Perceptually similar to those present shortly before or during the trauma. The present study aims to examine the possible role of Perceptual Priming in this phenomenon. It further investigates whether the degree of Perceptual Priming is associated with dissociation and whether both Perceptual Priming and intrusive memories can be reduced through elaboration. Two experiments measured Perceptual Priming for neutral stimuli that immediately preceded a “traumatic” event. Volunteers (N=46, 92) watched a series of “traumatic” and neutral picture stories, and completed a blurred object identification (Perceptual Priming) memory task, and a recognition memory task. Participants in Experiment 1 were selected to score either high or low on the Trait Dissociation Questionnaire [Murray, Ehlers, & Mayou (2002). Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: Two prospective studies of motor vehicle accident survivors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 363–368]. They also completed a state dissociation measure in the session. Experiment 2 randomly allocated participants to an experimental condition designed to increase elaboration or to a control condition. This experiment also included a measure of intrusive memories. Both experiments found enhanced Perceptual Priming for the stimuli that immediately preceded the “traumatic” stories compared to those preceding neutral stories. Participants with high trait dissociation showed relatively stronger Perceptual Perceptual Priming. The degree of Perceptual Priming for stimuli from the “traumatic” stories also correlated with state dissociation (Experiment 1). Experimental manipulation of the elaboration of the stories showed that elaboration reduced the enhanced Perceptual Priming effect and the relative probability of reexperiencing symptoms (Experiment 2). The results support the role of Perceptual Priming in intrusions after traumatic events.
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Enhanced Perceptual Priming for neutral stimuli in a traumatic context: A pathway to intrusive memories?
Memory (Hove England), 2006Co-Authors: Anke Ehlers, Tanja Michael, Yiping Chen, Emma Payne, Sri ShanAbstract:Clinical observations suggest that re-experiencing symptoms are triggered by stimuli that are Perceptually similar to those present shortly before the trauma or its worst moments. Two experiments investigated the possible role of Perceptual Priming in this phenomenon. Volunteers (N = 28, N = 62) watched a series of "traumatic" and neutral picture stories, and completed blurred object identification (Priming) and recognition memory tasks. Neutral objects that immediately preceded the "traumatic" stories were more strongly primed, but not better recognised, than objects from neutral stories. Enhanced Priming predicted subsequent re-experiencing symptoms. The results support the role of Perceptual Priming in re-experiencing.
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Enhanced Priming for trauma-related material in posttraumatic stress disorder
Emotion (Washington D.C.), 2005Co-Authors: Tanja Michael, Anke Ehlers, Sarah L. HalliganAbstract:Intrusive reexperiencing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to Perceptual Priming for trauma-related material. A prospective longitudinal study (N = 69) investigated Perceptual Priming for trauma-related, general threat, and neutral words in assault survivors with and without PTSD, using a new version of the word-stem completion task. Survivors with PTSD showed enhanced Priming for trauma-related words. Furthermore, Priming for trauma-related words measured soon after the trauma was associated with subsequent PTSD severity at 3, 6, and 9 months. The enhanced Priming effect was specific to trauma-related words. Enhanced Perceptual Priming for traumatic material appears to be one of the cognitive processes operating in PTSD.
Anke Ehlers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perceptual processing during trauma, Priming and the development of intrusive memories
Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 2012Co-Authors: Oliver Sündermann, Marit Hauschildt, Anke EhlersAbstract:Background Intrusive reexperiencing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is commonly triggered by stimuli with Perceptual similarity to those present during the trauma. Information processing theories suggest that Perceptual processing during the trauma and enhanced Perceptual Priming contribute to the easy triggering of intrusive memories by these cues.
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Enhanced Perceptual Priming for neutral stimuli occurring in a traumatic context: two experimental investigations.
Behaviour research and therapy, 2006Co-Authors: Tanja Michael, Anke EhlersAbstract:Intrusive memories in posttraumatic stress disorder are often triggered by stimuli that are Perceptually similar to those present shortly before or during the trauma. The present study aims to examine the possible role of Perceptual Priming in this phenomenon. It further investigates whether the degree of Perceptual Priming is associated with dissociation and whether both Perceptual Priming and intrusive memories can be reduced through elaboration. Two experiments measured Perceptual Priming for neutral stimuli that immediately preceded a “traumatic” event. Volunteers (N=46, 92) watched a series of “traumatic” and neutral picture stories, and completed a blurred object identification (Perceptual Priming) memory task, and a recognition memory task. Participants in Experiment 1 were selected to score either high or low on the Trait Dissociation Questionnaire [Murray, Ehlers, & Mayou (2002). Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: Two prospective studies of motor vehicle accident survivors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 363–368]. They also completed a state dissociation measure in the session. Experiment 2 randomly allocated participants to an experimental condition designed to increase elaboration or to a control condition. This experiment also included a measure of intrusive memories. Both experiments found enhanced Perceptual Priming for the stimuli that immediately preceded the “traumatic” stories compared to those preceding neutral stories. Participants with high trait dissociation showed relatively stronger Perceptual Perceptual Priming. The degree of Perceptual Priming for stimuli from the “traumatic” stories also correlated with state dissociation (Experiment 1). Experimental manipulation of the elaboration of the stories showed that elaboration reduced the enhanced Perceptual Priming effect and the relative probability of reexperiencing symptoms (Experiment 2). The results support the role of Perceptual Priming in intrusions after traumatic events.
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Enhanced Perceptual Priming for neutral stimuli in a traumatic context: A pathway to intrusive memories?
Memory (Hove England), 2006Co-Authors: Anke Ehlers, Tanja Michael, Yiping Chen, Emma Payne, Sri ShanAbstract:Clinical observations suggest that re-experiencing symptoms are triggered by stimuli that are Perceptually similar to those present shortly before the trauma or its worst moments. Two experiments investigated the possible role of Perceptual Priming in this phenomenon. Volunteers (N = 28, N = 62) watched a series of "traumatic" and neutral picture stories, and completed blurred object identification (Priming) and recognition memory tasks. Neutral objects that immediately preceded the "traumatic" stories were more strongly primed, but not better recognised, than objects from neutral stories. Enhanced Priming predicted subsequent re-experiencing symptoms. The results support the role of Perceptual Priming in re-experiencing.
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Enhanced Priming for trauma-related material in posttraumatic stress disorder
Emotion (Washington D.C.), 2005Co-Authors: Tanja Michael, Anke Ehlers, Sarah L. HalliganAbstract:Intrusive reexperiencing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to Perceptual Priming for trauma-related material. A prospective longitudinal study (N = 69) investigated Perceptual Priming for trauma-related, general threat, and neutral words in assault survivors with and without PTSD, using a new version of the word-stem completion task. Survivors with PTSD showed enhanced Priming for trauma-related words. Furthermore, Priming for trauma-related words measured soon after the trauma was associated with subsequent PTSD severity at 3, 6, and 9 months. The enhanced Priming effect was specific to trauma-related words. Enhanced Perceptual Priming for traumatic material appears to be one of the cognitive processes operating in PTSD.
John D. E. Gabrieli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neuropsychological Dissociation Between Recognition Familiarity and Perceptual Priming in Visual Long-Term Memory
Cortex, 2008Co-Authors: Anthony D. Wagner, Francesca Masciari, Glenn T Stebbins, Debra A Fleischman, John D. E. GabrieliAbstract:Abstract The present study examined whether the same brain region mediates visual-Perceptual repetition Priming and a familiarity component of visual recognition memory. In two experiments, familiarity-based recognition was measured in an individual (M.S.) with impaired visual repetition Priming due to a lesion of right occipital cortex. In both experiments, M.S. demonstrated intact recognition familiarity despite his visual nondeclarative memory impairment. These results converge with other behavioral results to indicate that recognition familiarity does not depend on the same memory system that mediates Perceptual Priming.
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Perceptual and nonPerceptual components of implicit memory for pictures.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 1995Co-Authors: Sunghi M. Park, John D. E. GabrieliAbstract:The transfer appropriate processing (TAP) framework posits that in data-driven tasks, such as picture naming (PN) or picture Perceptual identification, repetition Priming is greater when Perceptual processes engaged at study are recapitulated at test. Thus, Priming with pictures is greater after study-phase exposure to pictures than to words (picture names). A. S. Brown, D. R. Neblett, T. C. Jones, and D. B. Mitchell (1991) reported that a pure-list format eliminated Perceptual Priming: Participants who saw either pictures or words in a study phase showed equal Priming in a PN task. In the present study, participants showed greater Priming after exposure to pure lists of pictures than to pure lists of words in 3 PN and 1 picture Perceptual identification experiments. Thus, Perceptual Priming occurred in 4 pure-list picture Priming tasks, as predicted by the TAP framework. Priming also was found after exposure to words. In PN and picture Perceptual identification tasks, implicit memory for pictures includes Perceptual and nonPerceptual components.
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Normal Perceptual Priming of orthographically illegal nonwords in amnesia
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 1995Co-Authors: Margaret M. Keane, John D. E. Gabrieli, Julia S. Noland, Susan Ingemanson McnealyAbstract:This study examined Priming in Perceptual identification of orthographically illegal nonwords in control subjects and patients with global amnesia. Subjects studied a list of orthographically illegal nonwords and then performed a Perceptual identification task in which half of the stimuli were from the prior study list and half were new (unstudied) stimuli. Priming was reflected in enhanced identification accuracy of studied compared to unstudied nonwords. Amnesic patients showed significant and normal Priming despite impaired recognition memory performance. Because the experimental stimuli were dissimilar to real words in terms of orthography and phonology, it is unlikely that this Priming effect was mediated by activation of pre-existing representations of orthographically or phonologically similar words, morphemes, or syllables. These results demonstrate that intact Perceptual Priming in amnesia is not limited to stimuli that are premorbidly represented in long-term knowledge, nor to novel stimuli that conform to the rules that characterize familiar items. Further, because the experimental stimuli comprised novel letter assemblies, the results suggest that amnesic patients can show normal Priming for new Perceptual associations. These findings demonstrate that processes spared in amnesia can support the creation and subsequent retrieval of novel stimulus representations. ( JINS , 1995, I , 425–433.)
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Dissociations Among Structural-Perceptual, Lexical-Semantic, and Event-Fact Memory Systems in Alzheimer, Amnesic, and Normal Subjects
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 1994Co-Authors: John D. E. Gabrieli, Margaret M. Keane, Suzanne Corkin, Ben Z. Stanger, Margaret M. Kjelgaard, John H. GrowdonAbstract:Abstract Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with global amnesia (AMN), and nornal control (NC) subjects received tests of recall and recognition, word-completion Priming, ind incomplete-picture Priming. The AD and AMN patients had impaired recall and recoglition. The AD patients, but not the AMN patients, had impaired word-completion Priming. In contrast, the AD patients had intact incomplete-picture Priming, a form of Priming shown to be Perceptual in normal subjects. These results provide neuropsychological evidence for a dissociation between two components of repetition Priming, Perceptual Priming as measured with identification tasks and nonPerceptual Priming as measured with generation tasks. Preserverd Perceptual Priming in AD may be mediated by the occipital regions that are relatively spared in AD; compromised nonPerceptual Priming may be mediated by temporal regions that show dense neuropathological changes early in AD.
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Evidence for a dissociation between Perceptual and conceptual Priming in Alzheimer's disease.
Behavioral neuroscience, 1991Co-Authors: Margaret M. Keane, John D. E. Gabrieli, A. Christine Fennema, John H. Growdon, Suzanne CorkinAbstract:The status of Perceptual Priming and word-completion Priming in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) was examined. Experiment 1 established the reliability of the Perceptual Priming measure in normal subjects. In Experiment 2, AD patients showed a normal magnitude of Perceptual Priming. In Experiment 3. a single group of AD patients showed a normal magnitude of Perceptual Priming and impaired word-completion Priming. Further, word-completion Priming, but not Perceptual Priming, was correlated with verbal fluency performance in AD. These results suggest a dissociation between two components of verbal Priming. Perceptual Priming may reflect the operation of a structural-Perceptual memory system mediated by occipital lobe regions relatively spared in AD. Word-completion Priming may reflect the operation of a lexicalsemantic memory system mediated by temporoparietal lobe regions compromised in AD. The neural architecture of human memory is revealed by dissociations among memory capacities in patients with brain lesions. Some compelling dissociations come from the study of patients who are globally amnesic due to limbic-dience phalic lesions. Despite severe deficits in recall and recognition of recently encountered information, such patients can show normal repetition Priming effects (Cermak, Talbot, Chandler, & Wolbarst, 1985; Graf, Squire, & Handler, 1984; Jacoby & Witherspoon, 1982; Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1968, 1970). In Priming tasks, the measure of memory is the facilitatory or biasing effect that exposure to a stimulus has on subsequent processing of the same stimulus. The preservation of Priming effects in amnesia suggests that Priming does not depend on limbic-diencephalic structures supporting recall and recognition. However, these findings do not
