The Experts below are selected from a list of 32403 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Douglas L. Delahanty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ptsd symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in recent motor Vehicle Accident victims a latent class analysis
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Bryce Hruska, Douglas L. Delahanty, Leah A Irish, Maria L Pacella, Eve M SledjeskiAbstract:We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) on 249 recent motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) victims to examine subgroups that differed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, current major depressive disorder and alcohol/other drug use disorders (MDD/AoDs), gender, and interpersonal trauma history 6-weeks post-MVA. A 4-class model best fit the data with a resilient class displaying asymptomatic PTSD symptom levels/low levels of comorbid disorders; a mild psychopathology class displaying mild PTSD symptom severity and current MDD; a moderate psychopathology class displaying severe PTSD symptom severity and current MDD/AoDs; and a severe psychopathology class displaying extreme PTSD symptom severity and current MDD. Classes also differed with respect to gender composition and history of interpersonal trauma experience. These findings may aid in the development of targeted interventions for recent MVA victims through the identification of subgroups distinguished by different patterns of psychiatric problems experienced 6-weeks post-MVA.
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Injury severity, prior trauma history, urinary cortisol levels, and acute PTSD in motor Vehicle Accident victims.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2002Co-Authors: Douglas L. Delahanty, A. Jay Raimonde, Eileen Spoonster, Michael CulladoAbstract:This study examined the relationship between prior history of traumatic events, life threat, and injury severity experienced during a motor Vehicle Accident (MVA), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessed 1 month after the Accident. In addition, initial urinary cortisol levels after the Accident were examined as a possible mediator of this relationship. Fifteen-hour urinary cortisol samples were collected from MVA victims upon admission to the trauma unit. In the hospital, subjective life threat was measured and objective Injury Severity Scores (ISSs) were computed. One month after the Accident, participants were assessed for prior history of traumatic experiences, presence of acute PTSD, and levels of intrusive and avoidant thoughts and behaviors. Victims, who met PTSD diagnostic criteria, reported more prior traumatic events, and significantly greater life threat despite receiving significantly lower ISSs than victims who did not develop PTSD. The relationships between ISSs and PTSD symptoms and prior trauma history and PTSD symptoms were mediated by cortisol levels. Results suggest that cortisol levels in the acute aftermath of a traumatic event may serve as a mechanism through which various factors may increase risk for PTSD.
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initial posttraumatic urinary cortisol levels predict subsequent ptsd symptoms in motor Vehicle Accident victims
Biological Psychiatry, 2000Co-Authors: Douglas L. Delahanty, Jay A Raimonde, Eileen SpoonsterAbstract:Abstract Background: This study was designed to examine the relationship between urinary hormone levels collected upon admission to the trauma unit following a motor Vehicle Accident and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology 1 month later. Methods: Fifteen-hour urine samples were collected from 63 male and 36 female motor Vehicle Accident victims and were used to assess levels of catecholamines and cortisol reflecting peritraumatic and acute-phase posttraumatic levels. Presence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology was assessed 1 month after the Accident. Results: Motor Vehicle Accident victims subsequently diagnosed with acute posttraumatic stress disorder excreted significantly lower levels of cortisol in 15-hour urines collected upon admission to the hospital. In addition, urinary levels of cortisol predicted a significant percentage of the variance in intrusive and avoidant thoughts 1 month after the Accident. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that initial cortisol levels in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event contribute, in part, to subsequent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Eileen Spoonster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Injury severity, prior trauma history, urinary cortisol levels, and acute PTSD in motor Vehicle Accident victims.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2002Co-Authors: Douglas L. Delahanty, A. Jay Raimonde, Eileen Spoonster, Michael CulladoAbstract:This study examined the relationship between prior history of traumatic events, life threat, and injury severity experienced during a motor Vehicle Accident (MVA), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessed 1 month after the Accident. In addition, initial urinary cortisol levels after the Accident were examined as a possible mediator of this relationship. Fifteen-hour urinary cortisol samples were collected from MVA victims upon admission to the trauma unit. In the hospital, subjective life threat was measured and objective Injury Severity Scores (ISSs) were computed. One month after the Accident, participants were assessed for prior history of traumatic experiences, presence of acute PTSD, and levels of intrusive and avoidant thoughts and behaviors. Victims, who met PTSD diagnostic criteria, reported more prior traumatic events, and significantly greater life threat despite receiving significantly lower ISSs than victims who did not develop PTSD. The relationships between ISSs and PTSD symptoms and prior trauma history and PTSD symptoms were mediated by cortisol levels. Results suggest that cortisol levels in the acute aftermath of a traumatic event may serve as a mechanism through which various factors may increase risk for PTSD.
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initial posttraumatic urinary cortisol levels predict subsequent ptsd symptoms in motor Vehicle Accident victims
Biological Psychiatry, 2000Co-Authors: Douglas L. Delahanty, Jay A Raimonde, Eileen SpoonsterAbstract:Abstract Background: This study was designed to examine the relationship between urinary hormone levels collected upon admission to the trauma unit following a motor Vehicle Accident and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology 1 month later. Methods: Fifteen-hour urine samples were collected from 63 male and 36 female motor Vehicle Accident victims and were used to assess levels of catecholamines and cortisol reflecting peritraumatic and acute-phase posttraumatic levels. Presence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology was assessed 1 month after the Accident. Results: Motor Vehicle Accident victims subsequently diagnosed with acute posttraumatic stress disorder excreted significantly lower levels of cortisol in 15-hour urines collected upon admission to the hospital. In addition, urinary levels of cortisol predicted a significant percentage of the variance in intrusive and avoidant thoughts 1 month after the Accident. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that initial cortisol levels in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event contribute, in part, to subsequent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Joseph Pikkel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Motor Vehicle Accident Eye Injuries in Northern Israel
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Yulish, Joseph PikkelAbstract:Purpose: To investigate the occurrence and types of motor Vehicle Accident eye trauma in north Israel. Methods: The records between the years 2007–2011 of the Ophthalmology Emergency Room of one medical center were searched. Eye injuries due to motor Vehicle Accidents were classified according to type, severity of injury and demographic data of patients. Results: Nearly five percents of ER presentations were due to motor Vehicle Accidents. Most motor Vehicle Accident-related eye injuries were mild. Conclusion: Efforts should be taken to prevention and to minimize the severity of motor Vehicle Accident-related eye injuries.
Michael Cullado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Injury severity, prior trauma history, urinary cortisol levels, and acute PTSD in motor Vehicle Accident victims.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2002Co-Authors: Douglas L. Delahanty, A. Jay Raimonde, Eileen Spoonster, Michael CulladoAbstract:This study examined the relationship between prior history of traumatic events, life threat, and injury severity experienced during a motor Vehicle Accident (MVA), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessed 1 month after the Accident. In addition, initial urinary cortisol levels after the Accident were examined as a possible mediator of this relationship. Fifteen-hour urinary cortisol samples were collected from MVA victims upon admission to the trauma unit. In the hospital, subjective life threat was measured and objective Injury Severity Scores (ISSs) were computed. One month after the Accident, participants were assessed for prior history of traumatic experiences, presence of acute PTSD, and levels of intrusive and avoidant thoughts and behaviors. Victims, who met PTSD diagnostic criteria, reported more prior traumatic events, and significantly greater life threat despite receiving significantly lower ISSs than victims who did not develop PTSD. The relationships between ISSs and PTSD symptoms and prior trauma history and PTSD symptoms were mediated by cortisol levels. Results suggest that cortisol levels in the acute aftermath of a traumatic event may serve as a mechanism through which various factors may increase risk for PTSD.
Gayle J Beck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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longitudinal associations between ptsd symptoms and dyadic conflict communication following a severe motor Vehicle Accident
Behavior Therapy, 2017Co-Authors: Steffany J Fredman, Gayle J Beck, Philippe Shnaider, Nicole D Pukaymartin, Kimberly Z Pentel, Candice M Monson, Naomi M Simon, Luana MarquesAbstract:There are well-documented associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and intimate relationship impairments, including dysfunctional communication at times of relationship conflict. To date, the extant research on the associations between PTSD symptom severity and conflict communication has been cross-sectional and focused on military and veteran couples. No published work has evaluated the extent to which PTSD symptom severity and communication at times of relationship conflict influence each other over time or in civilian samples. The current study examined the prospective bidirectional associations between PTSD symptom severity and dyadic conflict communication in a sample of 114 severe motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) survivors in a committed intimate relationship at the time of the Accident. PTSD symptom severity and dyadic conflict communication were assessed at 4 and 16weeks post-MVA, and prospective associations were examined using path analysis. Total PTSD symptom severity at 4weeks prospectively predicted greater dysfunctional communication at 16weeks post-MVA but not vice versa. Examination at the level of PTSD symptom clusters revealed that effortful avoidance at 4weeks prospectively predicted greater dysfunctional communication at 16weeks, whereas dysfunctional communication 4weeks after the MVA predicted more severe emotional numbing at 16weeks. Findings highlight the role of PTSD symptoms in contributing to dysfunctional communication and the importance of considering PTSD symptom clusters separately when investigating the dynamic interplay between PTSD symptoms and relationship functioning over time, particularly during the early posttrauma period. Clinical implications for the prevention of chronic PTSD and associated relationship problems are discussed.
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the impact of event scale revised psychometric properties in a sample of motor Vehicle Accident survivors
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2008Co-Authors: Gayle J Beck, Scott F Coffey, Luana M Miller, Demond M Grant, Jennifer P Read, Joshua D Clapp, Sarah A PalyoAbstract:This study examined the factor structure, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and discriminative validity of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R, [Weiss, D. S. & Marmar, C. R. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. In: J. P. Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.). Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 399-411). New York: Guilford Press]) in a sample of 182 individuals who had experienced a serious motor Vehicle Accident. Results supported the three-factor structure of the IES-R, Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal, with adequate internal consistency noted for each subscale. Support was obtained for the concurrent and discriminative validity, as well as the absence of social desirability effects. Although some differences were noted between the IES-R Avoidance subscale and diagnostically based measures of this cluster of symptoms, these differences do not necessarily signify measurement problems with the IES-R. The IES-R seems to be a solid measure of post-trauma phenomena that can augment related assessment approaches in clinical and research settings.
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screening for ptsd in motor Vehicle Accident survivors using the pss sr and ies
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2006Co-Authors: Scott F Coffey, Gayle J Beck, Sarah A Palyo, Berglind Gudmundsdottir, Laurence MillerAbstract:The current study compares the total scores of two potential posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening tools, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the PTSD Symptom Scale, Self-Report (PSS-SR), to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) in a large sample of motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) survivors (N = 229, of whom 43% met criteria for PTSD). For the IES using a cutoff score of 27, sensitivity was .91, specificity was .72, and overall correct classification was .80. For the PSS-SR using a cutoff score of 14, sensitivity was .91, specificity was .62, and overall correct classification was .74. Compared to those in studies of other trauma populations, the identified IES cutoff score is somewhat lower for this population of MVA survivors and the identified PSS-SR cutoff score is consistent with previous findings. These data support the use of the IES and the PSS-SR as PTSD screening tools in MVA samples.
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psychometric properties of the posttraumatic cognitions inventory ptci a replication with motor Vehicle Accident survivors
Psychological Assessment, 2004Co-Authors: Gayle J Beck, Scott F Coffey, Sarah A Palyo, Berglind Gudmundsdottir, Luana M Miller, Craig R ColderAbstract:This study examined the factor structure, internal consistency, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and discriminative validity of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI; E. B. Foa, A. Ehlers, D. M. Clark, D. F. Tolin, & S. M. Orsillo, 1999) in a sample of 112 individuals who had experienced a serious motor Vehicle Accident. Results generally supported the 3-factor structure of the PTCI: (a) Negative Cognitions About Self, (b) Negative Cognitions About the World, and (c) Self-Blame. Subscales reflecting negative thoughts of the self and world showed adequate internal consistency, as well as good concurrent, discriminant, and discriminative validity. However, difficulties with the subscale representing self-blame emerged, specifically poor concurrent and discriminant validity. Potential reasons for this finding are discussed. The PTCI seems to be a promising measure of negative and dysfunctional posttrauma cognitions, which deserves continuing attention.
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quality of life and post trauma symptomatology in motor Vehicle Accident survivors the mediating effects of depression and anxiety
Depression and Anxiety, 2004Co-Authors: M Berglind A Gudmundsdottir, Gayle J Beck, Scott F Coffey, B Luana S Miller, A Sarah B A PalyoAbstract:We examined the respective contributions of depression, anxiety, and post-trauma symptoms, as these factors reduce quality of life (QOL) in 111 individuals who had experienced a serious motor Vehicle Accident. Correlations and structural equation modeling were used to evaluate whether the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms influences QOL directly, and whether depression and anxiety mediated this relationship. Results indicated that post trauma symptomatology has a negative effect on QOL, which is mediated by depression and anxiety.
