The Experts below are selected from a list of 192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shigeki Masunaga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Progress and perspective of Perfluorinated Compound risk assessment and management in various countries and institutes
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Zushi, Jonathan Nartey Hogarh, Shigeki MasunagaAbstract:Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related Compounds have recently been designated as target chemicals for regulation by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Many countries have investigated and tried to implement various countermeasures in response to this decision. In this article, we collect reports concerning regulations and risk evaluations of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) and review the current PFC management practiced in various countries. The first part of this review contains a comprehensive collection of proposed standard PFC values, including provisional tolerable daily intakes (pTDI), drinking water guidelines, and predicted non-effect concentrations (PNEC). The pTDI values ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 μg/kg/day for PFOS, and there are wide margins of safety for adults. Health risks for plant workers exposed to PFCs and for infants are of particular concern. The application of these proposed values in controlling PFC pollution is one approach that may effectively control human health risk without unduly sacrificing the benefits from PFC use. The second part of this review contains a collection and review of a number of regulations and countermeasures, such as an EU directive, regulation in Canada, and the Significant New Use Rule (SNUR), including voluntary control (i.e., production phase-out by 3M, stewardship programs, regulation in the semiconductor industry). Most of these regulations are based principally on the precautionary principle. However, they may not be as effective in pollution reduction as intended because the chemicals in question are already widely distributed in the environment owing to their use and mobility in the environment. In addition, these types of regulations would be non-operative in developing countries because rapidly growing economies place great demand on high performance materials, including PFCs. Further development of risk assessment methods that allow the evaluation of the counter risks of PFC alternatives and the loss of benefits from the PFC ban is necessary because of the possible continuous use of PFCs, especially in developing countries.
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gis based source identification and apportionment of diffuse water pollution Perfluorinated Compound pollution in the tokyo bay basin
Chemosphere, 2011Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Zushi, Shigeki MasunagaAbstract:To efficiently reduce Perfluorinated Compound (PFC) pollution, it is important to have an understanding of PFC sources and their contribution to the pollution. In this study, source identification of diffuse water pollution by PFCs was conducted using a GIS-based approach. Major components of the source identification were collection of the monitoring data and preparation of the corresponding geographic information that was extracted from a constructed GIS database. The spatially distributed pollution factors were then explored by multiple linear regression analysis, after which they were visually expressed using GIS. Among the 35 PFC homologues measured in a survey of the Tokyo Bay basin, 18 homologues were analyzed. Pollution by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was explained well by the percentage of arterial traffic area in the basin, and the 84% variance of the measured PFOS concentration was explained by two geographic variables, arterial traffic area and population. Source apportionment between point and nonpoint sources was conducted based on the results of the analysis. The contribution of PFOS from nonpoint sources was comparable to that from point sources in several major rivers flowing into Tokyo Bay. Source identification and apportionment using the GIS-based approach was shown to be effective, especially for ubiquitous types of pollution, such as PFC pollution.
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Identifying the nonpoint source of Perfluorinated Compounds using a geographic information system based approach.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Zushi, Shigeki MasunagaAbstract:Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) have been detected in a wide range of places. They have also been reported to come from nonpoint sources, but the origin of these sources has not been identified. In the present study, we attempted to characterize the nonpoint source of PFCs in the Hayabuchi River, Japan, which runs through an urban area, using a geographic information system (GIS) and statistical analysis. We also estimated annual PFC loads from nonpoint sources in Japan as a whole, determining a magnitude comparable to that from sewage treatment plants (STPs); the range was a few tons per year for each PFC. Perfluorinated Compound pollution in river water was found to increase when the river received drainage from an area with a high proportion of commercial and/or transportation land use. It was also found that more PFCs were discharged from the watersheds where train stations are located. This result could be interpreted as the use of land for commercial and transportation purposes is prevalent in close proximity to train stations, and that the effluents from those areas contain high concentrations of PFCs. These findings suggested that train stations could be indicators of nonpoint sources of PFCs.
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survey of Perfluorinated Compound pfc pollution in the basin of tokyo bay using the simultaneous analysis method for 35 types of pfcs
2009Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Zushi, Mamoru Motegi, Kiyoshi Nojiri, S Hosono, T Suzuki, Yuki Kosugi, Kumiko Yaguchi, Shigeki MasunagaAbstract:1 , pollution by PFCs has been continually reported. As mentioned above, many types of PFC homologue exist and they are complexly related to overall PFC pollution. Hence, the research on PFC pollution including PFOS, PFOA, and their precursors/derivatives are necessary. In this study, we developed a simultaneous analysis method of 35 types of PFCs, and applied it to the intensive survey of PFC pollution in the entire of Tokyo Bay basin. The current status of PFC pollution in Tokyo Bay basin is reported. Materials & Methods Collected samples River water and several sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent samples in Tokyo Bay basin were collected during April 3rd to May 1st, 2009. The samplings were carried out when there was no rain on the day of sampling and its previous day. The river water samples (n=50) were collected from the down-stream end of river in each watershed, such that samples should represent the water quality of the watershed. The STP effluent samples (n=6) were collected for purposes of comparison of PFC concentrations in the effluents with the concentrations in the river water samples. All samples were stored in cool box and transported to the laboratory for chemical analysis. The extraction for chemical analysis was conducted within a week after sample collection. Sample analysis The target PFC Compounds were extracted from 500 ml of water sample by using solid phase extraction cartridge (WAX®, Waters) and Sep-Pak concentrator plus (Waters). The pH of water samples were adjusted to 4 before the extraction by adding 2 ml of 0.5 M tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBA), and small amount of 4 M HCl when the pH did not reach 4 after TBA addition. Suspended solid were removed by glass fiber filter and stored in freezer under -20 ˚C for other analysis. The surfaces of experimental materials which touched individual water sample were washed with methanol, and the obtained solution was combined into the respective sample to avoid any loss of target Compounds by sorption onto the surfaces. The sample was loaded onto the cartridge by the concentrator, and 10 mL of 50% methanol was passed to the cartridge 3 times by the concentrator for washing the used materials and cartridge. The loaded cartridges were dried and stored under -20 ˚C before instrumental analysis. The target Compounds were eluted with 7 mL of 1% ammonia methanol, and the extract was concentrated to 200 μL for the analysis by LC-MS/MS (LC: Agilent, MS/MS: Micromass). QA/QC The recoveries of 35 PFCs among 45 PFCs analyzed were between 50 and 120%. Nine PFCs whose recoveries were below or above the range, and 1 PFC that suffered from carry-over in separation process by HPLC were omitted in this report, due to lack of accuracy for their concentration. Sampling blank, field blank, instrumental blank and procedural blank samples were also prepared and analyzed. It was confirmed that PFCs
Yasuyuki Zushi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Progress and perspective of Perfluorinated Compound risk assessment and management in various countries and institutes
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Zushi, Jonathan Nartey Hogarh, Shigeki MasunagaAbstract:Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related Compounds have recently been designated as target chemicals for regulation by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Many countries have investigated and tried to implement various countermeasures in response to this decision. In this article, we collect reports concerning regulations and risk evaluations of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) and review the current PFC management practiced in various countries. The first part of this review contains a comprehensive collection of proposed standard PFC values, including provisional tolerable daily intakes (pTDI), drinking water guidelines, and predicted non-effect concentrations (PNEC). The pTDI values ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 μg/kg/day for PFOS, and there are wide margins of safety for adults. Health risks for plant workers exposed to PFCs and for infants are of particular concern. The application of these proposed values in controlling PFC pollution is one approach that may effectively control human health risk without unduly sacrificing the benefits from PFC use. The second part of this review contains a collection and review of a number of regulations and countermeasures, such as an EU directive, regulation in Canada, and the Significant New Use Rule (SNUR), including voluntary control (i.e., production phase-out by 3M, stewardship programs, regulation in the semiconductor industry). Most of these regulations are based principally on the precautionary principle. However, they may not be as effective in pollution reduction as intended because the chemicals in question are already widely distributed in the environment owing to their use and mobility in the environment. In addition, these types of regulations would be non-operative in developing countries because rapidly growing economies place great demand on high performance materials, including PFCs. Further development of risk assessment methods that allow the evaluation of the counter risks of PFC alternatives and the loss of benefits from the PFC ban is necessary because of the possible continuous use of PFCs, especially in developing countries.
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gis based source identification and apportionment of diffuse water pollution Perfluorinated Compound pollution in the tokyo bay basin
Chemosphere, 2011Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Zushi, Shigeki MasunagaAbstract:To efficiently reduce Perfluorinated Compound (PFC) pollution, it is important to have an understanding of PFC sources and their contribution to the pollution. In this study, source identification of diffuse water pollution by PFCs was conducted using a GIS-based approach. Major components of the source identification were collection of the monitoring data and preparation of the corresponding geographic information that was extracted from a constructed GIS database. The spatially distributed pollution factors were then explored by multiple linear regression analysis, after which they were visually expressed using GIS. Among the 35 PFC homologues measured in a survey of the Tokyo Bay basin, 18 homologues were analyzed. Pollution by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was explained well by the percentage of arterial traffic area in the basin, and the 84% variance of the measured PFOS concentration was explained by two geographic variables, arterial traffic area and population. Source apportionment between point and nonpoint sources was conducted based on the results of the analysis. The contribution of PFOS from nonpoint sources was comparable to that from point sources in several major rivers flowing into Tokyo Bay. Source identification and apportionment using the GIS-based approach was shown to be effective, especially for ubiquitous types of pollution, such as PFC pollution.
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Identifying the nonpoint source of Perfluorinated Compounds using a geographic information system based approach.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Zushi, Shigeki MasunagaAbstract:Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) have been detected in a wide range of places. They have also been reported to come from nonpoint sources, but the origin of these sources has not been identified. In the present study, we attempted to characterize the nonpoint source of PFCs in the Hayabuchi River, Japan, which runs through an urban area, using a geographic information system (GIS) and statistical analysis. We also estimated annual PFC loads from nonpoint sources in Japan as a whole, determining a magnitude comparable to that from sewage treatment plants (STPs); the range was a few tons per year for each PFC. Perfluorinated Compound pollution in river water was found to increase when the river received drainage from an area with a high proportion of commercial and/or transportation land use. It was also found that more PFCs were discharged from the watersheds where train stations are located. This result could be interpreted as the use of land for commercial and transportation purposes is prevalent in close proximity to train stations, and that the effluents from those areas contain high concentrations of PFCs. These findings suggested that train stations could be indicators of nonpoint sources of PFCs.
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survey of Perfluorinated Compound pfc pollution in the basin of tokyo bay using the simultaneous analysis method for 35 types of pfcs
2009Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Zushi, Mamoru Motegi, Kiyoshi Nojiri, S Hosono, T Suzuki, Yuki Kosugi, Kumiko Yaguchi, Shigeki MasunagaAbstract:1 , pollution by PFCs has been continually reported. As mentioned above, many types of PFC homologue exist and they are complexly related to overall PFC pollution. Hence, the research on PFC pollution including PFOS, PFOA, and their precursors/derivatives are necessary. In this study, we developed a simultaneous analysis method of 35 types of PFCs, and applied it to the intensive survey of PFC pollution in the entire of Tokyo Bay basin. The current status of PFC pollution in Tokyo Bay basin is reported. Materials & Methods Collected samples River water and several sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent samples in Tokyo Bay basin were collected during April 3rd to May 1st, 2009. The samplings were carried out when there was no rain on the day of sampling and its previous day. The river water samples (n=50) were collected from the down-stream end of river in each watershed, such that samples should represent the water quality of the watershed. The STP effluent samples (n=6) were collected for purposes of comparison of PFC concentrations in the effluents with the concentrations in the river water samples. All samples were stored in cool box and transported to the laboratory for chemical analysis. The extraction for chemical analysis was conducted within a week after sample collection. Sample analysis The target PFC Compounds were extracted from 500 ml of water sample by using solid phase extraction cartridge (WAX®, Waters) and Sep-Pak concentrator plus (Waters). The pH of water samples were adjusted to 4 before the extraction by adding 2 ml of 0.5 M tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBA), and small amount of 4 M HCl when the pH did not reach 4 after TBA addition. Suspended solid were removed by glass fiber filter and stored in freezer under -20 ˚C for other analysis. The surfaces of experimental materials which touched individual water sample were washed with methanol, and the obtained solution was combined into the respective sample to avoid any loss of target Compounds by sorption onto the surfaces. The sample was loaded onto the cartridge by the concentrator, and 10 mL of 50% methanol was passed to the cartridge 3 times by the concentrator for washing the used materials and cartridge. The loaded cartridges were dried and stored under -20 ˚C before instrumental analysis. The target Compounds were eluted with 7 mL of 1% ammonia methanol, and the extract was concentrated to 200 μL for the analysis by LC-MS/MS (LC: Agilent, MS/MS: Micromass). QA/QC The recoveries of 35 PFCs among 45 PFCs analyzed were between 50 and 120%. Nine PFCs whose recoveries were below or above the range, and 1 PFC that suffered from carry-over in separation process by HPLC were omitted in this report, due to lack of accuracy for their concentration. Sampling blank, field blank, instrumental blank and procedural blank samples were also prepared and analyzed. It was confirmed that PFCs
Philippe Grandjean - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correction association between Perfluorinated Compound exposure and miscarriage in danish pregnant women
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Tina Kold Jensen, Louise Bjorkholt Andersen, Henriette Boye Kyhl, Flemming Nielsen, Henrik Thybo Christesen, Philippe GrandjeanAbstract:In Table 2, there are errors in the “N Miscarriage/birth” column. Please see the corrected Table 2 here. Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for miscarriage according to PFAS exposure as a continuous variable and in tertiles among 392 pregnant women from Odense, Denmark 2010–2012.
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association between Perfluorinated Compound exposure and miscarriage in danish pregnant women
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Tina Kold Jensen, Louise Bjorkholt Andersen, Henriette Boye Kyhl, Flemming Nielsen, Henrik Thybo Christesen, Philippe GrandjeanAbstract:Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) have been extensively used in consumer products and humans are widely exposed to these persistent Compounds. A recent study found no association between exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and miscarriage, but no studies have examined adverse effect of the more recently introduced PFASs. We therefore conducted a case-control study within a population-based, prospective cohort during 2010-2012. Newly pregnant women residing in the Municipality of Odense, Denmark were invited to enroll in the Odense Child Cohort at their first antenatal visit before pregnancy week 12. Among a total of 2,874 participating women, 88 suffered a miscarriage and 59 had stored serum samples, of which 56 occurred before gestational week 12. They were compared to a random sample (N=336) of delivering women, who had also donated serum samples before week 12. Using a case-control design, 51 of the women suffering a miscarriage were matched on parity and gestational day of serum sampling with 204 delivering women. In a multiple logistic regression with adjustment for age, BMI, parity and gestational age at serum sampling, women with the highest tertile of exposure to perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in pregnancy had odds ratios for miscarriage of 16.5 (95% CI 7.4-36.6-36.5) and 2.67 (1.31-5.44), respectively, as compared to the lowest tertile. In the matched data set, the OR were 37.9 (9.9-145.2) and 3.71 (1.60-8.60), respectively. The association with perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) was in the same direction, but not statistically significant, while no association was found with PFOA and PFOS. Our findings require confirmation due to the possible public health importance, given that all pregnant women are exposed to these widely used Compounds.
Sigmund E Lasker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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method for introducing oxygen 17 into tissue for imaging in a magnetic resonance imaging system
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 1992Co-Authors: Toshiyuki Arai, Pradeep M Gupte, Sigmund E LaskerAbstract:A diagnostic imaging agent is provided for use in conjunction with a magnetic resonance imaging system for the imaging of spacial oxygen distribution in tissue. The imaging agent is comprised of a complex of oxygen-17, a biologically acceptable liquid carrier, such as a Perfluorinated Compound, and an emulsifying agent, and wherein the agent has an average particle size of less than about 0.6 microns, and an ionic composition essentially equal to that of blood. Useful information can be obtained, and in certain instances, therapy administered, by a non-envasive imaging technique relative to tissue perfusion by 19 F-NMR (imaging of 19 F) and oxygen utilization by 1 H-NMR (imaging of H2 17 O as a metabolite).
Tina Kold Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correction association between Perfluorinated Compound exposure and miscarriage in danish pregnant women
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Tina Kold Jensen, Louise Bjorkholt Andersen, Henriette Boye Kyhl, Flemming Nielsen, Henrik Thybo Christesen, Philippe GrandjeanAbstract:In Table 2, there are errors in the “N Miscarriage/birth” column. Please see the corrected Table 2 here. Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for miscarriage according to PFAS exposure as a continuous variable and in tertiles among 392 pregnant women from Odense, Denmark 2010–2012.
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association between Perfluorinated Compound exposure and miscarriage in danish pregnant women
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Tina Kold Jensen, Louise Bjorkholt Andersen, Henriette Boye Kyhl, Flemming Nielsen, Henrik Thybo Christesen, Philippe GrandjeanAbstract:Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) have been extensively used in consumer products and humans are widely exposed to these persistent Compounds. A recent study found no association between exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and miscarriage, but no studies have examined adverse effect of the more recently introduced PFASs. We therefore conducted a case-control study within a population-based, prospective cohort during 2010-2012. Newly pregnant women residing in the Municipality of Odense, Denmark were invited to enroll in the Odense Child Cohort at their first antenatal visit before pregnancy week 12. Among a total of 2,874 participating women, 88 suffered a miscarriage and 59 had stored serum samples, of which 56 occurred before gestational week 12. They were compared to a random sample (N=336) of delivering women, who had also donated serum samples before week 12. Using a case-control design, 51 of the women suffering a miscarriage were matched on parity and gestational day of serum sampling with 204 delivering women. In a multiple logistic regression with adjustment for age, BMI, parity and gestational age at serum sampling, women with the highest tertile of exposure to perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in pregnancy had odds ratios for miscarriage of 16.5 (95% CI 7.4-36.6-36.5) and 2.67 (1.31-5.44), respectively, as compared to the lowest tertile. In the matched data set, the OR were 37.9 (9.9-145.2) and 3.71 (1.60-8.60), respectively. The association with perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) was in the same direction, but not statistically significant, while no association was found with PFOA and PFOS. Our findings require confirmation due to the possible public health importance, given that all pregnant women are exposed to these widely used Compounds.