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Olga Serra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • potato native and wound Periderms are differently affected by down regulation of fht a suberin feruloyl transferase
    Phytochemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Liqing Jin, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Merce Figueras, Ruth E Stark, Keyvan Dastmalchi, Qing Cai, Wenlin Huang, Joan Rigau
    Abstract:

    Abstract Potato native and wound healing Periderms contain an external multilayered phellem tissue (potato skin) consisting of dead cells whose cell walls are impregnated with suberin polymers. The phellem provides physical and chemical barriers to tuber dehydration, heat transfer, and pathogenic infection. Previous RNAi-mediated gene silencing studies in native Periderm have demonstrated a role for a feruloyl transferase (FHT) in suberin biosynthesis and revealed how its down-regulation affects both chemical composition and physiology. To complement these prior analyses and to investigate the impact of FHT deficiency in wound Periderms, a bottom-up methodology has been used to analyze soluble tissue extracts and solid polymers concurrently. Multivariate statistical analysis of LC-MS and GC-MS data, augmented by solid-state NMR and thioacidolysis, yields two types of new insights: the chemical compounds responsible for contrasting metabolic profiles of native and wound Periderms, and the impact of FHT deficiency in each of these plant tissues. In the current report, we confirm a role for FHT in developing wound Periderm and highlight its distinctive features as compared to the corresponding native potato Periderm.

  • Comprehensive MS and Solid-State NMR Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Molecular Variations in Native Periderms from Four Solanum tuberosum Potato Cultivars
    2017
    Co-Authors: Wenlin Huang, Olga Serra, Keyvan Dastmalchi, Liqing Jin, Lijia Yang, Ruth E Stark
    Abstract:

    The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks third in worldwide consumption among food crops. Whereas disposal of potato peels poses significant challenges for the food industry, secondary metabolites in these tissues are also bioactive and essential to crop development. The diverse primary and secondary metabolites reported in whole tubers and wound-healing tissues prompted a comprehensive profiling study of native Periderms from four cultivars with distinctive skin morphologies and commercial food uses. Polar and nonpolar soluble metabolites were extracted concurrently, analyzed chromatographically, and characterized with mass spectrometry; the corresponding solid interfacial polymeric residue was examined by solid-state 13C NMR. In total, 112 secondary metabolites were found in the phellem tissues; multivariate analysis identified 10 polar and 30 nonpolar potential biomarkers that distinguish a single cultivar among Norkotah Russet, Atlantic, Chipeta, and Yukon Gold cultivars which have contrasting russeting features. Compositional trends are interpreted in the context of Periderm protective function

  • silencing of the potato stnac103 gene enhances the accumulation of suberin polyester and associated wax in tuber skin
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2016
    Co-Authors: Roger Verdaguer, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Marcal Soler, Aida Garrote, Sandra Fernandez, Dolors Companyarumi, Enriqueta Antico, Merce Figueras
    Abstract:

    Suberin and wax deposited in the cork (phellem) layer of the Periderm form the lipophilic barrier that protects mature plant organs. Periderm lipids have been widely studied for their protective function with regards to dehydration and for how they respond to environmental stresses and wounding. However, despite advances in the biosynthetic pathways of suberin and associated wax, little is known about the regulation of their deposition. Here, we report on a potato NAC transcription factor gene, StNAC103, induced in the tuber phellem (skin). The StNAC103 promoter is active in cells undergoing suberization such as in the basal layer of the phellem, but also in the root apical meristem. Gene silencing in potato Periderm correlates with an increase in the suberin and wax load, and specifically in alkanes, ω-hydroxyacids, diacids, ferulic acid, and primary alcohols. Concomitantly, silenced lines also showed up-regulation of key genes related to the biosynthesis and transport of suberin and wax in the tuber Periderm. Taken together, our results suggest that StNAC103 has a role in the tight regulation of the formation of apoplastic barriers and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first candidate gene to be identified as being involved in the repression of suberin and wax deposition.

  • Deconstructing a Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance of Natural and Engineered Potato Suberins
    2016
    Co-Authors: Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Subhasish Chatterjee, Mercè Figueras, Ruth E Stark
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT: Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial inves-tigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for Periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic−aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded residues including suberan. Wound-healing suberized potato cell walls, which are 2 orders of magnitude more permeable to water than native Periderms, display a strikingly enhanced hydrophilic−hydrophobic balance, a degradation-resistant aromatic domain, and flexibility suggestive of an altered supramolecular organization in the Periderm. Suppression of ferulate ester formation in suberi

  • the identification and quantification of suberin monomers of root and tuber Periderm from potato solanum tuberosum as fatty acyl tert butyldimethylsilyl derivatives
    Phytochemical Analysis, 2016
    Co-Authors: Dolors Companyarumi, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Merce Figueras, Victoria Salvado, Enriqueta Antico
    Abstract:

    Introduction Protective plant lipophilic barriers such as suberin and cutin, with their associated waxes, are complex fatty acyl derived polyesters. Their precise chemical composition is valuable to understand the specific role of each compound to the physiological function of the barrier. Objectives To develop a method for the compositional analysis of suberin and associated waxes by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to ion trap-mass spectrometry (IT-MS) using N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyl-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) as sylilating reagent, and apply it to compare the suberin of the root and tuber Periderm of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Methodology Waxes and suberin monomers from root and Periderm were extracted subsequently using organic solvents and by methanolysis, and subjected to MTBSTFA derivatisation. GC analyses of Periderm extracts were used to optimise the chromatographic method and the compound identification. Quantitative data was obtained using external calibration curves. The method was fully validated and applied for suberin composition analyses of roots and Periderm. Results Wax and suberin compounds were successfully separated and compound identification was based on the specific (M-57) and non-specific ions in mass spectra. The use of calibration curves built with different external standards provided quantitative accurate data and showed that suberin from root contains shorter chained fatty acyl derivatives and a relative predominance of α,ω-alkanedioic acids compared to that of the Periderm. Conclusion We present a method for the analysis of suberin and their associated waxes based on MTBSTFA derivatisation. Moreover, the characteristic root suberin composition may be the adaptive response to its specific regulation of permeability to water and gases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Merce Figueras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • potato native and wound Periderms are differently affected by down regulation of fht a suberin feruloyl transferase
    Phytochemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Liqing Jin, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Merce Figueras, Ruth E Stark, Keyvan Dastmalchi, Qing Cai, Wenlin Huang, Joan Rigau
    Abstract:

    Abstract Potato native and wound healing Periderms contain an external multilayered phellem tissue (potato skin) consisting of dead cells whose cell walls are impregnated with suberin polymers. The phellem provides physical and chemical barriers to tuber dehydration, heat transfer, and pathogenic infection. Previous RNAi-mediated gene silencing studies in native Periderm have demonstrated a role for a feruloyl transferase (FHT) in suberin biosynthesis and revealed how its down-regulation affects both chemical composition and physiology. To complement these prior analyses and to investigate the impact of FHT deficiency in wound Periderms, a bottom-up methodology has been used to analyze soluble tissue extracts and solid polymers concurrently. Multivariate statistical analysis of LC-MS and GC-MS data, augmented by solid-state NMR and thioacidolysis, yields two types of new insights: the chemical compounds responsible for contrasting metabolic profiles of native and wound Periderms, and the impact of FHT deficiency in each of these plant tissues. In the current report, we confirm a role for FHT in developing wound Periderm and highlight its distinctive features as compared to the corresponding native potato Periderm.

  • silencing of the potato stnac103 gene enhances the accumulation of suberin polyester and associated wax in tuber skin
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2016
    Co-Authors: Roger Verdaguer, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Marcal Soler, Aida Garrote, Sandra Fernandez, Dolors Companyarumi, Enriqueta Antico, Merce Figueras
    Abstract:

    Suberin and wax deposited in the cork (phellem) layer of the Periderm form the lipophilic barrier that protects mature plant organs. Periderm lipids have been widely studied for their protective function with regards to dehydration and for how they respond to environmental stresses and wounding. However, despite advances in the biosynthetic pathways of suberin and associated wax, little is known about the regulation of their deposition. Here, we report on a potato NAC transcription factor gene, StNAC103, induced in the tuber phellem (skin). The StNAC103 promoter is active in cells undergoing suberization such as in the basal layer of the phellem, but also in the root apical meristem. Gene silencing in potato Periderm correlates with an increase in the suberin and wax load, and specifically in alkanes, ω-hydroxyacids, diacids, ferulic acid, and primary alcohols. Concomitantly, silenced lines also showed up-regulation of key genes related to the biosynthesis and transport of suberin and wax in the tuber Periderm. Taken together, our results suggest that StNAC103 has a role in the tight regulation of the formation of apoplastic barriers and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first candidate gene to be identified as being involved in the repression of suberin and wax deposition.

  • the identification and quantification of suberin monomers of root and tuber Periderm from potato solanum tuberosum as fatty acyl tert butyldimethylsilyl derivatives
    Phytochemical Analysis, 2016
    Co-Authors: Dolors Companyarumi, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Merce Figueras, Victoria Salvado, Enriqueta Antico
    Abstract:

    Introduction Protective plant lipophilic barriers such as suberin and cutin, with their associated waxes, are complex fatty acyl derived polyesters. Their precise chemical composition is valuable to understand the specific role of each compound to the physiological function of the barrier. Objectives To develop a method for the compositional analysis of suberin and associated waxes by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to ion trap-mass spectrometry (IT-MS) using N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyl-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) as sylilating reagent, and apply it to compare the suberin of the root and tuber Periderm of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Methodology Waxes and suberin monomers from root and Periderm were extracted subsequently using organic solvents and by methanolysis, and subjected to MTBSTFA derivatisation. GC analyses of Periderm extracts were used to optimise the chromatographic method and the compound identification. Quantitative data was obtained using external calibration curves. The method was fully validated and applied for suberin composition analyses of roots and Periderm. Results Wax and suberin compounds were successfully separated and compound identification was based on the specific (M-57) and non-specific ions in mass spectra. The use of calibration curves built with different external standards provided quantitative accurate data and showed that suberin from root contains shorter chained fatty acyl derivatives and a relative predominance of α,ω-alkanedioic acids compared to that of the Periderm. Conclusion We present a method for the analysis of suberin and their associated waxes based on MTBSTFA derivatisation. Moreover, the characteristic root suberin composition may be the adaptive response to its specific regulation of permeability to water and gases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • the potato suberin feruloyl transferase fht which accumulates in the phellogen is induced by wounding and regulated by abscisic and salicylic acids
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013
    Co-Authors: Pau Boher, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Marcal Soler, Merce Figueras
    Abstract:

    The present study provides new insights on the role of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) suberin feruloyl transferase FHT in native and wound tissues, leading to conclusions about hitherto unknown properties of the phellogen. In agreement with the enzymatic role of FHT, it is shown that its transcriptional activation and protein accumulation are specific to tissues that undergo suberization such as the root boundary layers of the exodermis and the endodermis, along with the tuber Periderm. Remarkably, FHT expression and protein accumulation within the Periderm is restricted to the phellogen derivative cells with phellem identity. FHT levels in the Periderm are at their peak near harvest during Periderm maturation, with the phellogen becoming meristematically inactive and declining thereafter. However, Periderm FHT levels remain high for several months after harvest, suggesting that the inactive phellogen retains the capacity to synthesize ferulate esters. Tissue wounding induces FHT expression and the protein accumulates from the first stages of the healing process onwards. FHT is up-regulated by abscisic acid and down-regulated by salicylic acid, emphasizing the complex regulation of suberin synthesis and wound healing. These findings open up new prospects important for the clarification of the suberization process and yield important information with regard to the skin quality of potatoes.

  • A potato skin SSH library yields new candidate genes for suberin biosynthesis and Periderm formation
    Planta, 2011
    Co-Authors: Marcal Soler, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Silvia Fluch, Merce Figueras
    Abstract:

    Potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) tubers are underground storage organs covered by the skin or Periderm, a suberized layer that protects inner flesh from dehydration and pathogens. Understanding the molecular processes associated with Periderm formation is of great importance for a better knowledge of this protective tissue and for improving the storage life of tubers. Here, to isolate new candidate genes for potato Periderm, a suppression subtractive hybridization library from potato skin was performed. This library yielded a comprehensive list of 108 candidate genes that were manually sorted in functional categories according to the main cellular and metabolic processes in Periderm. As expected, the list contains Suberin and wax genes, including some genes with a demonstrated role in the biosynthesis of these cell wall aliphatic compounds. Moreover, Regulation and Stress and defence genes are highly abundant in the library in general agreement with previous potato skin proteomic studies. The putative function of the genes in Periderm is discussed.

Marisa Molinas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • potato native and wound Periderms are differently affected by down regulation of fht a suberin feruloyl transferase
    Phytochemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Liqing Jin, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Merce Figueras, Ruth E Stark, Keyvan Dastmalchi, Qing Cai, Wenlin Huang, Joan Rigau
    Abstract:

    Abstract Potato native and wound healing Periderms contain an external multilayered phellem tissue (potato skin) consisting of dead cells whose cell walls are impregnated with suberin polymers. The phellem provides physical and chemical barriers to tuber dehydration, heat transfer, and pathogenic infection. Previous RNAi-mediated gene silencing studies in native Periderm have demonstrated a role for a feruloyl transferase (FHT) in suberin biosynthesis and revealed how its down-regulation affects both chemical composition and physiology. To complement these prior analyses and to investigate the impact of FHT deficiency in wound Periderms, a bottom-up methodology has been used to analyze soluble tissue extracts and solid polymers concurrently. Multivariate statistical analysis of LC-MS and GC-MS data, augmented by solid-state NMR and thioacidolysis, yields two types of new insights: the chemical compounds responsible for contrasting metabolic profiles of native and wound Periderms, and the impact of FHT deficiency in each of these plant tissues. In the current report, we confirm a role for FHT in developing wound Periderm and highlight its distinctive features as compared to the corresponding native potato Periderm.

  • silencing of the potato stnac103 gene enhances the accumulation of suberin polyester and associated wax in tuber skin
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2016
    Co-Authors: Roger Verdaguer, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Marcal Soler, Aida Garrote, Sandra Fernandez, Dolors Companyarumi, Enriqueta Antico, Merce Figueras
    Abstract:

    Suberin and wax deposited in the cork (phellem) layer of the Periderm form the lipophilic barrier that protects mature plant organs. Periderm lipids have been widely studied for their protective function with regards to dehydration and for how they respond to environmental stresses and wounding. However, despite advances in the biosynthetic pathways of suberin and associated wax, little is known about the regulation of their deposition. Here, we report on a potato NAC transcription factor gene, StNAC103, induced in the tuber phellem (skin). The StNAC103 promoter is active in cells undergoing suberization such as in the basal layer of the phellem, but also in the root apical meristem. Gene silencing in potato Periderm correlates with an increase in the suberin and wax load, and specifically in alkanes, ω-hydroxyacids, diacids, ferulic acid, and primary alcohols. Concomitantly, silenced lines also showed up-regulation of key genes related to the biosynthesis and transport of suberin and wax in the tuber Periderm. Taken together, our results suggest that StNAC103 has a role in the tight regulation of the formation of apoplastic barriers and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first candidate gene to be identified as being involved in the repression of suberin and wax deposition.

  • Deconstructing a Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance of Natural and Engineered Potato Suberins
    2016
    Co-Authors: Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Subhasish Chatterjee, Mercè Figueras, Ruth E Stark
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT: Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial inves-tigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for Periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic−aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded residues including suberan. Wound-healing suberized potato cell walls, which are 2 orders of magnitude more permeable to water than native Periderms, display a strikingly enhanced hydrophilic−hydrophobic balance, a degradation-resistant aromatic domain, and flexibility suggestive of an altered supramolecular organization in the Periderm. Suppression of ferulate ester formation in suberi

  • the identification and quantification of suberin monomers of root and tuber Periderm from potato solanum tuberosum as fatty acyl tert butyldimethylsilyl derivatives
    Phytochemical Analysis, 2016
    Co-Authors: Dolors Companyarumi, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Merce Figueras, Victoria Salvado, Enriqueta Antico
    Abstract:

    Introduction Protective plant lipophilic barriers such as suberin and cutin, with their associated waxes, are complex fatty acyl derived polyesters. Their precise chemical composition is valuable to understand the specific role of each compound to the physiological function of the barrier. Objectives To develop a method for the compositional analysis of suberin and associated waxes by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to ion trap-mass spectrometry (IT-MS) using N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyl-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) as sylilating reagent, and apply it to compare the suberin of the root and tuber Periderm of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Methodology Waxes and suberin monomers from root and Periderm were extracted subsequently using organic solvents and by methanolysis, and subjected to MTBSTFA derivatisation. GC analyses of Periderm extracts were used to optimise the chromatographic method and the compound identification. Quantitative data was obtained using external calibration curves. The method was fully validated and applied for suberin composition analyses of roots and Periderm. Results Wax and suberin compounds were successfully separated and compound identification was based on the specific (M-57) and non-specific ions in mass spectra. The use of calibration curves built with different external standards provided quantitative accurate data and showed that suberin from root contains shorter chained fatty acyl derivatives and a relative predominance of α,ω-alkanedioic acids compared to that of the Periderm. Conclusion We present a method for the analysis of suberin and their associated waxes based on MTBSTFA derivatisation. Moreover, the characteristic root suberin composition may be the adaptive response to its specific regulation of permeability to water and gases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • partial depolymerization of genetically modified potato tuber Periderm reveals intermolecular linkages in suberin polyester
    Phytochemistry, 2015
    Co-Authors: José Graça, Lukas Schreiber, Vanessa Cabral, Sara Santos, Pedro Lamosa, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Friedrich Kauder, Rochus Franke
    Abstract:

    Suberin is a biopolyester found in specialized plant tissues, both internal and external, with key frontier physiological functions. The information gathered so far from its monomer and oligomer composition, and in situ studies made by solid state techniques, haven't solved the enigma of how the suberin polyester is assembled as a macromolecule. To investigate how monomers are linked in suberin, we analyzed oligomer fragments solubilized by the partial depolymerization of suberin from potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber Periderms. The structure of the suberin oligomers, namely which monomers they included, and the type and frequency of the inter-monomer ester linkages, was assessed by ESI-MS/MS and high resolution NMR analysis. The analyzed potato Periderms included the one from wild type (cv. Desiree) and from plants where suberin-biosynthesis genes were downregulated in chain elongation (StKCS6), ω-hydroxylation (CYP86A33) and feruloylation (FHT). Two building blocks were identified as possible key structures in the macromolecular development of the potato Periderm suberin: glycerol - α,ω-diacid - glycerol, as the core of a continuous suberin aliphatic polyester; and glycerol - ω-hydroxyacid - ferulic acid, anchoring this polyaliphatic matrix at its periphery to the vicinal polyaromatics, through linking to ferulic acid. The silencing of the StKCS6 gene led to non-significant alterations in suberin structure, showing the relatively minor role of the very-long chain (>C28) fatty acids in potato suberin composition. The silencing of CYP86A33 gene impaired significantly suberin production and disrupted the biosynthesis of acylglycerol structures, proving the relevance of the latter and thus of the glycerol - α,ω-diacid - glycerol unit for the typical suberin lamellar organization. The silencing of the FHT gene led to a lower frequency of ferulate linkages in suberin polyester but to more polyphenolic guaiacyl units as seen by FTIR analyses in the intact polymer.

Rochus Franke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • partial depolymerization of genetically modified potato tuber Periderm reveals intermolecular linkages in suberin polyester
    Phytochemistry, 2015
    Co-Authors: José Graça, Lukas Schreiber, Vanessa Cabral, Sara Santos, Pedro Lamosa, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Friedrich Kauder, Rochus Franke
    Abstract:

    Suberin is a biopolyester found in specialized plant tissues, both internal and external, with key frontier physiological functions. The information gathered so far from its monomer and oligomer composition, and in situ studies made by solid state techniques, haven't solved the enigma of how the suberin polyester is assembled as a macromolecule. To investigate how monomers are linked in suberin, we analyzed oligomer fragments solubilized by the partial depolymerization of suberin from potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber Periderms. The structure of the suberin oligomers, namely which monomers they included, and the type and frequency of the inter-monomer ester linkages, was assessed by ESI-MS/MS and high resolution NMR analysis. The analyzed potato Periderms included the one from wild type (cv. Desiree) and from plants where suberin-biosynthesis genes were downregulated in chain elongation (StKCS6), ω-hydroxylation (CYP86A33) and feruloylation (FHT). Two building blocks were identified as possible key structures in the macromolecular development of the potato Periderm suberin: glycerol - α,ω-diacid - glycerol, as the core of a continuous suberin aliphatic polyester; and glycerol - ω-hydroxyacid - ferulic acid, anchoring this polyaliphatic matrix at its periphery to the vicinal polyaromatics, through linking to ferulic acid. The silencing of the StKCS6 gene led to non-significant alterations in suberin structure, showing the relatively minor role of the very-long chain (>C28) fatty acids in potato suberin composition. The silencing of CYP86A33 gene impaired significantly suberin production and disrupted the biosynthesis of acylglycerol structures, proving the relevance of the latter and thus of the glycerol - α,ω-diacid - glycerol unit for the typical suberin lamellar organization. The silencing of the FHT gene led to a lower frequency of ferulate linkages in suberin polyester but to more polyphenolic guaiacyl units as seen by FTIR analyses in the intact polymer.

  • suberin research in the genomics era new interest for an old polymer
    Plant Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Kosala Ranathunge, Lukas Schreiber, Rochus Franke
    Abstract:

    Suberin is an apoplastic biopolymer with tissue-specific deposition in the cell walls of the endo- and exodermis of roots, of Periderms including wound Periderm and other border tissues. Suberised cell walls contain both polyaliphatic and polyaromatic domains which are supposedly cross-linked. The predominant aliphatic components are ω-hydroxyacids, α,ω-diacids, fatty acids and primary alcohols, whereas hydroxycinnamic acids, especially ferulic acid, are the main components of the polyaromatic domain. Although the monomeric composition of suberin has been known for decades, its biosynthesis and deposition has mainly been a subject of speculation. Only recently, significant progress elucidating suberin biosynthesis has been achieved using molecular genetic approaches, especially in the model species Arabidopsis. In parallel, the long-standing hypothesis that suberin functions as an apoplastic barrier has been corroborated by sophisticated, quantitative physiological studies in the past decade. These studies demonstrated that suberised cell walls could act as barriers, minimising the movement of water and nutrients, restricting pathogen invasion and impeding toxic gas diffusion. In addition, suberised cell walls provide a barrier to radial oxygen loss from roots to the anaerobic root substrate in wetland plants. The recent onset of multidisciplinary approaches combining genetic, analytical and physiological studies has begun to deliver further insights into the physiological importance of suberin depositions in plants.

  • a feruloyl transferase involved in the biosynthesis of suberin and suberin associated wax is required for maturation and sealing properties of potato Periderm
    Plant Journal, 2010
    Co-Authors: Olga Serra, Rochus Franke, Marisa Molinas, Carolin Hohn, Salome Prat, Merce Figueras
    Abstract:

    Suberin and waxes embedded in the suberin polymer are key compounds in the control of transpiration in the tuber Periderm of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Suberin is a cell-wall biopolymer with aliphatic and aromatic domains. The aliphatic suberin consists of a fatty acid polyester with esterified ferulic acid, which is thought to play an important role in cross-linking to the aromatic domain. In potato, ferulic acid esters are also the main components of Periderm wax. How these ferulate esters contribute to the Periderm water barrier remains unknown. Here we report on a potato gene encoding a fatty omega-hydroxyacid/fatty alcohol hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (FHT), and study its molecular and physiological relevance in the tuber Periderm by means of a reverse genetic approach. In FHT RNAi Periderm, the suberin and its associated wax contained much smaller amounts of ferulate esters, in agreement with the in vitro ability of the FHT enzyme to conjugate ferulic acid with omega-hydroxyacid and fatty alcohols. FHT down-regulation did not affect the typical suberin lamellar ultrastructure but had significant effects on the anatomy, sealing properties and maturation of the Periderm. The tuber skin became thicker and russeted, water loss was greatly increased, and maturation was prevented. FHT deficiency also induced accumulation of the hydroxycinnamic acid amides feruloyl and caffeoyl putrescine in the Periderm. We discuss these results in relation to the role attributed to ferulates in suberin molecular architecture and Periderm impermeability.

  • cyp86a33 targeted gene silencing in potato tuber alters suberin composition distorts suberin lamellae and impairs the Periderm s water barrier function
    Plant Physiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Olga Serra, Rochus Franke, Lukas Schreiber, Marisa Molinas, Franck Pinot, Marcal Soler, Carolin Hohn, Vincent Sauveplane, Salome Prat, Merce Figueras
    Abstract:

    Suberin is a cell wall lipid polyester found in the cork cells of the Periderm offering protection against dehydration and pathogens. Its biosynthesis and assembly, as well as its contribution to the sealing properties of the Periderm, are still poorly understood. Here, we report on the isolation of the coding sequence CYP86A33 and the molecular and physiological function of this gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber Periderm. CYP86A33 was down-regulated in potato plants by RNA interference-mediated silencing. Periderm from CYP86A33-silenced plants revealed a 60% decrease in its aliphatic suberin load and greatly reduced levels of C18:1 ω-hydroxyacid (approximately 70%) and α,ω-diacid (approximately 90%) monomers in comparison with wild type. Moreover, the glycerol esterified to suberin was reduced by 60% in the silenced plants. The typical regular ultrastructure of suberin, consisting of dark and light lamellae, disappeared and the thickness of the suberin layer was clearly reduced. In addition, the water permeability of the Periderm isolated from CYP86A33-silenced lines was 3.5 times higher than that of the wild type. Thus, our data provide convincing evidence for the involvement of ω-functional fatty acids in establishing suberin structure and function.

  • wax and suberin development of native and wound Periderm of potato solanum tuberosum l and its relation to Peridermal transpiration
    Planta, 2005
    Co-Authors: Lukas Schreiber, Rochus Franke, Klaus Hartmann
    Abstract:

    Native and wound Periderm was isolated enzymatically from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) tubers at different time intervals between 0 days up to 4 weeks after harvesting. Wound Periderm formation was induced by carefully removing native Periderm from freshly harvested tubers before storage. The chemical composition of lipids (waxes) obtained by chloroform extraction, as well as the monomeric composition of native and wound suberin polymer after transesterification by boron trifluoride/methanol, was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both types of Periderm contained up to 20% extractable lipids. Besides linear long-chain aliphatic wax compounds, alkyl ferulates were detected as significant constituents. In wound Periderm they amounted to more than 60% of the total extracts. Within 1 month of storage, suberin amounts in the polymer increased 2-fold in native Periderm (180 μg cm−2), whereas in wound Periderm about 75.0 μg cm−2 suberin polymer was newly synthesized. Native potato tuber Periderm developed a very efficient transport barrier for water with permeances decreasing from 6.4×10−10 m s−1 to 5.5×10−11 m s−1 within 1 month of storage. However, the water permeability of wound Periderm was on average 100 times higher with permeances decreasing from 4.7×10−8 m s−1 after 3 days to only 5.4×10−9 m s−1 after 1 month of storage, although suberin and wax amounts in wound Periderm amounted to about 60% of native Periderm. From this result it must be concluded that the occurrence of suberin with wax depositions in cell walls does not necessarily allow us to conclude that these cell walls must be nearly perfect barriers to water transport. In addition to the occurrence of the lipophilic biopolymer suberin and associated waxes, the still unknown molecular arrangement and precisely localized deposition of suberin within the cell wall must contribute to the efficiency of suberin as a barrier to water transport.

Ruth E Stark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • potato native and wound Periderms are differently affected by down regulation of fht a suberin feruloyl transferase
    Phytochemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Liqing Jin, Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Merce Figueras, Ruth E Stark, Keyvan Dastmalchi, Qing Cai, Wenlin Huang, Joan Rigau
    Abstract:

    Abstract Potato native and wound healing Periderms contain an external multilayered phellem tissue (potato skin) consisting of dead cells whose cell walls are impregnated with suberin polymers. The phellem provides physical and chemical barriers to tuber dehydration, heat transfer, and pathogenic infection. Previous RNAi-mediated gene silencing studies in native Periderm have demonstrated a role for a feruloyl transferase (FHT) in suberin biosynthesis and revealed how its down-regulation affects both chemical composition and physiology. To complement these prior analyses and to investigate the impact of FHT deficiency in wound Periderms, a bottom-up methodology has been used to analyze soluble tissue extracts and solid polymers concurrently. Multivariate statistical analysis of LC-MS and GC-MS data, augmented by solid-state NMR and thioacidolysis, yields two types of new insights: the chemical compounds responsible for contrasting metabolic profiles of native and wound Periderms, and the impact of FHT deficiency in each of these plant tissues. In the current report, we confirm a role for FHT in developing wound Periderm and highlight its distinctive features as compared to the corresponding native potato Periderm.

  • Comprehensive MS and Solid-State NMR Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Molecular Variations in Native Periderms from Four Solanum tuberosum Potato Cultivars
    2017
    Co-Authors: Wenlin Huang, Olga Serra, Keyvan Dastmalchi, Liqing Jin, Lijia Yang, Ruth E Stark
    Abstract:

    The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks third in worldwide consumption among food crops. Whereas disposal of potato peels poses significant challenges for the food industry, secondary metabolites in these tissues are also bioactive and essential to crop development. The diverse primary and secondary metabolites reported in whole tubers and wound-healing tissues prompted a comprehensive profiling study of native Periderms from four cultivars with distinctive skin morphologies and commercial food uses. Polar and nonpolar soluble metabolites were extracted concurrently, analyzed chromatographically, and characterized with mass spectrometry; the corresponding solid interfacial polymeric residue was examined by solid-state 13C NMR. In total, 112 secondary metabolites were found in the phellem tissues; multivariate analysis identified 10 polar and 30 nonpolar potential biomarkers that distinguish a single cultivar among Norkotah Russet, Atlantic, Chipeta, and Yukon Gold cultivars which have contrasting russeting features. Compositional trends are interpreted in the context of Periderm protective function

  • Deconstructing a Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance of Natural and Engineered Potato Suberins
    2016
    Co-Authors: Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Subhasish Chatterjee, Mercè Figueras, Ruth E Stark
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT: Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial inves-tigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for Periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic−aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded residues including suberan. Wound-healing suberized potato cell walls, which are 2 orders of magnitude more permeable to water than native Periderms, display a strikingly enhanced hydrophilic−hydrophobic balance, a degradation-resistant aromatic domain, and flexibility suggestive of an altered supramolecular organization in the Periderm. Suppression of ferulate ester formation in suberi

  • Deconstructing a Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance of Natural and Engineered Potato Suberins
    2015
    Co-Authors: Olga Serra, Marisa Molinas, Subhasish Chatterjee, Mercè Figueras, Ruth E Stark
    Abstract:

    Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial investigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for Periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic–aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded residues including suberan. Wound-healing suberized potato cell walls, which are 2 orders of magnitude more permeable to water than native Periderms, display a strikingly enhanced hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance, a degradation-resistant aromatic domain, and flexibility suggestive of an altered supramolecular organization in the Periderm. Suppression of ferulate ester formation in suberin and associated wax remodels the Periderm with more flexible aliphatic chains and abundant aromatic constituents that can resist transesterification, attenuates cooperative hydroxyfatty acid motions, and produces a mechanically compromised and highly water-permeable Periderm