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Kevin D Hyde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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saprobic dothideomycetes in thailand neoaquastroma gen nov parabambusicolaceae introduced based on morphological and molecular data
Phytotaxa, 2017Co-Authors: Dhanushka N Wanasinghe, Kevin D Hyde, Sirinapa Konta, Chaiwat Toanun, E Gareth B JonesAbstract:In this paper we introduce Neoaquastroma , a novel genus from dead twigs, collected in northern Thailand. The genus is characterized by immersed, globose to subglobose or irregular-shaped ascomata, short papillate ostioles, a thin Peridium, clavate asci with short pedicels, and multi-septate, hyaline ascospores with guttules in each cell. The morphological character differences and analyses of combined LSU, TEF, SSU and ITS sequence datasets, from a single ascospore isolate, support the validity of the new genus and its placement in Parabambusicolaceae. The new genus is compared with other genera in the family and a comprehensive description, and micrographs are provided.
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taxonomy and phylogeny of laburnicola gen nov and paramassariosphaeria gen nov didymosphaeriaceae massarineae pleosporales
Fungal Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Dhanushka N Wanasinghe, E B G Jones, Erio Camporesi, Asha J Dissanayake, Sutakorn Kamolhan, Peter E Mortimer, Kamel A Abdelsalam, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Laburnicola gen. nov., with four new species, Paramassariosphaeria gen. nov., with a new species and Montagnula saikhuensis sp. nov. are introduced in this paper. The phylogeny of these taxa and genera of Didymosphaeriaceae are resolved based on analysis of combined LSU, SSU, and ITS sequence data. Laburnicola is characterized by obpyriform, immersed ascomata, with a Peridium fused to the host tissues, long pedicellate asci and ellipsoidal to fusoid ascospores, whose central cells have longitudinal septa and a rugged surface. Paramassariosphaeria is characterized by globose to subglobose ascomata, papillate ostioles, a Peridium comprising pseudoparenchymatous cells of textura angularis, cylindric-clavate to clavate, pedicellate asci and brown, curved-fusoid ascospores, with multiple transverse septa and a mucilaginous sheath. Montagnula saikhuensis has immersed ascomata, with a Peridium fused to the host tissues, long pedicellate asci and blackish brown, ellipsoidal ascospores with a single septum. The relationship of these taxa with other Didymosphaeriaceae species is discussed based on comparative morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Munkovalsaria appendiculata and Munkovalsaria donacina are transferred to the genus Montagnula.
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a new species of bird s nest fungi characterisation of cyathus subglobisporus sp nov based on morphological and molecular data
Persoonia, 2008Co-Authors: Ruilin Zhao, Dennis E Desjardin, Kasem Soytong, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Recent collections of bird’s nest fungi (i.e. Crucibulum, Cyathus, Mycocalia, Nidula, and Nidularia species) in northern Thailand resulted in the discovery of a new species of Cyathus, herein described as C. subglobisporus. This species is distinct by a combination of ivory-coloured fruiting bodies covered with shaggy hairs, plications on the inner surface of the Peridium and subglobose basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA sequences using neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood and weighted maximum parsimony support Cyathus subglobisporus as a distinct species and sister to a clade containing C. annulatus, C. renweii and C. stercoreus in the Striatum group.
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ribosomal dna phylogenies of cyathus is the current infrageneric classification appropriate
Mycologia, 2007Co-Authors: Ruilin Zhao, Rajesh Jeewon, Dennis E Desjardin, Kasem Soytong, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships within the ge- nus Cyathus (bird's nest fungi) were investigated with neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, weighted maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses of ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA sequences datasets. Twenty- two taxa of Cyathus were used in the analyses based primarily on type and authentic specimens. The current infrageneric classification system of Brodie recognizes seven infrageneric groups based on morphological characters, including Peridium plica- tions and variations in Peridium hair anatomy, peridiole structure and fruit-body color. These groups are not supported by molecular data. Instead the ITS and LSU datasets support recognition of three infrageneric groups herein named the ollum, palli- dum and striatum groups. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing these groups include basid- iospore size, fruit-body coloration and Peridium anatomy. Cyathus africanus var. latisporus is consid- ered a synonym of Cyathus jiayuguanensis, and a new combination Cyathus lanatus (Brodie) R.L. Zhao is proposed based on morphological and molecular data.
R H Marrs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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change to ecosystem properties through changing the dominant species impact of pteridium aquilinum control and heathland restoration treatments on selected soil properties
Journal of Environmental Management, 2018Co-Authors: Gregg Milligan, E S Cox, Robin J Pakeman, M Le G Duc, K E Booth, Leslie Connor, Sabena Blackbird, R H MarrsAbstract:It is well known that soils are influenced by the plant species that grow in them. Here we consider the effects of management-induced changes to plant communities and their soils during restoration within a 20-year manipulative experiment where the aim was to change a late-successional community dominated by the weed, Pteridium aquilinum, to an earlier-successional grass-heath one. The ecological restoration treatments altered the above- and below-ground components of the community substantially. Untreated plots maintained a dense Pteridium cover with little understory vegetation, cutting treatments produce significant reductions of Pteridium, whereas herbicide (asulam) produced significant immediate reductions in Pteridium but regressed towards the untreated plots within 10 years. Thereafter, all asulam-treated plots were re-treated in year 11, and then were spot-sprayed annually. Both cutting and asulam treatments reduced frond density to almost zero and resulted in a grass-heath vegetation. There was also a massive change in biomass distribution, untreated plots had a large above-ground biomass/necromass that was much reduced where Pteridium was controlled. Below-ground in treated plots, there was a replacement of the substantive Pteridium rhizome mass with a much greater root mass of other species. The combined effects of Pteridium-control and restoration treatment, reduced soil total C and N as and available P concentrations, but increased soil pH and available N. Soil biological activity was also affected with a reduction in soil N mineralization rate, but an increased soil-root respiration. Multivariate analysis showed a clear trend along a pH/organic matter gradient, with movement along it correlated to management intensity from the untreated plots with low pH/high organic matter and treated plots with to a higher pH/lower organic matter in the sequence asulam treatment, cut once per year to cut twice per year. The role that these changed soil conditions might have in restricting Pteridium recovery are discussed.
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a comparative study of resource allocation in pteridium in different brazilian ecosystems and its relationship with european studies
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2014Co-Authors: D Silva M Matos, Rafael De Oliveira Xavier, F C S Tiberio, R H MarrsAbstract:Pteridium is a cosmopolitan genus that acts as an invasive species in many parts of the world. Most research on this genus has occurred in Europe, and there is a lack of data on it from South America, in spite of causing considerable conservation problems. We compared the biomass allocation of P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum in two ecosystems in Brazil - Atlantic forest and Brazilian savanna. We measured the biomass of fronds, rhizomes and above-ground litter. We also compared the density, length and biomass of fronds from this Brazilian study with similar data of P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum derived from Venezuela and P. aquilinum from Europe. P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum showed a wide response range. We found a negative relationship between frond and necromass, indicating a negative feedback effect, while a positive relationship was observed between frond and rhizome biomass. The continental comparison of relationships showed that Pteridium responds in a different way in both Brazil and Europe, and that in Brazil fronds tend to be longer and heavier, presumably as a result of the continuous growing season in South America while is shortened in Europe by frost. The paper shows the ability of Pteridium to adapt to different ecosystems.
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effects of experimental restoration on the diaspore bank of an upland moor degraded by pteridium aquilinum invasion
Land Degradation & Development, 2007Co-Authors: Robin J Pakeman, M Le G Duc, Hugh A Mcallister, J Ghorbani, R H MarrsAbstract:We assessed the effects of a range of experimental restoration treatments on the diaspore bank (seed and spores) on an upland moor infested by dense Pteridium aquilinum, 9 years after implementation. Experimental treatment included both Pteridium control (cutting, spraying and combinations) and restoration treatments (grazing, seeding); both univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were used to assess significant effects. The seed bank was made up largely of Calluna vulgaris, Juncus effusus and Agrostis capillaris with the majority germinating from the litter (38 per cent) and upper soil layer (53 per cent). Soil depth influenced species composition and density, with greatest numbers near the surface, in keeping with a negative exponential response. In the lowest soil depth only ferns were abundant. A. capillaris seed density was greater in the most disturbed treatment (cut twice yearly with grazing), whereas C. vulgaris was greater in the low-disturbance treatment (herbicide application only). The diaspore bank composition response identified that certain treatment combinations had a grass-heath composition in the upper soil layer, which may assist future restoration. There was a significant effect of C. vulgaris seed addition detected in the Pteridium litter layer suggesting that this litter acted as a barrier to seed transfer to the soil. There was little evidence of coupling developing between the diaspore bank and vegetation. The most successful treatment combination was cutting twice per yr with low grazing plus C. vulgaris addition as brash. Where seed is added the Pteridium litter should be disturbed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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biological flora of the british isles pteridium aquilinum l kuhn
Journal of Ecology, 2006Co-Authors: R H Marrs, Alex S WattAbstract:Summary 1This account reviews information on all aspects of the biology of bracken Pteridium (mainly aquilinum ssp. aquilinum) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, reproductive characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2Pteridium is a complex genus comprising a number of species, subspecies and varieties. The treatment here is based on a recent revision that incorporates both morphological and molecular data, and is related to its geographical distribution. 3Pteridium is thought to be a woodland genus, but it can grow in the open. It is cosmopolitan and occurs on all continents except Antarctica. It responds to human disturbance and is often found in open spaces after forest clearance and cultivation. In some situations it can be a troublesome weed, causing problems for land managers. Moreover, its abundance and distribution in Britain are predicted to increase as a result of global climate change. 4Pteridium aquilinum ssp. aquilinum, the most common taxon in the British Isles, occurs in many plant communities, and it is apparently limited by frost and waterlogging. Its abundance has probably increased in the relatively recent past as a result of changing land management, and this increase impinges on plant communities with a high conservation interest. The changed land management reflects changing use of agricultural land and also a reduction in the use of Pteridium as a resource. Accordingly, in many places Pteridium is viewed as a weed and management is needed to control it and restore more desirable vegetation. These management techniques are summarized.
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the effects of cutting and herbicide treatment on pteridium aquilinum encroachment
Applied Vegetation Science, 2002Co-Authors: Robin J Pakeman, R H Thwaites, M Le G Duc, R H MarrsAbstract:Abstract Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) encroachment is an important factor in the loss of certain habitats in the United Kingdom. However, no information exists as to whether prevention of encroachment is a cost-effective strategy for Pteridium management. Conventional methods for the control of Pteridium (cutting, asulam application) were tested at one site (Levisham) to quantify their ability to prevent or delay encroachment and to affect the vigour of the Pteridium at the edge of the stand. The effects of encroachment and asulam application on the vegetation present were monitored at a second site (Ramsley), where techniques commonly used for moorland restoration were employed in combination with asulam application. Cutting once per year or a single application of asulam delayed the advance of the Pteridium front. At Levisham, the untreated front advanced 2.7 m in 5 yr, while in the same period the cut front advanced 0.88 m and the sprayed front was 1.5 m behind its initial position. At Ramsley, the un...
Matthew E Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systematic study of truffles in the genus ruhlandiella with the description of two new species from patagonia
Mycologia, 2019Co-Authors: Nattapol Kraisitudomsook, Rosanne A Healy, Alija B Mujic, Donald H Pfister, Eduardo Nouhra, Matthew E SmithAbstract:Ruhlandiella is a genus of exothecial, ectomycorrhizal fungi in the order Pezizales. Ascomata of exothecial fungi typically lack a Peridium and are covered with a hymenial layer instead. Ru...
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systematic study of truffles in the genus ruhlandiella with the description of two new species from patagonia
Mycologia, 2019Co-Authors: Nattapol Kraisitudomsook, Rosanne A Healy, Alija B Mujic, Donald H Pfister, Eduardo Nouhra, Matthew E SmithAbstract:Ruhlandiella is a genus of exothecial, ectomycorrhizal fungi in the order Pezizales. Ascomata of exothecial fungi typically lack a Peridium and are covered with a hymenial layer instead. Ruhlandiel...
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Morphological diversity and characters of truffles and their relatives.
2013Co-Authors: Gregory Bonito, Rosanne A Healy, Matthew E Smith, Akihiko Kinoshita, Efren Cazares, Gonzalo Guevara, Michael Nowak, Eduardo R. Nouhra, Laura S. Domínguez, Leho TedersooAbstract:A. An “Elfin-saddle” cup-fungus Helvella lacunose Fr. Asci line the outside of the fertile cap, which is borne upon a stipe composed of vegetative tissue; B. the “earth-tooth” fungus Underwoodia singer Gamundí & E. Horak. A layer of fertile tissue lines the outside of the tooth-shaped cap. C. Gymnohydnotrya sp. collected under Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp & Endl.) Krasser in Argentina and similar to sequences from Nothofagus mycorrhizas. Fertile asci line both the inside and the outside the fruiting body. D. Choiromyces alveolatus (Harkn.) Trappe, a Pinaceae associate from western North America. E. A knobby-shaped representative of the/puberulum lineage, a clade of small, whitish truffles. F. Tuber canaliculatum Gilkey has a Peridium covered in minute warts and its asci contain one or two reticulate spores. G. Flask-shaped ascus of the spiny-spored Tuber lyonii Butters with a stem at the point of attachment. H. Representative of the/japonicum lineage. I. Swollen beaded hyphae from the outer Peridium of species belonging to the/gibbosum lineage. J. Large pyramidal warts cover the outer surface of Tuber aestivum. K. The spores of Choiromyces meandriformis Vittad. are ornamented with unusual pitted tubes. L. Species in the/excavatum lineage have a thick outer Peridium and a partially enclosed internal cavity. M. Species in the/maculatum lineage have ellipsoid, alveolate-reticulate ascospores. N. The spores of Tuber sp.13 of the/melanosporum clade are particularly spiny. O. The spores of Tuber spinoreticulatum Uecker & Burds have spines that are irregularly connected by ridges that form a partial reticulation. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, E, F, H, J, L = 1 cm; G, I, K, M, N, O = 10 µm.
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rossbeevera yunnanensis boletaceae boletales a new sequestrate species from southern china
Mycotaxon, 2012Co-Authors: Takamichi Orihara, Matthew E Smith, Nitaro MaekawaAbstract:A new sequestrate (truffle-like) species, Rossbeevera yunnanensis, is described based on a collection from Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The species is morphologically characterized by its large, narrow, fusoid to fusiform basidiospores and remarkably thin Peridium. Maximum likelihood and neighbor joining phylogenies of our nLSU rDNA dataset indicate that the species constitutes the earliest diverging lineage within the genus Rossbeevera and has a close phylogenetic relationship to species of Leccinellum. Morphological and phylogenetic relationships to the other Asian members of Rossbeevera are discussed.
Ruilin Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new species of bird s nest fungi characterisation of cyathus subglobisporus sp nov based on morphological and molecular data
Persoonia, 2008Co-Authors: Ruilin Zhao, Dennis E Desjardin, Kasem Soytong, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Recent collections of bird’s nest fungi (i.e. Crucibulum, Cyathus, Mycocalia, Nidula, and Nidularia species) in northern Thailand resulted in the discovery of a new species of Cyathus, herein described as C. subglobisporus. This species is distinct by a combination of ivory-coloured fruiting bodies covered with shaggy hairs, plications on the inner surface of the Peridium and subglobose basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA sequences using neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood and weighted maximum parsimony support Cyathus subglobisporus as a distinct species and sister to a clade containing C. annulatus, C. renweii and C. stercoreus in the Striatum group.
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ribosomal dna phylogenies of cyathus is the current infrageneric classification appropriate
Mycologia, 2007Co-Authors: Ruilin Zhao, Rajesh Jeewon, Dennis E Desjardin, Kasem Soytong, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships within the ge- nus Cyathus (bird's nest fungi) were investigated with neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, weighted maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses of ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA sequences datasets. Twenty- two taxa of Cyathus were used in the analyses based primarily on type and authentic specimens. The current infrageneric classification system of Brodie recognizes seven infrageneric groups based on morphological characters, including Peridium plica- tions and variations in Peridium hair anatomy, peridiole structure and fruit-body color. These groups are not supported by molecular data. Instead the ITS and LSU datasets support recognition of three infrageneric groups herein named the ollum, palli- dum and striatum groups. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing these groups include basid- iospore size, fruit-body coloration and Peridium anatomy. Cyathus africanus var. latisporus is consid- ered a synonym of Cyathus jiayuguanensis, and a new combination Cyathus lanatus (Brodie) R.L. Zhao is proposed based on morphological and molecular data.
Nattapol Kraisitudomsook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systematic study of truffles in the genus ruhlandiella with the description of two new species from patagonia
Mycologia, 2019Co-Authors: Nattapol Kraisitudomsook, Rosanne A Healy, Alija B Mujic, Donald H Pfister, Eduardo Nouhra, Matthew E SmithAbstract:Ruhlandiella is a genus of exothecial, ectomycorrhizal fungi in the order Pezizales. Ascomata of exothecial fungi typically lack a Peridium and are covered with a hymenial layer instead. Ru...
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systematic study of truffles in the genus ruhlandiella with the description of two new species from patagonia
Mycologia, 2019Co-Authors: Nattapol Kraisitudomsook, Rosanne A Healy, Alija B Mujic, Donald H Pfister, Eduardo Nouhra, Matthew E SmithAbstract:Ruhlandiella is a genus of exothecial, ectomycorrhizal fungi in the order Pezizales. Ascomata of exothecial fungi typically lack a Peridium and are covered with a hymenial layer instead. Ruhlandiel...
