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W E Bradley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reflex innervation of the bulbocavernosus muscle
BJUI, 2001Co-Authors: C C Yang, W E BradleyAbstract:Objective To determine the somatic reflex innervation of the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM) and to illustrate the role of the Perineal Nerve in BCM contraction, using electrophysiological techniques. Subjects and methods Ten healthy, potent men underwent genital electrophysiological testing. Stimuli were applied to the dorsal Nerve of the penis at the base of the penis, glans and anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra, and the Perineal Nerve branch to the BCM. The electromyographic (EMG) responses of the BCM were recorded and onset latencies measured at baseline, both after anaesthetising the Perineal Nerve and after recovery from the anaesthetic. Results A reflex BCM contraction was elicited from all penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation sites. Anaesthetizing the Perineal Nerve resulted in alterations of the EMG response. After the anaesthetic effect wore off, the responses returned to baseline values. Conclusions Three distinct somatic bulbocavernosus reflexes were detected which are components of normal ejaculation. BCM contraction can be elicited after stimulating the dorsal penile Nerve at the glans and the anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra; these are the flexor responses of the bulbocavernosus reflex. BCM contraction can also be induced on stimulating the Perineal Nerve, which is the pathway through which the stretch and the tendon organ reflexes are carried to mediate muscle tone. The motor innervation of the BCM for all reflexes is carried through a branch of the Perineal Nerve. The findings may be relevant to the evaluation of ejaculatory disorders.
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cortical evoked responses from the Perineal Nerve
The Journal of Urology, 1999Co-Authors: Edward Uchio, C C Yang, Brenda G Kromm, W E BradleyAbstract:Purpose:: We characterize and determine normal reference latencies for the cortical evoked response from the Perineal Nerve.Materials and Methods:: A total of 15 healthy, potent men with a mean age of 31.3 ± 6.8 years underwent genital electrophysiological testing. Square wave stimuli were applied to the Perineal Nerve at the ventral base of the penis and the Perineal floor. Cortical evoked responses were recorded, and onset latencies were measured at baseline and after anesthetization of the dorsal Nerve of the penis.Results:: In all 15 subjects a cortical evoked response was elicited after penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the Perineal Nerve at the ventral base of the penis with a mean latency measured from the first positive deflection (P1) of 48.4 ± 7.8 milliseconds. Penile block of the dorsal Nerve of the penis did not change or abolish the cortical evoked response. A similar cortical evoked response was obtained, although less consistently, after penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the Perineal Nerve through its course in the Perineal flo...
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somatic innervation of the human bulbocavernosus muscle
Clinical Neurophysiology, 1999Co-Authors: C C Yang, W E BradleyAbstract:Abstract Objective : To demonstrate the somatic reflex innervation of the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM), the principal muscle for ejaculation. Methods : Genitourinary electrodiagnostic testing utilizing modifications of the standard bulbocavernosus reflex was performed in 13 healthy male volunteers ages 20–43. Results : Bulbocavernosus muscle contraction was elicited by penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the dorsal Nerve of the penis, from both the penile skin and from the anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra, and following penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the Perineal Nerve. Latencies were variable depending on the point of penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation. Conclusions : All 3 afferent pathways synapse on pudendal motoneurons in the conus medullaris, and provide for peripheral reflex control of BCM contractions. Based on the latencies of the penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral evoked responses, penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral innervation differs from penile shaft innervation, each having a distinct population of the dorsal Nerve of the penis (DNP) fibers. The presence of an electrically-defined pathway from the anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra to the BCM suggests that somatic afferents from the anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra are involved with the ejaculatory reflex. These somatic reflexes are components of normal ejaculatory function. The findings contribute to understanding the neurophysiology of ejaculation, and may be applicable to the evaluation of ejaculatory disorders.
C C Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reflex innervation of the bulbocavernosus muscle
BJUI, 2001Co-Authors: C C Yang, W E BradleyAbstract:Objective To determine the somatic reflex innervation of the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM) and to illustrate the role of the Perineal Nerve in BCM contraction, using electrophysiological techniques. Subjects and methods Ten healthy, potent men underwent genital electrophysiological testing. Stimuli were applied to the dorsal Nerve of the penis at the base of the penis, glans and anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra, and the Perineal Nerve branch to the BCM. The electromyographic (EMG) responses of the BCM were recorded and onset latencies measured at baseline, both after anaesthetising the Perineal Nerve and after recovery from the anaesthetic. Results A reflex BCM contraction was elicited from all penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation sites. Anaesthetizing the Perineal Nerve resulted in alterations of the EMG response. After the anaesthetic effect wore off, the responses returned to baseline values. Conclusions Three distinct somatic bulbocavernosus reflexes were detected which are components of normal ejaculation. BCM contraction can be elicited after stimulating the dorsal penile Nerve at the glans and the anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra; these are the flexor responses of the bulbocavernosus reflex. BCM contraction can also be induced on stimulating the Perineal Nerve, which is the pathway through which the stretch and the tendon organ reflexes are carried to mediate muscle tone. The motor innervation of the BCM for all reflexes is carried through a branch of the Perineal Nerve. The findings may be relevant to the evaluation of ejaculatory disorders.
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cortical evoked responses from the Perineal Nerve
The Journal of Urology, 1999Co-Authors: Edward Uchio, C C Yang, Brenda G Kromm, W E BradleyAbstract:Purpose:: We characterize and determine normal reference latencies for the cortical evoked response from the Perineal Nerve.Materials and Methods:: A total of 15 healthy, potent men with a mean age of 31.3 ± 6.8 years underwent genital electrophysiological testing. Square wave stimuli were applied to the Perineal Nerve at the ventral base of the penis and the Perineal floor. Cortical evoked responses were recorded, and onset latencies were measured at baseline and after anesthetization of the dorsal Nerve of the penis.Results:: In all 15 subjects a cortical evoked response was elicited after penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the Perineal Nerve at the ventral base of the penis with a mean latency measured from the first positive deflection (P1) of 48.4 ± 7.8 milliseconds. Penile block of the dorsal Nerve of the penis did not change or abolish the cortical evoked response. A similar cortical evoked response was obtained, although less consistently, after penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the Perineal Nerve through its course in the Perineal flo...
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somatic innervation of the human bulbocavernosus muscle
Clinical Neurophysiology, 1999Co-Authors: C C Yang, W E BradleyAbstract:Abstract Objective : To demonstrate the somatic reflex innervation of the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM), the principal muscle for ejaculation. Methods : Genitourinary electrodiagnostic testing utilizing modifications of the standard bulbocavernosus reflex was performed in 13 healthy male volunteers ages 20–43. Results : Bulbocavernosus muscle contraction was elicited by penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the dorsal Nerve of the penis, from both the penile skin and from the anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra, and following penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the Perineal Nerve. Latencies were variable depending on the point of penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation. Conclusions : All 3 afferent pathways synapse on pudendal motoneurons in the conus medullaris, and provide for peripheral reflex control of BCM contractions. Based on the latencies of the penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral evoked responses, penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral innervation differs from penile shaft innervation, each having a distinct population of the dorsal Nerve of the penis (DNP) fibers. The presence of an electrically-defined pathway from the anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra to the BCM suggests that somatic afferents from the anterior penisme/topic-urethra/">urethra are involved with the ejaculatory reflex. These somatic reflexes are components of normal ejaculatory function. The findings contribute to understanding the neurophysiology of ejaculation, and may be applicable to the evaluation of ejaculatory disorders.
Kenneth J Gustafson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the feline dorsal Nerve of the penis arises from the deep Perineal Nerve and not the sensory afferent branch
Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 2008Co-Authors: Timothy Y Mariano, Adam Boger, Kenneth J GustafsonAbstract:The cat has been used extensively as an animal model for urogenital studies involving the pudendal Nerve. However, discrepancies persist in the literature regarding the origin of the dorsal Nerve of the penis (DNP). This study used gross dissections and serial histological cross sections to demonstrate that the DNP arises from the deep Perineal Nerve and not the sensory afferent branch as previously reported. This finding indicates a better than previously appreciated neuroanatomical homology between the cat and human.
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spinal micturition reflex mediated by afferents in the deep Perineal Nerve
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2005Co-Authors: Joseph W Boggs, Kenneth J Gustafson, Brian J Wenzel, Warren M GrillAbstract:Reflexes mediated by penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral sensory pathways are integral to urinary function. This study investigated the changes in bladder pressure and penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral sphincter activity resulting from electrical st...
Warren M Grill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spinal micturition reflex mediated by afferents in the deep Perineal Nerve
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2005Co-Authors: Joseph W Boggs, Kenneth J Gustafson, Brian J Wenzel, Warren M GrillAbstract:Reflexes mediated by penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral sensory pathways are integral to urinary function. This study investigated the changes in bladder pressure and penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral sphincter activity resulting from electrical st...
A Shafik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perineal Nerve stimulation: role in penile erection
International Journal of Impotence Research, 1997Co-Authors: A ShafikAbstract:The effect of Perineal Nerve penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation on penile erection was studied in ten dogs. Through a para-anal incision, the Nerve was exposed in the ischiorectal fossa and a bipolar electrode was applied to it. A radiofrequency receiver was implanted subcutaneously in the abdomen. Upon Perineal Nerve penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation, the corporeal pressure and EMG activity of the bulbo- and ischiocavernosus muscles increased; penile erection occured. With increased stimulus frequency up to 80 Hz, the pressure and muscles’ response augmented while the latency and duration of response diminished. No further changes occurred above a frequency of 80 Hz ( P >0.05). Response was reproducible indefinitely after an off-time of double the time of the penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation phase. Penile erection upon Perineal Nerve penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation is suggested to be an effect of corporeal pressure elevation resulting from cavernosus muscles’ contraction. In terms of force and speed of contraction, a stimulus frequency of 80 Hz evokes the most adequate cavernosus muscles’ contraction.
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Perineal Nerve stimulation for urinary sphincter control experimental study
Urological Research, 1994Co-Authors: A ShafikAbstract:The effect of electropenisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the Perineal Nerve on the external penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral sphincter (EUS) and penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral pressure was studied in 9 dogs. The Nerve was displayed in the ischiorectal fossa through a para-anal incision and an electrode was applied to it. Perineal Nerve penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation effected an increase of the penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral pressure (P 0.05). The greater the stimulus frequency, the higher the rise of the penisme/topic-urethra/">urethral pressure and EUS activity up to 50 Hz beyond which no further increase occurred. The duration of response diminished with increased frequency, the shortest being at 80 Hz (P < 0.001). The latency of the response decreased with increased stimulus frequency (P < 0.05). In terms of force and speed of contraction, stimulus frequency of 50 Hz evokes the most adequate EUS contraction. An off-time of double the penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation phase allows indefinite re-penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation. Chronic electropenisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation of the Perineal Nerve may restore the sphincter tone so that Perineal penisme/topic-stimulation/">stimulation could be dispensed with.