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Yoshitaka Kamimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mating and genital coupling in the primitive earwig species echinosoma denticulatum pygidicranidae implications for genital evolution in dermapteran phylogeny
Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 2014Co-Authors: Yoshitaka Kamimura, Chowyang LeeAbstract:Dermaptera (earwigs) shows much diversity in the genital structures, the presence of either one or two male intromittent organs (penes) being one striking aspect. The members of several groups (Karschiellidae, Eudermaptera, Arixeniina, and Hemimerina) possess a single functional Penis, while others have a pair of penes. The latter condition is considered to be plesiomorphic in Dermaptera. Despite its importance for inferring the phylogeny of Dermaptera, it is presently unclear how the ancestor of earwigs acquired paired penes. To estimate the mode of mating and sperm transfer in the common ancestor of extant earwigs, this study examines the mating behavior and genital coupling of the primitive earwig species Echinosoma denticulatum Hincks, 1959 as a representative of Pygidicranidae, one of the basal-most assemblages of earwigs. Staged mating experiments, including surgical manipulation of male penes revealed the following characteristics for this species: (1) males use only one of the paired penes for a single genital coupling; (2) both penes are likely functional; (3) there are no consistent biases in usage of the penes; (4) laterality of the Penis-use pattern is not related to the direction of rotation of the male abdomen to establish genital coupling; (5) sperm are transferred directly into the spermatheca, a female sperm storage organ; (6) the spined area of the Penis inflicts wounds on the vagina around the spermathecal opening, which bears many setae, during copulation. Characteristics (1)–(4) are considered to be plesiomorphic and may represent the condition of the common ancestor. Traumatic penetration during copulation is reported for earwigs for the first time. Together with intermittent acceptance of courting males by females only after a certain interval, these results suggest sexual conflict over mating in this species .
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genital morphology and mating behaviour of allostethus dermaptera an earwig genus of enigmatic phylogenetic position
Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 2014Co-Authors: Yoshitaka Kamimura, Chowyang LeeAbstract:In the suborder Forficulina (order Dermaptera; earwigs), the families Apachyidae, Anisolabididae, and Labiduridae form a possibly paraphyletic assemblage Mesodermaptera, which is characterized by laterally paired penes that point in opposite directions (anterior and posterior) when in repose. A previous study of a labidurid species, Labidura riparia (Pallas, 1773), revealed that males predominantly use the right Penis for insemination, although both penes are functional. This result suggests that labidurids may have retained handedness in Penis use, leading eventually to the loss of the less frequently used left Penis in the common ancestor of the Eudermaptera, estimated to be the sister clade of Labiduridae. However, Haas & KuKalova-PecK (2001: European Journal of Entomology 98: 445 – 509) included another representative of Labiduridae, Allostethus indicum (Burmeister, 1838) (Allostethinae) in their extensive phylogenetic analysis, and found that hindwing structures of this species showed multiple plesiomorphic characteristics, making Labiduridae (sensu lato) a polyphyletic assemblage. The aim of the present study was to describe the genital structures and copulation of A. indicum in detail. The genital morphologies of a congener and other labidurid genera (Nala, Labidura, Forcipula) were also examined for comparison. Male A. indicum predominantly used (or were ready to use) the right Penis for insemination, as in L. riparia. However, the possible female genital structure responsible for this handedness differed between the two species: the base of the spermatheca showed a striking spiral in L. riparia, while the spermatheca opened to an asymmetrically arranged vagina in Allostethus. Female Allostethus also possessed a pair of elongated thin tubes, which have to date been reported only for the basal groups of earwigs, as well as the vagina and the internally branched spermatheca. The developmental origin of an ovipositor-like sutucture also differs between Allostethus and the other labidurids examined, lending support to the polyphyly of Labiduridae sensu lato.
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right handed Penises of the earwig labidura riparia insecta dermaptera labiduridae evolutionary relationships between structural and behavioral asymmetries
Journal of Morphology, 2006Co-Authors: Yoshitaka KamimuraAbstract:The number of Penises vary in the insect suborder Forficulina (order Dermaptera; earwigs). Males of the families Diplatyidae, Pigidicranidae, Anisolabididae, Apachyidae, and Labiduridae have two Penises (right and left), while those of the Spongipohridae, Chelisochidae, and Forficulidae have a single Penis. The proposed phylogenetic relationships among these families suggest that the single-Penis families evolved from an ancestor possessing two Penises. To date, examinations of double-Penis earwig species have found that only a single Penis is used per single copulation. These diversities in structural and behavioral aspects of genitalia raises the following intriguing questions: How are the two Penises used? Why did a Penis degenerate in several earwig families, and which one was lost? To address these questions, structural and behavioral asymmetries were examined in detail for a representative species Labidura riparia (Labiduridae). Although there was no detectable morphological differentiation between the right and left Penises, male L. riparia predominantly used the right one for insemination. This significant "right-handedness" developed without any experience of mating and was also manifested in the resting postures of the two Penises when not engaged in copulation. However, surgical ablation of the right Penis did not influence the insemination capacity of males. In wild-caught males, only about 10% were left-handed; within this group, abnormalities were frequently observed in the right Penis. These lines of evidence indicate that the left Penis is merely a spare intromittent organ, which most L. riparia males are likely never to use. Additional observations of five species of single-Penis families revealed that the left Penis degenerated in the common ancestor of this group. Considering the proposed sister relationship between the Labiduridae and the single-Penis families, it is possible that such behavioral asymmetries in Penis' use, as observed in L. riparia, are parental to the evolutionary degeneration of the infrequently used left Penis.
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right handed Penises of the earwig labidura riparia insecta dermaptera labiduridae evolutionary relationships between structural and behavioral asymmetries
Journal of Morphology, 2006Co-Authors: Yoshitaka KamimuraAbstract:The number of Penises vary in the insect suborder Forficulina (order Dermaptera; earwigs). Males of the families Diplatyidae, Pigidicranidae, Anisolabididae, Apachyidae, and Labiduridae have two Penises (right and left), while those of the Spongipohridae, Chelisochidae, and Forficulidae have a single Penis. The proposed phylo- genetic relationships among these families suggest that the single-Penis families evolved from an ancestor possess- ing two Penises. To date, examinations of double-Penis ear- wig species have found that only a single Penis is used per single copulation. These diversities in structural and be- havioral aspects of genitalia raises the following intriguing questions: How are the two Penises used? Why did a Penis degenerate in several earwig families, and which one was lost? To address these questions, structural and behavioral asymmetries were examined in detail for a representative species Labidura riparia (Labiduridae). Although there was no detectable morphological differentiation between the right and left Penises, male L. riparia predominantly used the right one for insemination. This significant ''right-handedness'' developed without any experience of mating and was also manifested in the resting postures of the two Penises when not engaged in copulation. However, surgical ablation of the right Penis did not influence the in- semination capacity of males. In wild-caught males, only about 10% were left-handed; within this group, abnormal- ities were frequently observed in the right Penis. These lines of evidence indicate that the left Penis is merely a spare intromittent organ, which most L. riparia males are likely never to use. Additional observations of five species of single-Penis families revealed that the left Penis degen- erated in the common ancestor of this group. Considering the proposed sister relationship between the Labiduridae and the single-Penis families, it is possible that such be- havioral asymmetries in Penis' use, as observed in L. riparia, are parental to the evolutionary degeneration of the in- frequently used left Penis. J. Morphol. 267:1381-1389, 2006. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Petter Hedlund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibition of rho kinase improves erectile function increases nitric oxide signaling and decreases penile apoptosis in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury
The Journal of Urology, 2013Co-Authors: Johanna L Hannan, Arthur L Burnett, Christian Gratzke, Christian G Stief, Maarten Albersen, Omer Kutlu, Jeffrey J Lysiak, Petter HedlundAbstract:Purpose: Bilateral cavernous nerve injury results in up-regulation of ROCK signaling in the Penis. This is linked to erectile dysfunction in an animal model of post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. We evaluated whether daily treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, Missouri) would prevent erectile dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury.Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley® rats underwent surgery to create sham (14) or bilateral (27) cavernous nerve injury. In the injury group 13 rats received treatment with Y-27632 (5 mg/kg twice daily) and 14 received vehicle. At 14 days after injury, rats underwent cavernous nerve stimulation to determine erectile function. Penes were assessed for neuronal and nitric oxide synthase membrane-endothelial nitric oxide synthase. ROCK2 was assessed by Western blot. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cavernous homogenates were tested for ROCK and protein kinase G enzy...
Arthur L Burnett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Erection capability is potentiated by longterm sildenafil treatment: role of blood flow-induced endothelial nitric-oxide synthase phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol 2005;68:226–32
2020Co-Authors: Biljana Musicki, Hunter C Champion, Robyn E Becker, Tongyun Liu, Melissa F Kramer, Arthur L BurnettAbstract:ABSTRACT Despite demonstrated clinical efficacy of sildenafil for the temporary treatment of erectile dysfunction, the possibility that sildenafil used long-term durably augments erectile ability remains unclear. We investigated whether continuous long-term administration of sildenafil at clinically relevant levels to aged rats "primes" the Penis for improved erectile ability and involves nitric oxide (NO) or RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathways. In aged, but not young rats, sildenafil prolonged erection and increased the protein expressions of phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at serine-1177 and phosphorylated Akt at serine-473 in penes. Only in the young rat Penis, protein expressions of phosphodiesterase-5 and phosphomyosin phosphatase target subunit 1, a marker of Rho-kinase activity, were increased by sildenafil. Sildenafil inhibited phosphodiesterase-5 activity in penes of young and aged rats coincident with assayed free plasma levels of the drug equivalent to clinically therapeutic measurements. We conclude that erectile ability can be enhanced under preconditions of erectile impairment by long-term inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 and that the effect is mediated by Akt-dependent eNOS phosphorylation. The lack of erectile ability enhancement in young rats by long-term phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition may relate to restrained NO signaling by phosphodiesterase-5 up-regulation, lack of incremental Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and heightened Rho-kinase signaling in the Penis
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Phosphorylated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates Vascular Endothelial
2016Co-Authors: Growth Factor-induced, Biljana Musicki, Penile Erection, Michael A. Palese, Julie K. Crone, Arthur L BurnettAbstract:The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced penile erec-tion is mediated by activation of endothelial nitric oxide syn-thase (eNOS) through its phosphorylation. We assessed the role of constitutively activated eNOS in VEGF-induced penile erec-tion using wild-type (WT) and eNOS-knockout (eNOS2/2) mice with and without vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Adult WT and eNOS2/2 mice were subjected to sham operation or bilateral castration to induce vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. At the time of surgery, animals were injected intracavernosally with a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing human VEGF145 (109 particle units) or with empty virus (Ad.Null). After 7 days, erectile function was assessed in response to cavernous nerve electrical stimulation. Total and phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) as well as total and phosphorylated eNOS were quan-titatively assessed in mice penes using Western immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. In intact WT mice, VEGF145 signifi-cantly increased erectile responses, and in WT mice after cas-tration, it completely recovered penile erection. However, VEGF145 failed to increase erectile responses in intact eNOS2/ 2 mice and only partially recovered erectile function in castrated eNOS2/2 mice. In addition, VEGF145 significantly increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Serine 1177 by approximately 2-fold in penes of both intact and castrated WT mice. The data provide a molecular explanation for VEGF stimulatory effect on penile erection, which involves phosphorylated eNOS (Serine 1177) mediation. growth factors, male reproductive tract, nitric oxide, Penis, signal transductio
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inhibition of rho kinase improves erectile function increases nitric oxide signaling and decreases penile apoptosis in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury
The Journal of Urology, 2013Co-Authors: Johanna L Hannan, Arthur L Burnett, Christian Gratzke, Christian G Stief, Maarten Albersen, Omer Kutlu, Jeffrey J Lysiak, Petter HedlundAbstract:Purpose: Bilateral cavernous nerve injury results in up-regulation of ROCK signaling in the Penis. This is linked to erectile dysfunction in an animal model of post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. We evaluated whether daily treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, Missouri) would prevent erectile dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury.Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley® rats underwent surgery to create sham (14) or bilateral (27) cavernous nerve injury. In the injury group 13 rats received treatment with Y-27632 (5 mg/kg twice daily) and 14 received vehicle. At 14 days after injury, rats underwent cavernous nerve stimulation to determine erectile function. Penes were assessed for neuronal and nitric oxide synthase membrane-endothelial nitric oxide synthase. ROCK2 was assessed by Western blot. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cavernous homogenates were tested for ROCK and protein kinase G enzy...
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activated rhoa rho kinase impairs erectile function after cavernous nerve injury in rats
The Journal of Urology, 2010Co-Authors: Christian Gratzke, Hunter C Champion, Arthur L Burnett, Travis D Strong, Milena A Gebska, Christian G Stief, Trinity J BivalacquaAbstract:Purpose: RhoA and rho kinase serve as key regulators of penile vascular homeostasis. The role of RhoA/rho kinase signaling in the Penis after cavernous nerve injury has not been fully investigated. We characterized the molecular expression profiles of RhoA/rho kinase signaling that occur in the Penis after cavernous nerve injury. We hypothesized that erectile dysfunction after bilateral cavernous nerve injury is accompanied by up-regulation of RhoA/rho kinase activity in the rat Penis.Material and Methods: We used 2 groups, including sham operation and bilateral cavernous nerve injury. At 14 days after nerve injury each group underwent cavernous nerve stimulation to determine erectile function at baseline and after intracavernous injection of the rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, Missouri). Penes were assessed at baseline for protein expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, RhoA, and rho kinase 1 and 2 by Western blot, immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, rho...
Hernisa, Merry Putri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ANALISIS FKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KONDILOMA AKUMINATA DI POLIKLINIK KULIT DAN KELAMIN RSUD Dr. H. ABDUL MOELOEK BANDAR LAMPUNG TAHUN 2016
'Universitas Malahayati Bandar Lampung', 2019Co-Authors: Effendi Arif, Silvia Eka, Hernisa, Merry PutriAbstract:Latar Belakang: Kondiloma Akuminata (KA) adalah kelainan kulit berupa vegetasi bertangkai dengan permukaan berjonjot oleh Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) tipe tertentu. Penyakit ini tergolong penyakit Infeksi menular Seksual yang penyebaran kosmopolit melalui hubungan seksual. Predileksi tersering yang dijumpai pada wanita adalah di vulva, labia mayora, labia minora dan serviks sedangkan pada laki-laki kutil sering ditemukan di sulcus coronaria, preputium Penis, glans Penis, korpus Penis dan anus. Faktor-faktor penyebab yang mempengaruhi kejadian KA diantaranya adalah usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas seksual, merokok, kehamilan, riwyat IMS dan penurunan daya tahan tubuh.Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, pendidiikan dan status perkawinan dengan kejadian Kondiloma Akuminata di poliklinik kulit dan kelamin RSUD DR. H. Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung tahun 2016.Metode Penelitian: Deskriptif analitik melalui studi rekam medik pasien yang berobat ke poliklinik kulit dan kelamin RSUD DR. H. Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung tahun 2016. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua pasien IMS yang berobat ke poli kulit dan kelamin. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil Penelitian: Pada pasien KA yang tercatat di data rekam medik RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeleok Bandar Lampung tahun 2016 memperlihatkan kelompok umur terbanyak adalah usia 20-40 tahun sebanyak 42 orang (51,9%) pada jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 54 orang (66,7%) dengan pendidikan rendah sebanyak 66 orang (81,5%) dengan status kawin sebanyak 62 orang (76,5%) .Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan status perkawinan dengan kejadian Kondiloma Akuminata pada pasien IMS yang berobat di poliklinik kulit dan kelamin RSUD DR. H. Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung tahun 2016
Christian Gratzke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibition of rho kinase improves erectile function increases nitric oxide signaling and decreases penile apoptosis in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury
The Journal of Urology, 2013Co-Authors: Johanna L Hannan, Arthur L Burnett, Christian Gratzke, Christian G Stief, Maarten Albersen, Omer Kutlu, Jeffrey J Lysiak, Petter HedlundAbstract:Purpose: Bilateral cavernous nerve injury results in up-regulation of ROCK signaling in the Penis. This is linked to erectile dysfunction in an animal model of post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. We evaluated whether daily treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, Missouri) would prevent erectile dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury.Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley® rats underwent surgery to create sham (14) or bilateral (27) cavernous nerve injury. In the injury group 13 rats received treatment with Y-27632 (5 mg/kg twice daily) and 14 received vehicle. At 14 days after injury, rats underwent cavernous nerve stimulation to determine erectile function. Penes were assessed for neuronal and nitric oxide synthase membrane-endothelial nitric oxide synthase. ROCK2 was assessed by Western blot. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cavernous homogenates were tested for ROCK and protein kinase G enzy...
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activated rhoa rho kinase impairs erectile function after cavernous nerve injury in rats
The Journal of Urology, 2010Co-Authors: Christian Gratzke, Hunter C Champion, Arthur L Burnett, Travis D Strong, Milena A Gebska, Christian G Stief, Trinity J BivalacquaAbstract:Purpose: RhoA and rho kinase serve as key regulators of penile vascular homeostasis. The role of RhoA/rho kinase signaling in the Penis after cavernous nerve injury has not been fully investigated. We characterized the molecular expression profiles of RhoA/rho kinase signaling that occur in the Penis after cavernous nerve injury. We hypothesized that erectile dysfunction after bilateral cavernous nerve injury is accompanied by up-regulation of RhoA/rho kinase activity in the rat Penis.Material and Methods: We used 2 groups, including sham operation and bilateral cavernous nerve injury. At 14 days after nerve injury each group underwent cavernous nerve stimulation to determine erectile function at baseline and after intracavernous injection of the rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, Missouri). Penes were assessed at baseline for protein expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, RhoA, and rho kinase 1 and 2 by Western blot, immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, rho...
