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Henry J Snaith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling anomalous hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Stephan Van Reenen, Martijn Kemerink, Henry J SnaithAbstract:Organic–inorganic lead halide Perovskites are distinct from most other semiconductors because they exhibit characteristics of both electronic and ionic motion. Accurate understanding of the optoelectronic impact of such properties is important to fully optimize devices and be aware of any limitations of Perovskite Solar Cells and broader optoelectronic devices. Here we use a numerical drift-diffusion model to describe device operation of Perovskite Solar Cells. To achieve hysteresis in the modeled current–voltage characteristics, we must include both ion migration and electronic charge traps, serving as recombination centers. Trapped electronic charges recombine with oppositely charged free electronic carriers, of which the density depends on the bias-dependent ion distribution in the Perovskite. Our results therefore show that reduction of either the density of mobile ionic species or carrier trapping at the Perovskite interface will remove the adverse hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells. This gives a c...
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Highly efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with tunable structural color
Nano Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Wei Zhang, Miguel Anaya, Mauricio E. Calvo, Hernán Míguez, Gustavo Lozano, Michael B Johnston, Henry J SnaithAbstract:The performance of Perovskite Solar Cells has been progressing over the past few years and efficiency is likely to continue to increase. However, a negative aspect for the integration of Perovskite Solar Cells in the built environment is that the color gamut available in these materials is very limited and does not cover the green-to-blue region of the visible spectrum, which has been a big selling point for organic photovoltaics. Here, we integrate a porous photonic crystal (PC) scaffold within the photoactive layer of an opaque Perovskite Solar cell following a bottom-up approach employing inexpensive and scalable liquid processing techniques. The photovoltaic devices presented herein show high efficiency with tunable color across the visible spectrum. This now imbues the Perovskite Solar Cells with highly desirable properties for cladding in the built environment and encourages design of sustainable colorful buildings and iridescent electric vehicles as future power generation sources.
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Modelling Anomalous Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015Co-Authors: Stephan Van Reenen, Stephan Van Reenen, Martijn Kemerink, Henry J SnaithAbstract:Organic inorganic lead halide Perovskites are distinct from most other semiconductors because they exhibit characteristics of both electronic and ionic motion. Accurate understanding of the optoelectronic impact of such properties is important to fully optimize devices and be aware of any limitations of Perovskite Solar Cells and broader optoelectronic devices. Here we use a numerical drift-diffusion model to describe device operation of Perovskite Solar Cells. To achieve hysteresis in the modeled current voltage characteristics, we must include both ion migration and electronic charge traps, serving as recombination centers. Trapped electronic charges recombine with oppositely charged free electronic carriers, of which the density depends on the bias-dependent ion distribution in the Perovskite. Our results therefore show that reduction of either the density of mobile ionic species or carrier trapping at the Perovskite interface will remove the adverse hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells. This gives a clear target for ongoing research effort and unifies previously conflicting experimental observations and theories.
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Stability of metal halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Advanced Energy Materials, 2015Co-Authors: Tomas Leijtens, Severin N. Habisreutinger, Nakita K. Noel, Giles E. Eperon, Annamaria Petrozza, Henry J SnaithAbstract:In recent years, there has been an unprecedented rise in the performance of metal halide Perovskite Solar Cells. They are now in a position to compete on performance with traditional crystalline Solar Cells, and as such the most pressing questions concern the long term operational stability of this class of Solar cell. Here, recent developments in understanding and overcoming stability concerns of metal halide Perovskite Solar Cells are highlighted. An overview of possible instability issues due to electrical, atmospheric, heat, and light stresses is provided and the different implications to the most commonly used device architectures are discussed.
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Inorganic caesium lead iodide Perovskite Solar Cells
J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015Co-Authors: Giles E. Eperon, Andrea Zampetti, Rebecca J. Sutton, Amir A. Haghighirad, Giuseppe M. Paternò, Franco Cacialli, Henry J SnaithAbstract:The vast majority of Perovskite Solar cell research has focused on organic-inorganic lead trihalide Perovskites. Herein{,} we present working inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells for the first time. CsPbI3 normally resides in a yellow non-Perovskite phase at room temperature{,} but by careful processing control and development of a low-temperature phase transition route we have stabilised the material in the black Perovskite phase at room temperature. As such{,} we have fabricated Solar cell devices in a variety of architectures{,} with current-voltage curve measured efficiency up to 2.9% for a planar heterojunction architecture{,} and stabilised power conversion efficiency of 1.7%. The well-functioning planar junction devices demonstrate long-range electron and hole transport in this material. Importantly{,} this work identifies that the organic cation is not essential{,} but simply a convenience for forming lead triiodide Perovskites with good photovoltaic properties. We additionally observe significant rate-dependent current-voltage hysteresis in CsPbI3 devices{,} despite the absence of the organic polar molecule previously thought to be a candidate for inducing hysteresis via ferroelectric polarisation. Due to its space group{,} CsPbI3 cannot be a ferroelectric material{,} and thus we can conclude that ferroelectricity is not required to explain current-voltage hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells. Our report of working inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells paves the way for further developments likely to lead to much more thermally stable Perovskite Solar Cells and other optoelectronic devices.
N.g. Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Towards stable and commercially available Perovskite Solar Cells
Nature Energy, 2016Co-Authors: N.g. Park, Michael Gratzel, Tsutomu Miyasaka, Keith EmeryAbstract:Solar Cells employing a halide Perovskite with an organic cation now show power conversion efficiency of up to 22%. However, these Cells are facing issues towards commercialization, such as the need to achieve long-term stability and the development of a manufacturing method for the reproducible fabrication of high-performance devices. Here, we propose a strategy to obtain stable and commercially viable Perovskite Solar Cells. A reproducible manufacturing method is suggested, as well as routes to manage grain boundaries and interfacial charge transport. Electroluminescence is regarded as a metric to gauge theoretical efficiency. We highlight how optimizing the design of device architectures is important not only for achieving high efficiency but also for hysteresis-free and stable performance. We argue that reliable device characterization is needed to ensure the advance of this technology towards practical applications. We believe that Perovskite-based devices can be competitive with silicon Solar modules, and discuss issues related to the safe management of toxic material. Perovskite Solar Cells have emerged as a potential low-cost alternative to existing technologies. In this Perspective, Park et al . explore a strategy for the commercialisation of Perovskite Solar Cells.
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Methodologies for high efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Nano Convergence, 2016Co-Authors: N.g. ParkAbstract:Since the report on long-term durable solid-state Perovskite Solar cell in 2012, Perovskite Solar Cells based on lead halide Perovskites having organic cations such as methylammonium CH3NH3PbI3 or formamidinium HC(NH2)2PbI3 have received great attention because of superb photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiency exceeding 22 %. In this review, emergence of Perovskite Solar cell is briefly introduced. Since understanding fundamentals of light absorbers is directly related to their photovoltaic performance, opto-electronic properties of organo lead halide Perovskites are investigated in order to provide insight into design of higher efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. Since the conversion efficiency of Perovskite Solar cell is found to depend significantly on Perovskite film quality, methodologies for fabricating high quality Perovskite films are particularly emphasized, including various solution-processes and vacuum deposition method.
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Material and Device Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells
ChemSusChem, 2016Co-Authors: Hui Seon Kim, Ja Young Seo, N.g. ParkAbstract:Organic–inorganic halide Perovskite Solar Cells have attracted great attention because of their superb efficiency reaching 22 % and low-cost, facile fabrication processing. Nevertheless, stability issues in Perovskite Solar Cells seem to block further advancements toward commercialization. Thus, device stability is one of the important topics in Perovskite Solar cell research. In the beginning, the poor moisture resistivity of the Perovskite layer was considered as a main problem that hindered further development of Perovskite Solar Cells, which encouraged engineering of the Perovskite or protection of the Perovskite by a buffer layer. Soon after, other parameters affecting long-term stability were sequentially found and various attempts have been made to enhance intrinsic and extrinsic stability. Here we review the recent progresses addressing stability issues in Perovskite Solar Cells. In this report, we investigated factors affecting stability from material and device points of view. To gain a better understanding of the stability of the bulk Perovskite material, decomposition mechanisms were investigated in relation to moisture, photons, and heat. Stability of full device should also be carefully examined because its stability is dependent not only on bulk Perovskite but also on the interfaces and selective contacts. In addition, ion migration and current–voltage hysteresis were found to be closely related to stability.
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Two-step deposition method for high-efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
MRS Bulletin, 2015Co-Authors: Jin Wook Lee, N.g. ParkAbstract:Perovskite Solar Cells based on organolead halide Perovskite light absorbers have been\r\nconsidered a promising photovoltaic technology due to their superb power-conversion\r\neffi ciency along with cheap material cost. Since the fi rst work on long-term durable solidstate\r\nPerovskite Solar Cells, a tremendous volume of research on Perovskite Solar Cells has\r\nbeen carried out. A high photovoltaic performance is mainly attributed to the high-quality\r\nCH 3NH 3PbI 3 (MAPbI 3) material that is strongly dependent on the fabrication method used.\r\nMAPbI 3 can be prepared by either a single-step procedure or a sequential two-step deposition\r\ntechnique. The two-step method was found, in general, to show better coverage, morphology,\r\nand infi ltration into a mesoporous oxide layer, which led to high-quality Perovskites with\r\ndesirable optoelectronic properties and thereby high-effi ciency Perovskite Solar Cells.
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Perovskite Solar Cells: From materials to devices
Small, 2015Co-Authors: Hyun Suk Jung, N.g. ParkAbstract:Perovskite Solar Cells based on organometal halide light absorbers have been considered a promising photovoltaic technology due to their superb power conversion efficiency (PCE) along with very low material costs. Since the first report on a long-term durable solid-state Perovskite Solar cell with a PCE of 9.7% in 2012, a PCE as high as 19.3% was demonstrated in 2014, and a certified PCE of 17.9% was shown in 2014. Such a high photovoltaic performance is attributed to optically high absorption characteristics and balanced charge transport properties with long diffusion lengths. Nevertheless, there are lots of puzzles to unravel the basis for such high photovoltaic performances. The working principle of Perovskite Solar Cells has not been well established by far, which is the most important thing for understanding perovksite Solar Cells. In this review, basic fundamentals of Perovskite materials including opto-electronic and dielectric properties are described to give a better understanding and insight into high-performing Perovskite Solar Cells. In addition, various fabrication techniques and device structures are described toward the further improvement of Perovskite Solar Cells.
Antonio Abate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhancement in lifespan of halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Energy and Environmental Science, 2019Co-Authors: Qiong Wang, Nga Phung, Diego Di Girolamo, Paola Vivo, Antonio AbateAbstract:While Perovskite Solar Cells have skyrocketed in recent years to power conversion efficiencies competitive with those of silicon and thin-film photovoltaics, the lagging behind stability stands in the way of commercialisation. In this review, we discuss the reasons and factors that induce the degradation in photovoltaic performance of Perovskite Solar Cells, and furthermore, we summarise the most promising strategies to enhance the lifespan. We show that each component of the device, including the charge selective contacts, Perovskite layer, and electrodes, can be engineered to reduce the influence of heat, UV light, oxygen, moisture and their synergetic effect on the operating lifetime of devices. We conclude that inorganic contacts and inorganic Perovskite compositions are the most promising direction toward stable Perovskite Solar Cells.
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Perovskite Solar Cells Go Lead Free
Joule, 2017Co-Authors: Antonio AbateAbstract:Summary Halide Perovskites are one of the most promising materials for delivery of the next generation of Solar Cells. Perovskite Solar Cells have enabled power conversion efficiency comparable with established technologies, such as silicon and cadmium telluride. Their stability is constantly improving and it is not difficult to believe that stability will soon reach the market requirements. There remains a main concern about the toxicity of lead, a constituent of all the better performing Perovskite Solar Cells so far demonstrated. Here, we discuss the environmental and toxicological implications of lead, paying particular attention to the existing regulations. Both regulation and common sense suggest that Perovskite Solar Cells have to become lead free to deliver a sustainable technology. Thus, we provide a critical overview of the current research and an outlook of the paths toward lead-free Perovskite Solar Cells.
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Perovskite Solar Cells Go Lead Free
Joule, 2017Co-Authors: Antonio AbateAbstract:Halide Perovskites are one of the most promising materials for delivery of the next generation of Solar Cells. Perovskite Solar Cells have enabled power conversion efficiency comparable with established technologies, such as silicon and cadmium telluride. Their stability is constantly improving and it is not difficult to believe that stability will soon reach the market requirements. There remains a main concern about the toxicity of lead, a constituent of all the better performing Perovskite Solar Cells so far demonstrated. Here, we discuss the environmental and toxicological implications of lead, paying particular attention to the existing regulations. Both regulation and common sense suggest that Perovskite Solar Cells have to become lead free to deliver a sustainable technology. Thus, we provide a critical overview of the current research and an outlook of the paths toward lead-free Perovskite Solar Cells. The solution for global sustainability may come from one of the most abundant and cheap materials on Earth: the Perovskites. These materials can convert sunlight directly into electricity with the highest efficiency. After only a few years of research, it is clear that Perovskites will play a major role in the future energy scenario. The last step is the removal of lead from the Perovskite composition to meet the worldwide-adopted restriction of the use of hazardous substances. Here, we provide a critical overview of the current research and an outlook of the paths toward lead-free Perovskite for Solar energy. Renewable energies are progressively replacing fossil fuels in the quest to reduce carbon emission. Sunlight is in many ways an ideal renewable source and Perovskites are one of the most promising materials for delivery of the next generation of Solar Cells. There remains a main concern about the toxicity of lead that is present in the most efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. We provide a critical overview of the current research and an outlook of the paths toward lead-free Perovskite Solar Cells.
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Mesoporous SnO2 electron selective contact enables UV-stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Nano Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Bart Roose, Juan Pablo Correa Baena, Karl C Godel, Ullrich Steiner, Michael Graetzel, Anders Hagfeldt, Antonio AbateAbstract:Perovskite Solar Cells are a promising new technology for large scale energy applications. The current major challenge for commercialization is increasing the device lifetime under real working conditions. State-of-the-art Perovskite Solar Cells are prepared using TiO2 as electron selective contact. In sealed devices, however, a reversible UV light activated performance degradation mechanism was observed. In this study, it is demonstrated that replacing TiO2 with a SnO2 electron selective contact enables stable Perovskite Solar Cells working under UV light in an inert atmosphere. Contrary to previous reports on SnO2 based Perovskite Solar Cells, it is shown that a mesoporous electron selective contact is required to achieve UV stable Perovskite Solar Cells.
Giles E. Eperon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stability of metal halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Advanced Energy Materials, 2015Co-Authors: Tomas Leijtens, Severin N. Habisreutinger, Nakita K. Noel, Giles E. Eperon, Annamaria Petrozza, Henry J SnaithAbstract:In recent years, there has been an unprecedented rise in the performance of metal halide Perovskite Solar Cells. They are now in a position to compete on performance with traditional crystalline Solar Cells, and as such the most pressing questions concern the long term operational stability of this class of Solar cell. Here, recent developments in understanding and overcoming stability concerns of metal halide Perovskite Solar Cells are highlighted. An overview of possible instability issues due to electrical, atmospheric, heat, and light stresses is provided and the different implications to the most commonly used device architectures are discussed.
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Inorganic caesium lead iodide Perovskite Solar Cells
J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015Co-Authors: Giles E. Eperon, Andrea Zampetti, Rebecca J. Sutton, Amir A. Haghighirad, Giuseppe M. Paternò, Franco Cacialli, Henry J SnaithAbstract:The vast majority of Perovskite Solar cell research has focused on organic-inorganic lead trihalide Perovskites. Herein{,} we present working inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells for the first time. CsPbI3 normally resides in a yellow non-Perovskite phase at room temperature{,} but by careful processing control and development of a low-temperature phase transition route we have stabilised the material in the black Perovskite phase at room temperature. As such{,} we have fabricated Solar cell devices in a variety of architectures{,} with current-voltage curve measured efficiency up to 2.9% for a planar heterojunction architecture{,} and stabilised power conversion efficiency of 1.7%. The well-functioning planar junction devices demonstrate long-range electron and hole transport in this material. Importantly{,} this work identifies that the organic cation is not essential{,} but simply a convenience for forming lead triiodide Perovskites with good photovoltaic properties. We additionally observe significant rate-dependent current-voltage hysteresis in CsPbI3 devices{,} despite the absence of the organic polar molecule previously thought to be a candidate for inducing hysteresis via ferroelectric polarisation. Due to its space group{,} CsPbI3 cannot be a ferroelectric material{,} and thus we can conclude that ferroelectricity is not required to explain current-voltage hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells. Our report of working inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells paves the way for further developments likely to lead to much more thermally stable Perovskite Solar Cells and other optoelectronic devices.
Bing-joe Hwang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organometal halide Perovskite Solar Cells: degradation and stability
Energy Environ. Sci., 2016Co-Authors: Taame Abraha Berhe, Chun-jern Pan, Amare Aregahegn Dubale, Meng-che Tsai, Ching-hsiang Chen, Ju-hsiang Cheng, Wei-nien Su, Hung-ming Chen, Liang-yih Chen, Bing-joe HwangAbstract:What are the bottlenecks for organometal halide Perovskite Solar Cells to achieve the stability required for commercialization?