The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Helga Idel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of pyrethroid insecticides on Pest Control Operators
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1998Co-Authors: B Wieseler, G Leng, Karlheinz Kuhn, Helga IdelAbstract:Pyrethroids are neurotoxic by prolonging the opening of the sodium channel (Aldridge 1990). In humans, a variety of reversible symptoms have been reported (He et al. 1988, 1989), including abnormal facial sensations like burning, itching, or tingling sensation, paresthesia, and irritations of the skin, mucosa, and respiratory tract. Non-specific symptoms for pyrethroid exposure include headache, dizziness, nausea, and epigastric pain.
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biological monitoring of pyrethroids in blood and pyrethroid metabolites in urine applications and limitations
Science of The Total Environment, 1997Co-Authors: G Leng, Karlheinz Kuhn, Helga IdelAbstract:Copyright (c) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. The objective of this study was to perform biological monitoring of subjects who are occupationally exposed to pyrethroids. The study group consisted of 30 Pest Control Operators exposed to cyfluthrin, cypermethrin or permethrin. After exposure, 24-h urine samples were collected and 20 ml of blood was drawn. The pyrethroid metabolites cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethy lcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and fluorophenoxybenzoic acid were determined in the urine samples (limit of detection: 0.5 μg/l) by GC MS and the pyrethroids in plasma (limit of detection: 5 μg/l) by GC-ECD. The concentrations of metabolites in the urine of the Pest Control Operators ranged between <0.5 μg/l and 277 μg/l urine. The concentrations of cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and permethrin in the plasma were below the limits of detection (<5 μ g/l). To test if the metabolites are specific for pyrethroid exposure, they were determined in the urine of non-exposed subjects (n=40). In no case could pyrethroid metabolites be detected. A cyfluthrin elimination experiment showed that cyfluthrin metabolites are eliminated following first-order kinetics (t 1/2 =6.4 h). Storage experiments demonstrate that frozen urine samples (―21°C) show no significant losses of metabolites within a year. In contrast, pyrethroids stored in plasma are susceptible to further biodegeneration.© 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
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biological monitoring of pyrethroid metabolites in urine of Pest Control Operators
Toxicology Letters, 1996Co-Authors: G Leng, Karlheinz Kuhn, Helga IdelAbstract:Abstract Due to their low mammalian toxicity but high insectical activity, pyrethroids are increasingly used for Pest Control. The objective of the present study was the development of a biological monitoring program to determine exposure to pyrethroids. A diastereoselective detection of the major pyrethroid metabolites cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dirnethlcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and fluorophenoxybenzoic acid by capillary gas chromatography in combination with mass selective detection was applied. The limits of determination ranged between 0.5 and 1 μg/1 urine, depending on the metabolite concerned. It was demonstrated that pyrethroid metabolites were detectable in urine for a period of elimination up to 3.5 days after exposure to cyfluthrin. Fluorophenoxybenzoic acid was shown to be a suitable biomarker for exposure to cyfluthrin. The presented method was adequate for monitoring pyrethroids in occupationally exposed subjects.
G Leng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of pyrethroid insecticides on Pest Control Operators
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1998Co-Authors: B Wieseler, G Leng, Karlheinz Kuhn, Helga IdelAbstract:Pyrethroids are neurotoxic by prolonging the opening of the sodium channel (Aldridge 1990). In humans, a variety of reversible symptoms have been reported (He et al. 1988, 1989), including abnormal facial sensations like burning, itching, or tingling sensation, paresthesia, and irritations of the skin, mucosa, and respiratory tract. Non-specific symptoms for pyrethroid exposure include headache, dizziness, nausea, and epigastric pain.
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biological monitoring of pyrethroids in blood and pyrethroid metabolites in urine applications and limitations
Science of The Total Environment, 1997Co-Authors: G Leng, Karlheinz Kuhn, Helga IdelAbstract:Copyright (c) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. The objective of this study was to perform biological monitoring of subjects who are occupationally exposed to pyrethroids. The study group consisted of 30 Pest Control Operators exposed to cyfluthrin, cypermethrin or permethrin. After exposure, 24-h urine samples were collected and 20 ml of blood was drawn. The pyrethroid metabolites cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethy lcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and fluorophenoxybenzoic acid were determined in the urine samples (limit of detection: 0.5 μg/l) by GC MS and the pyrethroids in plasma (limit of detection: 5 μg/l) by GC-ECD. The concentrations of metabolites in the urine of the Pest Control Operators ranged between <0.5 μg/l and 277 μg/l urine. The concentrations of cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and permethrin in the plasma were below the limits of detection (<5 μ g/l). To test if the metabolites are specific for pyrethroid exposure, they were determined in the urine of non-exposed subjects (n=40). In no case could pyrethroid metabolites be detected. A cyfluthrin elimination experiment showed that cyfluthrin metabolites are eliminated following first-order kinetics (t 1/2 =6.4 h). Storage experiments demonstrate that frozen urine samples (―21°C) show no significant losses of metabolites within a year. In contrast, pyrethroids stored in plasma are susceptible to further biodegeneration.© 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
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biological monitoring of pyrethroid metabolites in urine of Pest Control Operators
Toxicology Letters, 1996Co-Authors: G Leng, Karlheinz Kuhn, Helga IdelAbstract:Abstract Due to their low mammalian toxicity but high insectical activity, pyrethroids are increasingly used for Pest Control. The objective of the present study was the development of a biological monitoring program to determine exposure to pyrethroids. A diastereoselective detection of the major pyrethroid metabolites cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dirnethlcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and fluorophenoxybenzoic acid by capillary gas chromatography in combination with mass selective detection was applied. The limits of determination ranged between 0.5 and 1 μg/1 urine, depending on the metabolite concerned. It was demonstrated that pyrethroid metabolites were detectable in urine for a period of elimination up to 3.5 days after exposure to cyfluthrin. Fluorophenoxybenzoic acid was shown to be a suitable biomarker for exposure to cyfluthrin. The presented method was adequate for monitoring pyrethroids in occupationally exposed subjects.
Malcolm Ross Sim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urban Pest Control Operators in Australia
Occupational and environmental medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Ewan Macfarlane, Geza Benke, David Gordon Goddard, Malcolm Ross SimAbstract:Occupational tasks of domestic and commercial Pest Control Operators in Australia Domestic and commercial Pest Control is the management of undesirable animals that intrude on human activities in commercial or residential settings.1 Although the spectrum of Control measures available in the modern Pest Control industry now includes non-chemical methods, especially for larger animal Pests, the application of chemical Pesticides remains a necessary tool for Pest Control Operators. Over the past 50 years, Pesticide production and usage has increased dramatically worldwide, revolutionising the management of Pests for the protection of public health and property.2,3 In the Australian context, Pest management is an important activity; termites alone cause tens of millions of dollars damage in Australia every year.4 Occupational exposure to Pesticides is an important issue among the Pest Control workforce,5 and the potential exists for both acute and long-term human health consequences.4 This paper summarises the occupational tasks of Australian domestic and commercial Pest Control Operators, the spectrum of occupational hazards presented by their work and general measures for the Control of these hazards. This paper describes the situation in the Australian Pest Control industry, and, although the principles will be applicable to urban Pest Control workers in other countries also, there may be differences associated with environment and culture, such as differences in Pest species, Pesticides used, application methods, educational requirements, laws, regulations and protective clothing. Pest Control Operators deal with a variety of Pest animals in food-handling premises, industrial sites and private homes, as well as in human service locations, such as schools and hospitals. Food-handling premises are particularly attractive to a variety of Pests, and Control of those Pests safeguards public health by reducing the risk of microbial contamination of foods. Table 1 shows the main types of Pest relevant to urban …
Nina E. Jenkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Susceptibility of insecticide-resistant bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) to infection by fungal bioPesticide.
Pest Management Science, 2017Co-Authors: Andrea M. Barbarin, Giovani S Bellicanta, Jason A. Osborne, Coby Schal, Nina E. JenkinsAbstract:BACKGROUND Bed bugs are a public health concern, and their incidence is increasing worldwide. Bed bug infestations are notoriously difficult to eradicate, further exacerbated by widespread resistance to pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides. This study evaluated the efficacy of the newly developed fungal bioPesticide Aprehend™, containing Beauveria bassiana, against insecticide-resistant bed bugs. RESULTS Overall mortality for the Harold Harlan (insecticide-susceptible) strain was high (98–100%) following exposure to Aprehend™ or Suspend SC (deltamethrin). The mean survival times (MSTs) for Harold Harlan bed bugs were 5.1 days for Aprehend™ and 4.8 and 3.0 days for the low and high concentrations of Suspend SC respectively. All three strains of pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs were susceptible to infection by B. bassiana, resulting in MSTs of 94% overall mortality. Conversely, mortality of the three insecticide-resistant strains after exposure to Suspend SC was only 16-40%. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that Aprehend™ is equally effective against insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant bed bugs and could provide Pest Control Operators with a promising new tool for Control of bed bugs and insecticide resistance management. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Weste L. A. Osbrink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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united states department of agriculture agriculture research service research on targeted management of the formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus shiraki isoptera rhinotermitidae
Pest Management Science, 2003Co-Authors: Alan R Lax, Weste L. A. OsbrinkAbstract:The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki is currently one of the most destructive Pests in the USA. It is estimated to cost consumers over US dollars 1 billion annually for preventative and remedial treatment and to repair damage caused by this insect. The mission of the Formosan Subterranean Termite Research Unit of the Agricultural Research Service is to demonstrate the most effective existing termite management technologies, integrate them into effective management systems, and provide fundamental problem-solving research for long-term, safe, effective and environmentally friendly new technologies. This article describes the epidemiology of the Pest and highlights the research accomplished by the Agricultural Research Service on area-wide management of the termite and fundamental research on its biology that might provide the basis for future management technologies. Fundamental areas that are receiving attention are termite detection, termite colony development, nutrition and foraging, and the search for biological Control agents. Other fertile areas include understanding termite symbionts that may provide an additional target for Control. Area-wide management of the termite by using population suppression rather than protection of individual structures has been successful; however, much remains to be done to provide long-term sustainable population Control. An educational component of the program has provided reliable information to homeowners and Pest-Control Operators that should help slow the spread of this organism and allow rapid intervention in those areas which it infests.